PARA KURULU SİSTEMİ UYGULANABİLİRLİK ENDEKSİ: 1990-2006 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI

Ömer Çolak; Salih Barışık

PARA KURULU SİSTEMİ UYGULANABİLİRLİK ENDEKSİ: 1990-2006 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI

Year 2009, Issue: 32, 1 - 20, 14.05.2015

Abstract

Para kurulu sistemi 1990’lı yıllarda yaşanan ekonomik krizlere radikal bir çözüm olarak tekrar gündeme taşınmıştır. Arjantin, Estonya, Bulgaristan ve Bosna-Hersek uygulamaya geçmiş ve Türkiye, Endonezya, Rusya, Brezilya ve Meksika’da para kurulu sistemi tartışmaları başlamıştır. Türkiye, 2000-Şubat 2001 döneminde yarı para kurulu benzeri bir uygulama ortaya koymasına rağmen, başarı sağlanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, para kurulu sisteminin uygulanabilirliğini araştırmak için ilk kez Muhtemel Avantaj ve Dezavantajlara Dayalı, Para Kurulu Sistemi Uygulanabilirlik Endeksi hesaplanmıştır. Kukla değişkenlerin kullanımı ile hesaplanan endeks 1994 yılında 81, 2001 yılında 93 değeri ile zirve yaptığı ve 2005 yılında 4, 2006 yılında 11’e düştüğü gözlenmiştir. Endeks, 2001 sonrasında Türkiye ekonomisinin para kurulu uygulanabilirliğinden oldukça uzaklaştığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Para Kurulu, Para Kurulu Uygulanabilirlik Endeksi, Türkiye Ekonomisi

References

AKTAN, Coşkun Can; Utku UTKULU ve Selahattin TOGAY; (1998), Nasıl Bir Para Sistemi? Parasal Disiplin ve Parasal İstikrar için Alternatif Öneriler, IMKB, İstanbul.
AKYAZI, Haydar; (1999), Para Kurulu ve Türkiye’de Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, İstanbul.
AKYAZI, H.; (2002), “Alternatif Parasal Rejimlerde Fiyat İstikrarı: Enflasyon Hedeflemesi ve Para Kurulu Örnekleri”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 190, ss.72-100.
BALINO, Tomas J.T. ve Charles ENOCH; (1997), “Currency Board Arrangements Issues and Experiences”, IMF, Occasional Papers, Vol. 151, August, Washington D.C. USA.
BATIZ, Luis A. Rivera ve Amadou N.R.SHY; (2000), “Currency Boards, Credibility, and Macroeconomic Behavior”, IMF Working Paper, WP/00/97, June, Washington D.C. USA,
BENNETT, Adam G.G; (1995), “Currency Boards: Issues an Experiments”, IMF, Finance and Development, 32(3), September, Washington D.C. USA.
ÇELEBİCAN, Gürgan, (1998), “Para Kurulu Sistemi” ASOMEDYA, Ankara, ss30-44.
ÇOLAK, Ömer Faruk ve Selahattin TOGAY; (1996), “Currency Board: Para Arzının Kontrolüne İlişkin Monetarist Bir Yaklaşım”, içinde Finansal Piyasalar ve Para Politikası, Alkım Kitapevi, Ankara.
DEVEREUX, Michael; (1999) “What is a Currency Board System”, Private Economic Issues, İnternet Adresi: http://teaching.ust.hk/˜econ112/ currboard.htm# BoxItem1, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran.
DOMAÇ, İlker ve Maria Soledad Martinez PERİA; (2000), “Banking Crises and Exchange Rate Regimes”, in The World Bank/Universidad Torcuata Di Tella Conference on Exchange Rate Regimes, June, Universidad Torcuata Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
ENOCH, Charles ve Anne-Maria GULDE; (1997), “Making a Currency Board Operational”, IMF, Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment, PPAA/97/10, November, Washington D.C. USA.
ESİN, A. Alptekin; Müslim EKNİ ve Hazma GAMGAM; (2006) İstatistik, Gazi Kitabevi.
GHOSH, Atish R.; Anne-Maria GULDE ve Holger C.WOLF; (1998), “Currency Boards: The Ultimate Fix?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/98/8, January, Washington D.C. USA.
GULDE, Anne Maria; Juha KAHKÖNEN ve Peter KELLER; (2000), “Pros and Cons of Currency Board Arrangements in the Lead-up to EU Accession and Participation in the Euro Zone, IMF Policy Discussion Paper, PDP/00/1, January, PDP/99/3, Washington D.C. USA.
GÜLTEKİN, Bülent ve Kamil YILMAZ; (1996), Para Kurulu:Nedir, Ne Za- man Gerekir? Tesev Yayınları, İstanbul.
IRWIN, Gregor; (2004), “Currency Boards and Currency Crises”, Oxford Economic Papers, 56(1), ss.64-87.
HANKE, Steve H. ve Kurt SCHULER, (1993), “Currency Boards and Currency Convertibility”, CATO Journal, 12(3), ss. 687-703.
HANKE, Steve H. ve Kurt SCHULER; (1994a), Currency Board for Developing Countries: A Handbook, ICE Press, San Francisco, USA.
HANKE, Steve H. ve Kurt SCHULER; (1994b), Currency Board for Developing Countries: A Handbook, Update 2000, ICE Press, San Francisco, USA.
HANKE, Steve H.; (1995), “Pegged out”, Forbes, 155(2), January 16, New York, USA.
HANKE, Steve H.; Lars JONUNG ve Kurt SCHULER, (1993), Russian Currency and Finance, a Currency Board to Reform, ROUTLEDGE, New York. USA.
HANKE, Steve H.; (1998), “How to Establish Monetary Stability in Asia”, CATO www.cato.org/pubs/journal /cj17n3-9html, Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 2000. 1998, 17(3), İnternet Adresi;
JUDY, Richard W.; (1995), “Currency Boards: An Idea Whose Time Has Come”, Economic Reform Today, Banking and Financial Reform, No. 1, Center for International Private Enterprise, Washington D.C. USA., İnternet Adresi; www.cipe.org/ert/015/guest.html, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 1999.
KENT, Osband ve Villanueva DELANO; (1993), “Independent Currency Authorities: An Analytic Primer”, IMF Staff Papers, 40(1), March Washington. D.C. USA.
KİBRİTÇİOĞLU, Aykut; (1996), “Para ve Maliye Politikalarının Etkinliği, Finansal Sınırlılıklar ve Sektörler Arası Fon Akımları”, Editör: A.Kibritçioğlu, Uluslararası (Makro)İktisat, Ocak, Ankara, ss.147-195.
KUTTNER, Robert; (1998), “Currency Board: A Bad Idea Just Won’t Go Away”, Business Week, Issue: 3571, March 30, New York, USA.
KUTLAR, Aziz ve Salih BARIŞIK; (2002), “An Econometric Approach About Feasibility of Currency Board System in Turkey”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, 38(1), January-February, ss.87-101.
KWAN Yum K.; Francis T.LUİ ve Leonard K.CHENG; (1999), “Credibility of Hong Kong’s Currency Board: The Role of Institutional Arrangements”, Working Paper, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Center for Economic Development, Hong Kong, İnternet Adresi; www.bm.ust.hk/¨ced/ main.html, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 2000.
LIVIATAN, Nissan; (1993), “Summary and Evaluation of Main Topics” Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, Edited by Nissan Liviatan, World Bank Discussion Papers, 207, The Word Bank, Washington D.C.
MELTZER, Alane H.; (1993), “The Benefits and of Currency Boards”, CATO Journal, 12(13), winter, ss.707-710.
MUNDELL, Robert .A.; (1997) “Currency Areas, Common Currencies and EMU”, AEA Papers and Proceeding, 87(2). May, ss.214-217.
PAKKO, Michael R.; (1998), “Currency Boards: Monetary Magic?”, International Economic Trends, The Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis, May, Missouri, USA.
SCHULER, Kurt; (1991), Currency Board, Unpublished PHD. Dissertation, George www.erols.com/kurrency/ webdiss1.html, Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 1999. Virginia, USA., İnternet Adresi;
SCHULER, Kurt; (1998a),“Asia’s Reckoning: A Currency Board Beats IMF Rx”, Wall Street Journal, February, New York. USA.
SCHULER, Kurt; (1998b), “No More Central Bank”, Journal of Commerce, İnternet Adresi; www.joc.com., Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 1999.
SCHULER, Kurt; (1999), “Information on The Currency Board Systme, Dollarization, http://users.erols.com/kurrency/intro.htm, Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 1999. Topics”, İnternet Adresi;
SCHWARTZ Anna J.; (1993),“Currency Boards: Their Past, Present, and Possible Future Role”, Policy Analyses No: 163. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 39. North-Holland. ss.147-187.
SERKAN, H; (2000), Para Kurulu Sistemi, Dünyadaki Uygulamaları ve Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Hazine Müştesarlığı, Yayın- lanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi.
TALASLI, İ Anıl; (2005), Macroeconomic Performance of Currency Boards in Transition Economies, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, 3(2), July 2003: ss.27-56.
TCMB; (2006), Elektironik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi, İnternet Adresi; www.tcmb.gov.tr, Erişim Tarihi: Aralık 2006.
TSANG Shu-ki; (1998), “Currency Board Complication:The AEL Model”, Focused Researh Area, Hong Kong Babtist University, Hong Kong, February 1998, İnternet Adresi; www.hkbu.edu.hk/¨web.982.html, Eri- şim Tarihi: Mayıs 1999.
TOGAY, Selahattin ve Salih BARIŞIK (2000),“Arjantin’de Para Kurulu Uygu- lamalarının Yarattığı Sonuçlar” Ekonomik Yaşlaşım, 38(11), Güz 2000, ss.85-111.
TOLGA, M; (2000), Para Kurulu Sistemi ve Türkiye'de Uygulanabilirliği, Hazine Müştesarlığı, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi.
TREADGOLD, Malcolm; (2006) “Factors Inhibiting Deflationary Bias in Currency Board Economies: Evidence from The Colonial Era”, Australian Economic History Review, 46(2). ss.130-154.
WALTERS, Alan; (1993), “Round Table on Stabilization and Currency Board”, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, Edited by Nissan Liviatan, World Bank Discussion Papers, 207, The Word Bank, Washington D.C. USA. pp.101-102.
WILLIAMSON, John; (1995), What Role for Currency Board? Institute for International Economic, Washington D.C. USA.
WORLD BANK; (2006), Word Development Indicators, İnternet Adresi; www.worlbank.org., Erişim Tarihi: Aralık 2006.
YAM, Joseph; (1999), “A Modern Day Currency Board system”, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, İnternet Adresi; www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/ public/mdcbs/content.htm, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 1999.
YAMAK, Rahmi ve Haydar AKYAZI; (1998), “Fiyat İstikrarının Sağlanmasın- da Para Kurulu Sistemi ve Türkiye”, Atatürk Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergi- si, 12(1-2,) Mayıs, Erzurum, ss.1-25.

Year 2009, Issue: 32, 1 - 20, 14.05.2015

Ömer Çolak Salih Barışık

Abstract

References

AKTAN, Coşkun Can; Utku UTKULU ve Selahattin TOGAY; (1998), Nasıl Bir Para Sistemi? Parasal Disiplin ve Parasal İstikrar için Alternatif Öneriler, IMKB, İstanbul.
AKYAZI, Haydar; (1999), Para Kurulu ve Türkiye’de Uygulanabilirliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, İstanbul.
AKYAZI, H.; (2002), “Alternatif Parasal Rejimlerde Fiyat İstikrarı: Enflasyon Hedeflemesi ve Para Kurulu Örnekleri”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 190, ss.72-100.
BALINO, Tomas J.T. ve Charles ENOCH; (1997), “Currency Board Arrangements Issues and Experiences”, IMF, Occasional Papers, Vol. 151, August, Washington D.C. USA.
BATIZ, Luis A. Rivera ve Amadou N.R.SHY; (2000), “Currency Boards, Credibility, and Macroeconomic Behavior”, IMF Working Paper, WP/00/97, June, Washington D.C. USA,
BENNETT, Adam G.G; (1995), “Currency Boards: Issues an Experiments”, IMF, Finance and Development, 32(3), September, Washington D.C. USA.
ÇELEBİCAN, Gürgan, (1998), “Para Kurulu Sistemi” ASOMEDYA, Ankara, ss30-44.
ÇOLAK, Ömer Faruk ve Selahattin TOGAY; (1996), “Currency Board: Para Arzının Kontrolüne İlişkin Monetarist Bir Yaklaşım”, içinde Finansal Piyasalar ve Para Politikası, Alkım Kitapevi, Ankara.
DEVEREUX, Michael; (1999) “What is a Currency Board System”, Private Economic Issues, İnternet Adresi: http://teaching.ust.hk/˜econ112/ currboard.htm# BoxItem1, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran.
DOMAÇ, İlker ve Maria Soledad Martinez PERİA; (2000), “Banking Crises and Exchange Rate Regimes”, in The World Bank/Universidad Torcuata Di Tella Conference on Exchange Rate Regimes, June, Universidad Torcuata Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
ENOCH, Charles ve Anne-Maria GULDE; (1997), “Making a Currency Board Operational”, IMF, Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment, PPAA/97/10, November, Washington D.C. USA.
ESİN, A. Alptekin; Müslim EKNİ ve Hazma GAMGAM; (2006) İstatistik, Gazi Kitabevi.
GHOSH, Atish R.; Anne-Maria GULDE ve Holger C.WOLF; (1998), “Currency Boards: The Ultimate Fix?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/98/8, January, Washington D.C. USA.
GULDE, Anne Maria; Juha KAHKÖNEN ve Peter KELLER; (2000), “Pros and Cons of Currency Board Arrangements in the Lead-up to EU Accession and Participation in the Euro Zone, IMF Policy Discussion Paper, PDP/00/1, January, PDP/99/3, Washington D.C. USA.
GÜLTEKİN, Bülent ve Kamil YILMAZ; (1996), Para Kurulu:Nedir, Ne Za- man Gerekir? Tesev Yayınları, İstanbul.
IRWIN, Gregor; (2004), “Currency Boards and Currency Crises”, Oxford Economic Papers, 56(1), ss.64-87.
HANKE, Steve H. ve Kurt SCHULER, (1993), “Currency Boards and Currency Convertibility”, CATO Journal, 12(3), ss. 687-703.
HANKE, Steve H. ve Kurt SCHULER; (1994a), Currency Board for Developing Countries: A Handbook, ICE Press, San Francisco, USA.
HANKE, Steve H. ve Kurt SCHULER; (1994b), Currency Board for Developing Countries: A Handbook, Update 2000, ICE Press, San Francisco, USA.
HANKE, Steve H.; (1995), “Pegged out”, Forbes, 155(2), January 16, New York, USA.
HANKE, Steve H.; Lars JONUNG ve Kurt SCHULER, (1993), Russian Currency and Finance, a Currency Board to Reform, ROUTLEDGE, New York. USA.
HANKE, Steve H.; (1998), “How to Establish Monetary Stability in Asia”, CATO www.cato.org/pubs/journal /cj17n3-9html, Erişim Tarihi: Ekim 2000. 1998, 17(3), İnternet Adresi;
JUDY, Richard W.; (1995), “Currency Boards: An Idea Whose Time Has Come”, Economic Reform Today, Banking and Financial Reform, No. 1, Center for International Private Enterprise, Washington D.C. USA., İnternet Adresi; www.cipe.org/ert/015/guest.html, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 1999.
KENT, Osband ve Villanueva DELANO; (1993), “Independent Currency Authorities: An Analytic Primer”, IMF Staff Papers, 40(1), March Washington. D.C. USA.
KİBRİTÇİOĞLU, Aykut; (1996), “Para ve Maliye Politikalarının Etkinliği, Finansal Sınırlılıklar ve Sektörler Arası Fon Akımları”, Editör: A.Kibritçioğlu, Uluslararası (Makro)İktisat, Ocak, Ankara, ss.147-195.
KUTTNER, Robert; (1998), “Currency Board: A Bad Idea Just Won’t Go Away”, Business Week, Issue: 3571, March 30, New York, USA.
KUTLAR, Aziz ve Salih BARIŞIK; (2002), “An Econometric Approach About Feasibility of Currency Board System in Turkey”, Russian and East European Finance and Trade, 38(1), January-February, ss.87-101.
KWAN Yum K.; Francis T.LUİ ve Leonard K.CHENG; (1999), “Credibility of Hong Kong’s Currency Board: The Role of Institutional Arrangements”, Working Paper, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Center for Economic Development, Hong Kong, İnternet Adresi; www.bm.ust.hk/¨ced/ main.html, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 2000.
LIVIATAN, Nissan; (1993), “Summary and Evaluation of Main Topics” Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, Edited by Nissan Liviatan, World Bank Discussion Papers, 207, The Word Bank, Washington D.C.
MELTZER, Alane H.; (1993), “The Benefits and of Currency Boards”, CATO Journal, 12(13), winter, ss.707-710.
MUNDELL, Robert .A.; (1997) “Currency Areas, Common Currencies and EMU”, AEA Papers and Proceeding, 87(2). May, ss.214-217.
PAKKO, Michael R.; (1998), “Currency Boards: Monetary Magic?”, International Economic Trends, The Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis, May, Missouri, USA.
SCHULER, Kurt; (1991), Currency Board, Unpublished PHD. Dissertation, George www.erols.com/kurrency/ webdiss1.html, Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 1999. Virginia, USA., İnternet Adresi;
SCHULER, Kurt; (1998a),“Asia’s Reckoning: A Currency Board Beats IMF Rx”, Wall Street Journal, February, New York. USA.
SCHULER, Kurt; (1998b), “No More Central Bank”, Journal of Commerce, İnternet Adresi; www.joc.com., Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 1999.
SCHULER, Kurt; (1999), “Information on The Currency Board Systme, Dollarization, http://users.erols.com/kurrency/intro.htm, Erişim Tarihi: Mayıs 1999. Topics”, İnternet Adresi;
SCHWARTZ Anna J.; (1993),“Currency Boards: Their Past, Present, and Possible Future Role”, Policy Analyses No: 163. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 39. North-Holland. ss.147-187.
SERKAN, H; (2000), Para Kurulu Sistemi, Dünyadaki Uygulamaları ve Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Hazine Müştesarlığı, Yayın- lanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi.
TALASLI, İ Anıl; (2005), Macroeconomic Performance of Currency Boards in Transition Economies, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, 3(2), July 2003: ss.27-56.
TCMB; (2006), Elektironik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi, İnternet Adresi; www.tcmb.gov.tr, Erişim Tarihi: Aralık 2006.
TSANG Shu-ki; (1998), “Currency Board Complication:The AEL Model”, Focused Researh Area, Hong Kong Babtist University, Hong Kong, February 1998, İnternet Adresi; www.hkbu.edu.hk/¨web.982.html, Eri- şim Tarihi: Mayıs 1999.
TOGAY, Selahattin ve Salih BARIŞIK (2000),“Arjantin’de Para Kurulu Uygu- lamalarının Yarattığı Sonuçlar” Ekonomik Yaşlaşım, 38(11), Güz 2000, ss.85-111.
TOLGA, M; (2000), Para Kurulu Sistemi ve Türkiye'de Uygulanabilirliği, Hazine Müştesarlığı, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi.
TREADGOLD, Malcolm; (2006) “Factors Inhibiting Deflationary Bias in Currency Board Economies: Evidence from The Colonial Era”, Australian Economic History Review, 46(2). ss.130-154.
WALTERS, Alan; (1993), “Round Table on Stabilization and Currency Board”, Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards, Edited by Nissan Liviatan, World Bank Discussion Papers, 207, The Word Bank, Washington D.C. USA. pp.101-102.
WILLIAMSON, John; (1995), What Role for Currency Board? Institute for International Economic, Washington D.C. USA.
WORLD BANK; (2006), Word Development Indicators, İnternet Adresi; www.worlbank.org., Erişim Tarihi: Aralık 2006.
YAM, Joseph; (1999), “A Modern Day Currency Board system”, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, İnternet Adresi; www.info.gov.hk/hkma/eng/ public/mdcbs/content.htm, Erişim Tarihi: Haziran 1999.
YAMAK, Rahmi ve Haydar AKYAZI; (1998), “Fiyat İstikrarının Sağlanmasın- da Para Kurulu Sistemi ve Türkiye”, Atatürk Üniversitesi, İİBF Dergi- si, 12(1-2,) Mayıs, Erzurum, ss.1-25.

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Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Makaleler
Authors	Ömer Çolak This is me Salih Barışık This is me
Publication Date	May 14, 2015
Published in Issue	Year 2009 Issue: 32

Cite

APA	Çolak, Ö., & Barışık, S. (2015). PARA KURULU SİSTEMİ UYGULANABİLİRLİK ENDEKSİ: 1990-2006 DÖNEMİ TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(32), 1-20.

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