BibTex RIS Cite

-

Year 2013, Issue: 42, 123 - 159, 18.05.2015

Mehmet Mercan Etem Karakaya

Abstract

Beginning in 1870s with the industrialization process humanity has been faced with the problem of global warming and climate changes by the intensive use of fossil fuels. This problem affects all countries in the world regardless of the development level. The aim of this study is to analyse the economic costs of emission trade which is one of the methods implemented to control the carbon dioxide emission that is the main reason of global warming that came to order with Kyoto Protocol in 2008 in terms of Turkish economy and make recommendations for the future economy policies that have to be implemented with the help of general equilibrium analysis. Firstly in the study the most recently published 2002 Input-Output table with 59 sectors categorized by Turkish Statistics Institution (TSI) was consolidated by basing upon the sectors with higher emission intensity and it was reduced to 10 sectors. General equilibrium analysis results were calculated under the different emission quotas and the scenarios of international carbon price changes. As a result of general equilibrium analysis, it was found the evidence that the welfare loss of the practice of emission trade on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was lower than the carbon tax

Keywords

General Equilibrium Model Carbon Tax Emission Trade Turkey

References

  • ARIKAN, Yunus and Gürkan KUMBAROĞLU; (2001), “Endogenising Emis- sion Taxes; A General Equilibrium Type Optimisation Model Applied for Turkey”, Energy Policy, 29 (12), pp.1045-1056.
  • BERNAND, Alain and March VIELLE; (1997), “An Appraisal Of The French Nuclear Program with Respect to The Kyoto Protocol Through A World, Dynamic, General Equilibrium Model”, International Energy Merkets, Competition and Policy, 88, pp. 2-24.
  • BNEF; (2013), “Bloomberg New Energy Finance”, Internet Address: http://about.bnef.com/, Date of Access: 09.01.2013.
  • BÖHRİNGER, Christoph and Thomas RUTHERFORD; (2002), “Carbon Aba- tement and International Spillovers A Decomposition of General Equilibrium Effects”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 22, pp. 391-417.
  • BURNİAUX, Jean March and J. Oliveira MARTİNS; (2012), “Carbon Leaka- ges: A General Equilibrium View”, Economic Theory, 49, pp. 473-495.
  • CHEN, W. T.; LI, Y. P.; HUANG, G. H.; CHEN, X. and LI, Y. F.; (2010), “A Two-Stage Inexact-Stochastic Programming Model for Planning Carbon Dioxide Emission Trading Under Uncertainty”, Applied Energy, 87, pp. 1033-1047.
  • Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı; (2011), Karbon Piyasalarında Ulusal Deneyim ve Geleceğe Bakış, Ankara: T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları. ÇOB; (2011), “Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı”, İnternet Adresi: http://iklim.cob.gov.tr /iklim/AnaSayfa/BMIDCS.aspx?sflang=tr, Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2011
  • DAMRO, Chad and Pilar Luaces MENDES; (2005), “Emissions Trading at Kyoto: From EU Resistance to Union Innovation”, in Andrew JORDAN (Ed.), Environmental Policy in the European Union: Actors, Institu- tions and Process, Eartscan in the UK and USA: Routledge Publishing, pp. 253-275.
  • DELLİNK, Rob and Ekko Van IERLAND; (2006), “Pollution Abatement in the Netherlands: A Dynamic Applied General Equilibrium Assessment”, Journal of Policy Modelling, 28, pp. 207-221.
  • DESSUS, Sebastien and Maurizio BUSSOLO; (1998), “Is There a Trade-off Between Trade Liberalization and Pollution Abatement? A Computable General Equilibrium Assessment Applied to Costa Rica”, Journal of Policy Modelling, 20(1), pp.11-31.
  • DOLU, Ömer; (2005), “Kyoto Protokolü Esneklik Mekanizmaları ve Kurumsal Kapasite Gelişimi”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aydın: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • DPT; (2000), İklim Değişikliği Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Ankara: DPT Yayınları.
  • EB; (2011), “Energy Boom”, Internet Adress: http://www.energyboom.com/ emerging/ieas-450-scenario-outlines-energy-actions-needed-mitigate- climate-change, Date of Access:3 0.11.2011.
  • EC; (2007), “Limiting Global Climate Change to 2 Degrees Celsius The Way Ahead for 2020 and Beyond, Communication from the Commission to the http://eurlex.europa.eu/ com2007_0002en01.pdf, Date of Access: 02.01.2012.
  • LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/ Address:
  • EC; (2009), The EU Emission Trading Scheme, Belgium: European Commis- sion Publishing.
  • EICHNER, Thomas and Rüdiger PETHIG; (2010), “EU-type Carbon Emissions Trade and the Distributional Impact of Overlapping Emissions Taxes”, Journal of Regulatary Economics, 37, pp. 287-315.
  • EKINS, Paul and Terry BARKER; (2001), “Carbon Taxes and Carbon emission Trading”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 15(3), pp. 325-376.
  • EPICA; (2013), “European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica”, Internet Add- ress: 17.12.2013. Date of Access:
  • ERMOLİEVA, Tatiana; Yuri ERMOLİEV; Günther FİSCHER; Matthias JONAS; Marek MAKOWSKİ and Fabian WAGNER; (2010), “Carbon Emission Trading and Carbon Taxes Under Uncertainties”, Cilimatic Change, 103, pp. 277-289.
  • FIELD, Barry C. and Martha K. FIELD; (2002), Environmental Economics: An Introduction, Sixth Edition, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • HALICIOĞLU, Ferda; (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37, pp. 1156-1164.
  • IEA; (2009), Key World Energy Statistics 2009, International Energy Agency, Paris: OECD/IEA.
  • IEA; (2010), World Energy Outlook 2010, International Energy Agency, Pa- ris: OECD/IEA.
  • IEA; (2011), Key World Energy Statistics 2011, International Energy Agency, Paris: OECD/IEA.
  • IPCC; (2007), The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KADIOĞLU, Mikdat; (2007), Küresel İklim Değişimi ve Türkiye–Bildiğiniz Havaların Sonu, Üçüncü Baskı, İstanbul: Güncel Yayıncılık.
  • KARAKAYA, Etem ve Mustafa ÖZÇAĞ; (2003), “Türkiye Açısından Kyoto Protokolü'nün Değerlendirilmesi ve Ayrıştırma (Decomposition), Yön- temi İle CO2 Emisyonu Belirleyicilerinin Analizi”, VII. ODTÜ İktisat Konferansı, 9 Haziran, Ankara: ODTÜ, İnternet Adresi: http://www. econturk.org/Turkiyeekonomisi/odtu_ 25.10.2013. paper.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:
  • KARALI, Nihan; (2006), “An Aggregate Economic Equilibrium Model for Sus- tainable Energy Policy Analysis and Implications for Turkey, Yayım- lanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • KUMBAROĞLU, Gürkan and Reinhard MADLENER; (2003), “Energy and Climate Policy Analysis with the Hybrid Bottom-Up Computable Gene- ral Equilibrium Model SCREEN: The Case of the Swiss CO2 Act”, An- nals of Operations Research, 121 (1-4), pp. 181-203.
  • KUMBAROĞLU, Gürkan; (2003), “Environmental Taxation and Economic Effects: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis for Turkey”, Jo- urnal of Policy Modeling, 25, pp. 795–810.
  • KUMBAROĞLU, Gürkan; Reinhard MADLENER and Mustafa DEMİREL; (2008), “A Real Options Evaluation Model for The Diffusion Prospects of New Renewable Power Generation Technologies”, Energy Econo- mics, 30(4), pp.1882-1908.
  • LASEUR, Joris; (2005) “Unilateral CDM: Addressing the Participation of De- veloping Countries in CDM Project Development”, Master Thesis, Net- herlands: University of Groningen Economics Department.
  • LIN, Boqiang and Xuehui LI; (2011), “The Effect of Carbon Tax on Per Capita CO2 Emissions”, Energy Policy, 39, pp.5137-5146.
  • LISE, Wietze; (2006), “Decomposition of CO2 Emissions Over 1980-2003 in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 34 (14), pp.1841-1852.
  • MCCARL, Bruce A. and Uwe A. SCHNEIDER; (2000), “U.S. Agriculture’s Role in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation World: An Economic Perspective”, Review of Agricultural Economics, 22(1), pp. 2-48.
  • MÖST, Dominik and Wolf FİCHTNER; (2010), “Renewable Energy Sources in European Energy Supply and Interactions With Emission Trading”, Energy Policy, 18, pp.2898-2910.
  • NORDHAUS, William D.; (2007), “To Tax or Not to Tax: Alternative Appro- aches to Slowing Global Warming”, Review of Environmental Eco- nomics and Policy, 1(1), pp.26-44.
  • OCAK, Miraç; Zehra OCAK; Selçuk BİLGEN; Sedat KELEŞ; and Kamil KAYGUSUZ; (2004), “Energy Utilization, Environmental Pollution and Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey”, Energy Conversion and Ma- nagement, 45(6), pp. 845–864.
  • ÖZÇAĞ, Mustafa; (2011), “İnsan Kaynaklı İklim Değişikliği ve Ekonomik Bü- yüme Türkiye Üzerine Bir Analiz”, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ay- dın: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • PC; (2012), “Point Carbon”, Internet Address: http://www.pointcarbon.com, Date of Access:15.12.2012.
  • PROOST, Stefan and Denise Van REGEMORTER; (1992), ”Economic Effects of A Carbon Tax: With a General Equilibrium Illustration for Belgium”, Energy Economics, 14(2), pp.136-149.
  • RESOSUDARMO, Budy P.; (2003), “Computable General Equilibrium Model on Air Pollution Abatement Policies with Indonesia as a Case Study”, The Economic Record, 79, Special Issue, pp. 63-73.
  • ŞAHİN, Şebnem; (2004), “An Economic Policy Discussion of the GHG Emis- sion Problem in Turkey From a Sustainable Development Perspective within a Regional General Equilibrium Model: TURCO”, 7th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, 17-19 June, USA, pp.1-42, Internet Address: https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/ download/1779. pdf, Date of Access: 05.02.2013.
  • TCMB; (2011), “Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi”, İnternet Adresi: http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr, Erişim Tarihi:09.12.2011
  • TIMILSINA, R. Govinda and Ram M. SHRESTHA; (2006), “General Equilib- rium Effects of a Supply Side GHG Mitigation Option Under the Clean Development Mechanism”, Journal of Environmental Management, 80, pp.327-341.
  • UPADHYAYA, Prabhat; (2011), “Is Emission Trading A Possible Policy Op- tion for India?”, Climate Policy, 10(5), pp.560-574.
  • World Bank; (2010), State and the Trends of the Carbon Market 2010, in Kos- soy ALEXANDRE and Ambrosi PHILIPPE (Ed.), USA: Washington DC., Internet Adress: http://www.carbonfinance.org, Date of Access: 02.01.2012.
  • YANG, Hao Yen; (2000), “Carbon-Reducing Taxes and Income Inequality: General Equilibrium Evaluation of Alternative Energy Taxation in Taiwan”, Applied Economics, 32, pp.1213-1221.
  • YELDAN, Erinç; Kotkut BORATAV and Oktar TÜREL; (1996), “Dilemmas of Structural Adjustment and Environmental Policies under Instability: Post-1980 Turkey”, World Development, 24(2), pp. 373-393.
  • YELDAN, Erinç; Ebru VOYVODA and Çağatay TELLİ; (2006), “Economics Of Environmental Policy In Turkey: A General Equilibrium Investiga- tion of the Economic Evaluation of Sectoral Emission Reduction Poli- cies for Climate Change”, Internet Address: http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/ ~yeldane/Journal Of Pol Mod_TVY2006, Date of Access: 09.12.2011.
  • TÜİK; (2002), “Girdi-Çıktı Tabloları”, İnternet Adresi: http://www. tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?alt_id =58, Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2011.
  • TÜİK; (2011), VI. Ulusal Sera Gazı Emisyon Envanteri Raporu 1990-2009, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
  • UNDP; (2006), “The Clean Development Mechanism: an Assessment of Prog- ress”, UNDP Environment and Energy Group 2006-10-31, Internet Address: /indexAction. cfm?, Date of Access: 10.02.2011.
  • http://www.energyandenvironment.undp.org/undp
  • UNFCC; (2001), Proposal to Amend the List in Annexes I and II to the Convention by Removing the Name of Turkey, FCCC/SBI/2001/L.8. Decision 7/CP.7,SBI, Internet Address: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/ cop7/11.pdf, Date of Access: 09.12.2013.
  • UNFCC; (2011), “Draft Decision- Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, Durban”, Internet Add- ress: http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/durban_nov_2011/decisions/application/ pdf /cop17_durban platform.pdf, Date of Access: 03.02.2011.
  • UNFCC; (2012); “Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi”, Internet Address: http://unfccc.int, Date of Access: 09.12.2012
  • UZMEN, Reşat; (2007), Küresel Isınma ve İklim Değişikliği, Birinci Baskı, İstanbul: Bile Kültür Sanat.

SERA GAZI SALIMININ AZALTIMINDA ALTERNATİF POLİTİKALARIN EKONOMİK MALİYETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN GENEL DENGE ANALİZİ

Year 2013, Issue: 42, 123 - 159, 18.05.2015

Mehmet Mercan Etem Karakaya

Abstract

Sanayileşme süreci ile birlikte 1870’li yıllardan itibaren, fosil yakıtlarının yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmasıyla insanlık küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği sorunuyla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu sorun gelişmişlik düzeyi ne olursa olsun dünya ülkelerinin tamamını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; genel denge analizi yardımıyla, 2008 yılından Kyoto protokolü ile gündeme gelen küresel ısınmanın başlıca sebebi olan karbondioksit salımının kontrol altına alınabilmesi için uygulanan yöntemlerden olan emisyon ticaretinin Türkiye ekonomisi açısından ekonomik maliyetlerini analiz etmek ve geleceğe yönelik uygulanması gereken ekonomi politikaları için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Çalışmada öncelikle TÜİK tarafında sınıflandırılan 59 sektörlü en son yayınlanan 2002 Input-Output tablosu, emisyon yoğunluğu fazla olan sektörler baz alınarak toplulaştırılmış ve 10 sektöre indirgenmiştir. Bu sektörler baz alınarak kurulan Genel Denge Analizi sonuçları farklı emisyon kotaları ve uluslararası karbon fiyatı değişimleri senaryoları altında hesaplanmıştır. Genel Denge Analizi sonucunda; emisyon ticareti uygulamasının karbon vergisine göre GSYİH üzerindeki refah kaybının daha az olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. 

Keywords

Genel Denge Modeli Karbon Vergisi Emisyon Ticareti Türkiye

References

  • ARIKAN, Yunus and Gürkan KUMBAROĞLU; (2001), “Endogenising Emis- sion Taxes; A General Equilibrium Type Optimisation Model Applied for Turkey”, Energy Policy, 29 (12), pp.1045-1056.
  • BERNAND, Alain and March VIELLE; (1997), “An Appraisal Of The French Nuclear Program with Respect to The Kyoto Protocol Through A World, Dynamic, General Equilibrium Model”, International Energy Merkets, Competition and Policy, 88, pp. 2-24.
  • BNEF; (2013), “Bloomberg New Energy Finance”, Internet Address: http://about.bnef.com/, Date of Access: 09.01.2013.
  • BÖHRİNGER, Christoph and Thomas RUTHERFORD; (2002), “Carbon Aba- tement and International Spillovers A Decomposition of General Equilibrium Effects”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 22, pp. 391-417.
  • BURNİAUX, Jean March and J. Oliveira MARTİNS; (2012), “Carbon Leaka- ges: A General Equilibrium View”, Economic Theory, 49, pp. 473-495.
  • CHEN, W. T.; LI, Y. P.; HUANG, G. H.; CHEN, X. and LI, Y. F.; (2010), “A Two-Stage Inexact-Stochastic Programming Model for Planning Carbon Dioxide Emission Trading Under Uncertainty”, Applied Energy, 87, pp. 1033-1047.
  • Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı; (2011), Karbon Piyasalarında Ulusal Deneyim ve Geleceğe Bakış, Ankara: T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları. ÇOB; (2011), “Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı”, İnternet Adresi: http://iklim.cob.gov.tr /iklim/AnaSayfa/BMIDCS.aspx?sflang=tr, Erişim Tarihi: 07.12.2011
  • DAMRO, Chad and Pilar Luaces MENDES; (2005), “Emissions Trading at Kyoto: From EU Resistance to Union Innovation”, in Andrew JORDAN (Ed.), Environmental Policy in the European Union: Actors, Institu- tions and Process, Eartscan in the UK and USA: Routledge Publishing, pp. 253-275.
  • DELLİNK, Rob and Ekko Van IERLAND; (2006), “Pollution Abatement in the Netherlands: A Dynamic Applied General Equilibrium Assessment”, Journal of Policy Modelling, 28, pp. 207-221.
  • DESSUS, Sebastien and Maurizio BUSSOLO; (1998), “Is There a Trade-off Between Trade Liberalization and Pollution Abatement? A Computable General Equilibrium Assessment Applied to Costa Rica”, Journal of Policy Modelling, 20(1), pp.11-31.
  • DOLU, Ömer; (2005), “Kyoto Protokolü Esneklik Mekanizmaları ve Kurumsal Kapasite Gelişimi”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Aydın: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • DPT; (2000), İklim Değişikliği Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Ankara: DPT Yayınları.
  • EB; (2011), “Energy Boom”, Internet Adress: http://www.energyboom.com/ emerging/ieas-450-scenario-outlines-energy-actions-needed-mitigate- climate-change, Date of Access:3 0.11.2011.
  • EC; (2007), “Limiting Global Climate Change to 2 Degrees Celsius The Way Ahead for 2020 and Beyond, Communication from the Commission to the http://eurlex.europa.eu/ com2007_0002en01.pdf, Date of Access: 02.01.2012.
  • LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/ Address:
  • EC; (2009), The EU Emission Trading Scheme, Belgium: European Commis- sion Publishing.
  • EICHNER, Thomas and Rüdiger PETHIG; (2010), “EU-type Carbon Emissions Trade and the Distributional Impact of Overlapping Emissions Taxes”, Journal of Regulatary Economics, 37, pp. 287-315.
  • EKINS, Paul and Terry BARKER; (2001), “Carbon Taxes and Carbon emission Trading”, Journal of Economic Surveys, 15(3), pp. 325-376.
  • EPICA; (2013), “European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica”, Internet Add- ress: 17.12.2013. Date of Access:
  • ERMOLİEVA, Tatiana; Yuri ERMOLİEV; Günther FİSCHER; Matthias JONAS; Marek MAKOWSKİ and Fabian WAGNER; (2010), “Carbon Emission Trading and Carbon Taxes Under Uncertainties”, Cilimatic Change, 103, pp. 277-289.
  • FIELD, Barry C. and Martha K. FIELD; (2002), Environmental Economics: An Introduction, Sixth Edition, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • HALICIOĞLU, Ferda; (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37, pp. 1156-1164.
  • IEA; (2009), Key World Energy Statistics 2009, International Energy Agency, Paris: OECD/IEA.
  • IEA; (2010), World Energy Outlook 2010, International Energy Agency, Pa- ris: OECD/IEA.
  • IEA; (2011), Key World Energy Statistics 2011, International Energy Agency, Paris: OECD/IEA.
  • IPCC; (2007), The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KADIOĞLU, Mikdat; (2007), Küresel İklim Değişimi ve Türkiye–Bildiğiniz Havaların Sonu, Üçüncü Baskı, İstanbul: Güncel Yayıncılık.
  • KARAKAYA, Etem ve Mustafa ÖZÇAĞ; (2003), “Türkiye Açısından Kyoto Protokolü'nün Değerlendirilmesi ve Ayrıştırma (Decomposition), Yön- temi İle CO2 Emisyonu Belirleyicilerinin Analizi”, VII. ODTÜ İktisat Konferansı, 9 Haziran, Ankara: ODTÜ, İnternet Adresi: http://www. econturk.org/Turkiyeekonomisi/odtu_ 25.10.2013. paper.pdf, Erişim Tarihi:
  • KARALI, Nihan; (2006), “An Aggregate Economic Equilibrium Model for Sus- tainable Energy Policy Analysis and Implications for Turkey, Yayım- lanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • KUMBAROĞLU, Gürkan and Reinhard MADLENER; (2003), “Energy and Climate Policy Analysis with the Hybrid Bottom-Up Computable Gene- ral Equilibrium Model SCREEN: The Case of the Swiss CO2 Act”, An- nals of Operations Research, 121 (1-4), pp. 181-203.
  • KUMBAROĞLU, Gürkan; (2003), “Environmental Taxation and Economic Effects: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis for Turkey”, Jo- urnal of Policy Modeling, 25, pp. 795–810.
  • KUMBAROĞLU, Gürkan; Reinhard MADLENER and Mustafa DEMİREL; (2008), “A Real Options Evaluation Model for The Diffusion Prospects of New Renewable Power Generation Technologies”, Energy Econo- mics, 30(4), pp.1882-1908.
  • LASEUR, Joris; (2005) “Unilateral CDM: Addressing the Participation of De- veloping Countries in CDM Project Development”, Master Thesis, Net- herlands: University of Groningen Economics Department.
  • LIN, Boqiang and Xuehui LI; (2011), “The Effect of Carbon Tax on Per Capita CO2 Emissions”, Energy Policy, 39, pp.5137-5146.
  • LISE, Wietze; (2006), “Decomposition of CO2 Emissions Over 1980-2003 in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 34 (14), pp.1841-1852.
  • MCCARL, Bruce A. and Uwe A. SCHNEIDER; (2000), “U.S. Agriculture’s Role in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation World: An Economic Perspective”, Review of Agricultural Economics, 22(1), pp. 2-48.
  • MÖST, Dominik and Wolf FİCHTNER; (2010), “Renewable Energy Sources in European Energy Supply and Interactions With Emission Trading”, Energy Policy, 18, pp.2898-2910.
  • NORDHAUS, William D.; (2007), “To Tax or Not to Tax: Alternative Appro- aches to Slowing Global Warming”, Review of Environmental Eco- nomics and Policy, 1(1), pp.26-44.
  • OCAK, Miraç; Zehra OCAK; Selçuk BİLGEN; Sedat KELEŞ; and Kamil KAYGUSUZ; (2004), “Energy Utilization, Environmental Pollution and Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey”, Energy Conversion and Ma- nagement, 45(6), pp. 845–864.
  • ÖZÇAĞ, Mustafa; (2011), “İnsan Kaynaklı İklim Değişikliği ve Ekonomik Bü- yüme Türkiye Üzerine Bir Analiz”, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ay- dın: Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • PC; (2012), “Point Carbon”, Internet Address: http://www.pointcarbon.com, Date of Access:15.12.2012.
  • PROOST, Stefan and Denise Van REGEMORTER; (1992), ”Economic Effects of A Carbon Tax: With a General Equilibrium Illustration for Belgium”, Energy Economics, 14(2), pp.136-149.
  • RESOSUDARMO, Budy P.; (2003), “Computable General Equilibrium Model on Air Pollution Abatement Policies with Indonesia as a Case Study”, The Economic Record, 79, Special Issue, pp. 63-73.
  • ŞAHİN, Şebnem; (2004), “An Economic Policy Discussion of the GHG Emis- sion Problem in Turkey From a Sustainable Development Perspective within a Regional General Equilibrium Model: TURCO”, 7th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, 17-19 June, USA, pp.1-42, Internet Address: https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/ download/1779. pdf, Date of Access: 05.02.2013.
  • TCMB; (2011), “Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi”, İnternet Adresi: http://evds.tcmb.gov.tr, Erişim Tarihi:09.12.2011
  • TIMILSINA, R. Govinda and Ram M. SHRESTHA; (2006), “General Equilib- rium Effects of a Supply Side GHG Mitigation Option Under the Clean Development Mechanism”, Journal of Environmental Management, 80, pp.327-341.
  • UPADHYAYA, Prabhat; (2011), “Is Emission Trading A Possible Policy Op- tion for India?”, Climate Policy, 10(5), pp.560-574.
  • World Bank; (2010), State and the Trends of the Carbon Market 2010, in Kos- soy ALEXANDRE and Ambrosi PHILIPPE (Ed.), USA: Washington DC., Internet Adress: http://www.carbonfinance.org, Date of Access: 02.01.2012.
  • YANG, Hao Yen; (2000), “Carbon-Reducing Taxes and Income Inequality: General Equilibrium Evaluation of Alternative Energy Taxation in Taiwan”, Applied Economics, 32, pp.1213-1221.
  • YELDAN, Erinç; Kotkut BORATAV and Oktar TÜREL; (1996), “Dilemmas of Structural Adjustment and Environmental Policies under Instability: Post-1980 Turkey”, World Development, 24(2), pp. 373-393.
  • YELDAN, Erinç; Ebru VOYVODA and Çağatay TELLİ; (2006), “Economics Of Environmental Policy In Turkey: A General Equilibrium Investiga- tion of the Economic Evaluation of Sectoral Emission Reduction Poli- cies for Climate Change”, Internet Address: http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/ ~yeldane/Journal Of Pol Mod_TVY2006, Date of Access: 09.12.2011.
  • TÜİK; (2002), “Girdi-Çıktı Tabloları”, İnternet Adresi: http://www. tuik.gov.tr/VeriBilgi.do?alt_id =58, Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2011.
  • TÜİK; (2011), VI. Ulusal Sera Gazı Emisyon Envanteri Raporu 1990-2009, Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu.
  • UNDP; (2006), “The Clean Development Mechanism: an Assessment of Prog- ress”, UNDP Environment and Energy Group 2006-10-31, Internet Address: /indexAction. cfm?, Date of Access: 10.02.2011.
  • http://www.energyandenvironment.undp.org/undp
  • UNFCC; (2001), Proposal to Amend the List in Annexes I and II to the Convention by Removing the Name of Turkey, FCCC/SBI/2001/L.8. Decision 7/CP.7,SBI, Internet Address: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/ cop7/11.pdf, Date of Access: 09.12.2013.
  • UNFCC; (2011), “Draft Decision- Establishment of an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, Durban”, Internet Add- ress: http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/durban_nov_2011/decisions/application/ pdf /cop17_durban platform.pdf, Date of Access: 03.02.2011.
  • UNFCC; (2012); “Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi”, Internet Address: http://unfccc.int, Date of Access: 09.12.2012
  • UZMEN, Reşat; (2007), Küresel Isınma ve İklim Değişikliği, Birinci Baskı, İstanbul: Bile Kültür Sanat.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Mehmet Mercan This is me

Etem Karakaya This is me

Publication Date May 18, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2013 Issue: 42

Cite

APA Mercan, M., & Karakaya, E. (2015). SERA GAZI SALIMININ AZALTIMINDA ALTERNATİF POLİTİKALARIN EKONOMİK MALİYETLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN GENEL DENGE ANALİZİ. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(42), 123-159.

Ethical Principles and Ethical Guidelines

The Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences places great emphasis on publication ethics, which serve as a foundation for the impartial and reputable advancement of scientific knowledge. In this context, the journal adopts a publishing approach aligned with the ethical standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and is committed to preventing potential malpractice. The following ethical responsibilities, established based on COPE’s principles, are expected to be upheld by all stakeholders involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publishers, reviewers, and editors).

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors
Make decisions on submissions based on the quality and originality of the work, its alignment with the journal's aims and scope, and the reviewers’ evaluations, regardless of the authors' religion, language, race, ethnicity, political views, or gender.
Respond to information requests from readers, authors, and reviewers regarding the publication and evaluation processes.
Conduct all processes without compromising ethical standards and intellectual property rights.
Support freedom of thought and protect human and animal rights.
Ensure the peer review process adheres to the principle of double-blind peer review.
Take full responsibility for accepting, rejecting, or requesting changes to a manuscript and ensure that conflicts of interest among stakeholders do not influence these decisions.
Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
Submitted works must be original. When utilizing other works, proper and complete citations and/or references must be provided.
A manuscript must not be under review by another journal simultaneously.
Individuals who have not contributed to the experimental design, implementation, data analysis, or interpretation should not be listed as authors.
If requested during the review process, datasets used in the manuscript must be provided to the editorial board.
If a significant error or mistake is discovered in the manuscript, the journal’s editorial office must be notified.
For studies requiring ethical committee approval, the relevant document must be submitted to the journal. Details regarding the ethical approval (name of the ethics committee, approval document number, and date) must be included in the manuscript.
Changes to authorship (e.g., adding or removing authors, altering the order of authors) cannot be proposed after the review process has commenced.
Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
Accept review assignments only in areas where they have sufficient expertise.
Agree to review manuscripts in a timely and unbiased manner.
Ensure confidentiality of the reviewed manuscript and not disclose any information about it, during or after the review process, beyond what is already published.
Refrain from using information obtained during the review process for personal or third-party benefit.
Notify the journal editor if plagiarism or other ethical violations are suspected in the manuscript.
Conduct reviews objectively and avoid conflicts of interest. If a conflict exists, the reviewer should decline the review.
Use polite and constructive language during the review process and avoid personal comments.
Publication Policy
The Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a free, open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal that has been in publication since 1981. The journal welcomes submissions in Turkish and English within the fields of economics, business administration, public finance, political science, public administration, and international relations.

No submission or publication fees are charged by the journal.
Every submitted manuscript undergoes a double-blind peer review process and similarity/plagiarism checks via iThenticate.
Submissions must be original and not previously published, accepted for publication, or under review elsewhere.
Articles published in the journal can be cited under the Open Access Policy and Creative Commons license, provided proper attribution is given.
The journal is published three times a year, in April, August, and December. It includes original, high-quality, and scientifically supported research articles and reviews in its listed fields. Academic studies unrelated to these disciplines or their theoretical and empirical foundations are not accepted. The journal's languages are Turkish and English.

Submissions are first subject to a preliminary review for format and content. Manuscripts not meeting the journal's standards are rejected by the editorial board. Manuscripts deemed suitable proceed to the peer review stage.

Each submission is sent to at least two expert reviewers. If both reviews are favorable, the article is approved for publication. In cases where one review is positive and the other negative, the editorial board decides based on the reviews or may send the manuscript to a third reviewer.

Articles published in the journal are open access and can be cited under the Creative Commons license, provided proper attribution is made.