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Year 2013, Issue: 42, 193 - 210, 18.05.2015

Haydar Özbek Hayriye Atik

Abstract

It is important that the place of Turkey among the developed countries in terms of the innovation indicators should be analyzed and determined correctly so that Turkey could catch up a sustainable development. In this study, cluster analysis which is one of the multivariable statistical methods has been implemented by using the 13 innovation indicators, these indicators have been chosen from European Innovation Scoreboard for 2010 which contains 25 indicators and it is also aimed that the place of Turkey should be determined among the European countries in terms of these indicators. It is also determined that which fields we should focus on primarily, based on these innovation indices. In this study, These countries were clustered into 4 sets based on the hierarchical clustering analysis by using the 13 innovation indices of 29 countries. Turkey is in the

Keywords

Innovation Innovation Scoreboard Clustering Analysis

References

  • ARTIS, Mike and Wenda ZHANG; (1998), “Core and Periphery in EMU: A Cluster Analysis”, METU Conference on Economics, Ankara: METU.
  • ATBAŞ, Azize ve Celile GÜNAY; (2008), “Kümeleme Analizinde Küme Sayı- sının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Li- sans Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • ATİK, Hayriye; (1998), “A Multivariate Analysis to the Measurement of Deve- lopment for Turkey: A Comparison with Europe and Asia”. Globaliza- tion at the Crossroads: The Next Millenium: 1998 Annual Confe- rence, 28-31 May, İstanbul, pp.51-65.
  • ATİK, Hayriye and Sailesh TANNA; (1999), “Informatisation in the European Union: A Comparison with USA and Japan”. Business and Economics Society International 1999 Conference, 22-26 July, Canarya Islands: Las Palmas Gran Canaria.
  • ATİK, Hayriye and Clive COLLIS; (2000), “Core and Periphery in the Euro- pean Union Information Economy: A Multivariate Analysis”, Yapı Kredi Economic Review, 11( 2), pp.3-20.
  • ATİK, Hayriye; (2009), “The Measurement of eGovernment Readiness and eGovernment Performance for Turkey: A Multivariate Analysis”. In- ternational Conference on eGovernment and eGovernance, 12-13 March, Ankara, pp.251-261.
  • AYDIN, Üzeyir ve Ahmet OĞUZ; (2008), “Teknolojik Yenilik ve Buluşçuluk İçin Türkiye Eğitim ve İnsan Kaynakları Stratejisi”, 6. Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi, 26-28 Aralık 2008, İstanbul.
  • Commission of the European Communuties (CEC); (1994), “Europe and the Global Information Society: Recommendation of the High level Group of on the Information Society (Bangemann Group)” Bulletin of the Eu- ropean Union, Supplement, 2/94, pp.10-39.
  • EC (European Commission); (2006a), “Global Innovation Scoreboard”, Internet Adress: www.proinnoeurope.eu/ScoreBoards/corebard2006/ pdf/eis2006globalinnovationreport, Date of Access: 11.11.2008.
  • EC (European Commission); (2006b), European Trend Chart on Innova- tion.
  • EKİZCELEROĞLU, Caner; (2001), “Türkiye’de Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Bilgi Yo- ğun Malların Dış Ticareti (1969-2009)”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 30 (1), ss. 209-228.
  • ERKEKOĞLU, Hatice ve Kıvanç H. ARIÇ; (2013), “APEC Ülkeleri ve Türki- ye’nin Bilgi Toplumu Kriterleri Açısından İstatistiksel Analizi ve Bazı Tespitler”, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(1), ss. 103-114.
  • ERSÖZ, Filiz; (2009), “Avrupa İnovasyon Göstergeleri (EIS) Işığında Türki- ye’nin Konumu”, İTÜ Dergisi, 6(1), ss. 3-16.
  • Eurostat; (2010), “Employment in Knowledge-Intensive Activities (KIA) as % of Total Employment”, Internet Adress: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/ statistics_explained/index.php/Employment_in_knowledgeintensive _activities_(KIA)_as_%25_of_total_employment,Date 01.26.2012. of Access:
  • Eurostat; (2010), “European Patent Applications Filed with the EPO”, Internet Adress: http://www.epo.org/about-us/statistics/patent-applications.html, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • Eurostat; (2010), “Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D by Sector, 2005 and of 2010 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php?title=File :Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_R%26D_by_sector,_2005_and_2010 _(%25_share_of_GDP).png&filetimestamp=20121016060835, Date of Access: 01.26.2012. GDP)”, Internet Adress:
  • Eurostat; (2010), “High-Tech Exports % of Exports”, Internet Adress: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/download.do?tab=table&plugin=1 &language=en&pcode=tin00140, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • GIDENGIL, L. Elisabeth; (1978), “Centres and Peripheries: An Empirical Test of Galtung’s Theory of Imperialisim”, Journal of Peace Research, 55(1), pp.51-66.
  • HUBERT, Lawrence; (1974), “Approximate Evaluation Techniques Fort he Single-Link and Complete-Link Hierarchical Clustering Procedures”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, pp. 698-704.
  • JACQUEMIN, Alexis and André SAPIR; (1995), “Is a European Hard-Core Credible? A Statsitical Analysis”. CEPR Discussion Paper, No.1242.
  • NAFGIZER, E. Wayne; (2006), Economic Development, New York: Camb- ridge University Press.
  • OECD, EUROSTAT; (2006), Oslo Kılavuzu: Yenilik Verilerinin Toplanması ve Yorumlanması İçin İlkeler, Çev.: TÜBİTAK, Ankara: TÜBİTAK Yayını.
  • OHIM; (2010), “Statistics on Community Trade Marks, Community Designs and Appelas”, Internet Adress: http://oami.europa.eu/ows/rw /pages/ OHIM/ statistics.en.do, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • ÖZBEK, Haydar; (2013), “İnovasyon Göstergeleri Açısından Türkiye’nin Av- rupa Birliği Ülkeleri Arasındaki Yeri: Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Bir Analiz”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kayseri: Erciyes Üniver- sitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • ÖZDAMAR, Kazım; (2004), Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler) 2, Beşinci Baskı, İstanbul: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • SAYGILI, Şeref; (2003), Bilgi Ekonomisine Geçiş Sürecinde Türkiye Eko- nomisinin Dünyadaki Konumu, Ankara: DPT Yayını.
  • The World Bank; (2009), “Scientific And Technical Journal Articles”, Internet Adress: https://data.worlbank.org/indicator/IP.JRN.ARTC.SC, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • The World Bank; (2010), “Education Statistics”, Internet Adress: http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=3&id=4,Date of Ac- cess: 01.26.2012.
  • The World Bank; (2010), “Fixed Broadband Internet Subscribers (per 100 people)”, tor/IT.NET.BBND.P2, Date of Access: 01.26.2012. Adress:
  • http://data.worldbank.org/ indica
  • The World Bank; (2010), “ High-Technology Exports (% of Manufactured Exports)”,Internet TX.VAL. TECH.MF.ZS, Date of Access: 01.26.2012. Adress:
  • http://data.worldbank.org/ indicator/
  • TÜSİAD; (2003), Ulusal İnovasyon Sistemi Kavramsal Çerçeve, Türkiye İncelemesi ve Ülke Örnekleri, İstanbul: TÜSİAD Yayını.

İNOVASYON GÖSTERGELERİ BAKIMINDAN TÜRKİYE’NİN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ ARASINDAKİ YERİ: İSTATİSTİKSEL BİR ANALİZ

Year 2013, Issue: 42, 193 - 210, 18.05.2015

Haydar Özbek Hayriye Atik

Abstract

Türkiye’nin sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefine ulaşmada inovasyondan yararlanabilmesi için, her şeyden önce inovasyon göstergeleri açısından kalkınmış ülkeler arasındaki yerinin doğru analizi ve tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 2010 yılı Avrupa İnovasyon Karnesi’nin (European Inovation Scorboard),  25 göstergesi arasından Türkiye’nin verilerinin olduğu 13 inovasyon göstergesi kullanılarak, çok değişkenli istatistik yöntemlerden biri olan kümeleme analizi uygulanmış ve Türkiye’nin bu göstergelere göre Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkeleri arasında nerede bulunduğunun tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca inovasyon göstergelerine göre öncelikli olarak hangi alanlara odaklanması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada 29 ülkenin 13 inovasyon göstergesi kullanılarak, yapılan hiyerarşik kümeleme analizine göre bu ülkeler 4 küme halinde gruplanmışlardır. Bu kümeler arasında Türkiye 3. kümede yer almıştır. Buna göre 3. kümede; Bulgaristan, Çek Cumhuriyeti, İtalya, Letonya, Polonya, Portekiz, Romanya, Slovenya, Slovakya, Hırvatistan ve Türkiye bulunmaktadır. Bu analizler sonucunda Türkiye, AB’ye en son 2007 yılında katılan Bulgaristan ve Romanya ile aynı kümede yer alarak benzer bir inovasyon performansına sahip olmuştur. 

Keywords

İnovasyon İnovasyon Karnesi Kümeleme Analizi.

References

  • ARTIS, Mike and Wenda ZHANG; (1998), “Core and Periphery in EMU: A Cluster Analysis”, METU Conference on Economics, Ankara: METU.
  • ATBAŞ, Azize ve Celile GÜNAY; (2008), “Kümeleme Analizinde Küme Sayı- sının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Li- sans Tezi, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • ATİK, Hayriye; (1998), “A Multivariate Analysis to the Measurement of Deve- lopment for Turkey: A Comparison with Europe and Asia”. Globaliza- tion at the Crossroads: The Next Millenium: 1998 Annual Confe- rence, 28-31 May, İstanbul, pp.51-65.
  • ATİK, Hayriye and Sailesh TANNA; (1999), “Informatisation in the European Union: A Comparison with USA and Japan”. Business and Economics Society International 1999 Conference, 22-26 July, Canarya Islands: Las Palmas Gran Canaria.
  • ATİK, Hayriye and Clive COLLIS; (2000), “Core and Periphery in the Euro- pean Union Information Economy: A Multivariate Analysis”, Yapı Kredi Economic Review, 11( 2), pp.3-20.
  • ATİK, Hayriye; (2009), “The Measurement of eGovernment Readiness and eGovernment Performance for Turkey: A Multivariate Analysis”. In- ternational Conference on eGovernment and eGovernance, 12-13 March, Ankara, pp.251-261.
  • AYDIN, Üzeyir ve Ahmet OĞUZ; (2008), “Teknolojik Yenilik ve Buluşçuluk İçin Türkiye Eğitim ve İnsan Kaynakları Stratejisi”, 6. Bilgi, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Kongresi, 26-28 Aralık 2008, İstanbul.
  • Commission of the European Communuties (CEC); (1994), “Europe and the Global Information Society: Recommendation of the High level Group of on the Information Society (Bangemann Group)” Bulletin of the Eu- ropean Union, Supplement, 2/94, pp.10-39.
  • EC (European Commission); (2006a), “Global Innovation Scoreboard”, Internet Adress: www.proinnoeurope.eu/ScoreBoards/corebard2006/ pdf/eis2006globalinnovationreport, Date of Access: 11.11.2008.
  • EC (European Commission); (2006b), European Trend Chart on Innova- tion.
  • EKİZCELEROĞLU, Caner; (2001), “Türkiye’de Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Bilgi Yo- ğun Malların Dış Ticareti (1969-2009)”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 30 (1), ss. 209-228.
  • ERKEKOĞLU, Hatice ve Kıvanç H. ARIÇ; (2013), “APEC Ülkeleri ve Türki- ye’nin Bilgi Toplumu Kriterleri Açısından İstatistiksel Analizi ve Bazı Tespitler”, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(1), ss. 103-114.
  • ERSÖZ, Filiz; (2009), “Avrupa İnovasyon Göstergeleri (EIS) Işığında Türki- ye’nin Konumu”, İTÜ Dergisi, 6(1), ss. 3-16.
  • Eurostat; (2010), “Employment in Knowledge-Intensive Activities (KIA) as % of Total Employment”, Internet Adress: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/ statistics_explained/index.php/Employment_in_knowledgeintensive _activities_(KIA)_as_%25_of_total_employment,Date 01.26.2012. of Access:
  • Eurostat; (2010), “European Patent Applications Filed with the EPO”, Internet Adress: http://www.epo.org/about-us/statistics/patent-applications.html, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • Eurostat; (2010), “Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D by Sector, 2005 and of 2010 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php?title=File :Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_R%26D_by_sector,_2005_and_2010 _(%25_share_of_GDP).png&filetimestamp=20121016060835, Date of Access: 01.26.2012. GDP)”, Internet Adress:
  • Eurostat; (2010), “High-Tech Exports % of Exports”, Internet Adress: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/download.do?tab=table&plugin=1 &language=en&pcode=tin00140, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • GIDENGIL, L. Elisabeth; (1978), “Centres and Peripheries: An Empirical Test of Galtung’s Theory of Imperialisim”, Journal of Peace Research, 55(1), pp.51-66.
  • HUBERT, Lawrence; (1974), “Approximate Evaluation Techniques Fort he Single-Link and Complete-Link Hierarchical Clustering Procedures”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, pp. 698-704.
  • JACQUEMIN, Alexis and André SAPIR; (1995), “Is a European Hard-Core Credible? A Statsitical Analysis”. CEPR Discussion Paper, No.1242.
  • NAFGIZER, E. Wayne; (2006), Economic Development, New York: Camb- ridge University Press.
  • OECD, EUROSTAT; (2006), Oslo Kılavuzu: Yenilik Verilerinin Toplanması ve Yorumlanması İçin İlkeler, Çev.: TÜBİTAK, Ankara: TÜBİTAK Yayını.
  • OHIM; (2010), “Statistics on Community Trade Marks, Community Designs and Appelas”, Internet Adress: http://oami.europa.eu/ows/rw /pages/ OHIM/ statistics.en.do, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • ÖZBEK, Haydar; (2013), “İnovasyon Göstergeleri Açısından Türkiye’nin Av- rupa Birliği Ülkeleri Arasındaki Yeri: Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Bir Analiz”, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kayseri: Erciyes Üniver- sitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • ÖZDAMAR, Kazım; (2004), Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler) 2, Beşinci Baskı, İstanbul: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • SAYGILI, Şeref; (2003), Bilgi Ekonomisine Geçiş Sürecinde Türkiye Eko- nomisinin Dünyadaki Konumu, Ankara: DPT Yayını.
  • The World Bank; (2009), “Scientific And Technical Journal Articles”, Internet Adress: https://data.worlbank.org/indicator/IP.JRN.ARTC.SC, Date of Access: 01.26.2012.
  • The World Bank; (2010), “Education Statistics”, Internet Adress: http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=3&id=4,Date of Ac- cess: 01.26.2012.
  • The World Bank; (2010), “Fixed Broadband Internet Subscribers (per 100 people)”, tor/IT.NET.BBND.P2, Date of Access: 01.26.2012. Adress:
  • http://data.worldbank.org/ indica
  • The World Bank; (2010), “ High-Technology Exports (% of Manufactured Exports)”,Internet TX.VAL. TECH.MF.ZS, Date of Access: 01.26.2012. Adress:
  • http://data.worldbank.org/ indicator/
  • TÜSİAD; (2003), Ulusal İnovasyon Sistemi Kavramsal Çerçeve, Türkiye İncelemesi ve Ülke Örnekleri, İstanbul: TÜSİAD Yayını.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Haydar Özbek This is me

Hayriye Atik

Publication Date May 18, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2013 Issue: 42

Cite

APA Özbek, H., & Atik, H. (2015). İNOVASYON GÖSTERGELERİ BAKIMINDAN TÜRKİYE’NİN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ ARASINDAKİ YERİ: İSTATİSTİKSEL BİR ANALİZ. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(42), 193-210.

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