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Mültecilere Yönelik Yerel Entegrasyon Politikalarında Çok Düzeyli Yönetişim Uygulamaları

Year 2021, Issue: 60, 119 - 143, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.928175

Abstract

Uluslararası göç bağlamında yerel entegrasyon küresel, ulusal ve yerel siyasette sıkça tartışılan konular arasında yer almaktadır. Mültecilerin Hukuki Statüsüne İlişkin 1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi uyarınca mültecilere ev sahipliği yapan ülkeler tarafından tanınması öngörülen hukuki, sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik haklar çerçevesi yerel entegrasyon politikalarıyla yakından ilişkili hale gelmiştir. Nitekim Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği’nin (BMMYK) mülteciler konusunda önerdiği gönüllü geri dönüş ve üçüncü ülkeye yerleştirme gibi kalıcı çözümlerin uygulamada sınırlı kalması, yerel entegrasyon dinamiklerinin anlaşılmasını önemli kılmaktadır. Son yıllarda uluslararası göçmenlerin yoğunlukla kentlerde yerel topluluklarla birlikte yaşaması, yerelleşmeye dayalı entegrasyon politikalarına dikkat çekerek, özellikle belediyeler gibi yerelde başlıca hizmet sağlayıcı aktörlerin bu süreçteki kritik rolünü ortaya koymaktadır. Belediyeler ise yerel entegrasyon politikalarında başarıya ulaşmak, diğer bir deyişle toplumun tüm bireylerine yönelik kültürel ve ekonomik fırsatları çeşitlendirilebilmek amacıyla mültecilere hizmet sağladıkları temel alanlarda yerel, ulusal ve küresel iş birlikleri geliştirmeye yönelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı yerel entegrasyon politikalarının uygulanmasında çok düzeyli yönetişim modelinin rolünü incelemektir. Bu bağlamda çalışma öncelikle yerel entegrasyon ve çok düzeyli yönetişime dair literatürde yer alan mevcut kavramsal tartışmalara değinmekte, belediyelerin yerel entegrasyon sürecindeki rolünü değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada çok düzeyli yönetişim modeli çerçevesinde geliştirilen yerel entegrasyon politikalarının olumlu katkılarını göstermek amacıyla Türkiye ve dünyada çeşitli belediyelerin iyi uygulama örneklerine yer verilmektedir.

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Implementation of Multi-Level Governance in The Context of Local İntegration Policies for Refugees

Year 2021, Issue: 60, 119 - 143, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.928175

Abstract

Local integration in the context of international migration has become a widely discussed subject in international, national and local politics. The legal, social, political and economic rights framework enshrined in the 1951 Refugee Convention are often materialised in the local integration policies adopted by host countries. Given that voluntary return and third country resettlement, the two other durable solutions recommended by the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), remain limited in implementation, understanding the dynamics of local integration becomes even more critical. As international migrants are increasingly settled in urban settings, integration policies become localised to a great extent, revealing the critical role of local service providers, municipalities in particular, within this process. In the meantime, municipalities resort to forming local, national and international partnerships in provision of services to refugees in their attempt to deliver successful local integration policies by diversifying cultural and economic opportunities for all their residents. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of multi-level governance model in the implementation of local integration policies. To this objective, it initially provides a review of the literature on local integration and multi-level governance while assessing the role of municipalities within this process. Furthermore, the study emphasises the positive contribution of multi-level governance model on integration policies by elaborating examples of good practice adopted by municipalities in Turkey and beyond.

References

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  • Ager, A. ve Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: a conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2):166-191. doi:10.1093/jrs/fen016
  • Akar, S. ve Erdoğdu, M.M. (2019). Syrian refugees in Turkey and integration problem aheads. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 20(3): 925-940. doi:10.1007/s12134-018-0639-0
  • Alba, R. (1999). Immigration and the American realities of assimilation and multiculturalism. Sociological Forum, 14(1): 3-25.
  • Amen, M., Toly, N., McCarney, P. ve Segbers, K. (2011). Introduction. Mark Amen, Noah Toly, Patricia McCarney ve Klaus Segbers (Eds). Cities And Global Governance: New Sites For International Relations içinde (s. 1-11). Londra, Birleşik Krallık: Ashgate.
  • Bache, I. ve Flinders, M. (2004). Multi-Level Governance and British Politics. Ian Bache ve Matthew Flinders (Eds.). Multi-Level Governance içinde (s. 93-106). Oxford, İngiltere: Oxford University Press.
  • Barın, H. (2019). Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin entegrasyonunda sivil toplum kuruluşlarının rolü: Ankara örneği (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Betts, A. (2017). Zorunlu Göç ve Küresel Politika. (S. M. Türkaslan, Çev.). Ankara: Hece Yayınları.
  • Betts, A. , A. Ali, ve Memişoğlu, F. (2017). Local politics and the Syrian refugee crisis: exploring responses in Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford. Erişim adresi: www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/local-politics-and-syrian-refugee-crisis_report-web.pdf
  • Betts, A., Memişoğlu, F. ve Ali, A. (2020). What diffrence do mayors make? the role of municipal authorities in Turkey and Lebanon’s response to Syrian Refugees. Journal of Refugee Studies. Çevrimiçi ön yayın. doi: 10.1093/jrs/feaa011
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  • Callet-Ravat, L. ve Madore, M. (2016). The role of municipalities of Turkey and Lebanon in the Syrian migratory influx management, United Cities and Local Governments Middle East and West Asia Section. Erişim adresi: http://uclg-mew.org/uploads/file/a543e16140c0424a9a0b51afca15938a/Middle_Eastern_Urban_Forced_Migrants-urkey-Final-Version2.pdf
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  • Castles, S. (2010). Understanding global migration: a social transformation perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10): 1565-1586. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2010.489381
  • Castles, S. ve Davidson, A. (2000). Citizenship and migration: globalization and the politics of belonging. Londra, Birleşik Kırallık: Macmillan Press.
  • Castles, S. ve J. Miller, M. (2008). Göçler çağı modern dünyada uluslararası göç hareketleri. (Bülent U. Bal ve İbrahim Akbulut, Çev.). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Castles, S., Korac, M., Vasta, E. ve Vertovec, S. (2001). Integration: mapping the field. Centre for Migration and Policy Research and Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford web sitesinden erişildi: https://forcedmigrationguide.pbworks.com/w/page/7447907/Integration%3A%20Mapping%20the%20Field
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  • Crisp, J. (2004). The local integration and local settlement of refugees: a conceptual and historical analysis. New Issues In Refugee Research, working paper no 102. UNHCR. Erişim adresi: https://www.unhcr.org/research/working/407d3b762/local-integration-local-settlement-refugees-conceptual-historical-analysis.html
  • Daoudov, M. (2015). Türkiye’de yabancıların uyumunda yerel yönetimlerin rolü rapor. Yakup Bulut (Ed.) Uluslararası Göç Ve Mülteci Uyumu Sorununda Kamu Yönetiminin Rolü içinde (s. 39-64). Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Büşra Aygün 0000-0001-6084-7148

Fulya Memisoglu 0000-0001-8113-813X

Publication Date December 25, 2021
Acceptance Date July 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 60

Cite

APA Aygün, B., & Memisoglu, F. (2021). Mültecilere Yönelik Yerel Entegrasyon Politikalarında Çok Düzeyli Yönetişim Uygulamaları. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(60), 119-143. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.928175

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