Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

THE EFFECT OF PROACTIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS ON GREEN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Year 2022, Issue: 61, 17 - 42, 29.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.962995

Abstract

Globalization, technology, ecology, climate change, pollution, green... While it is possible to increase similar concepts, the concept of sustainability, which is frequently mentioned today, must have come to mind. Sustainability that initiates change by integrating the environmental efforts of organizations into their business strategies, sometimes green hospital, sometimes zero waste, sometimes it finds its place in health institutions with green behaviors. The important question is who will initiate the change. In response, proactive people who are aware of the change and have the ability to turn their direction to a livable order can be given. Proactive personality appears as an inherent personality trait of the individual in accordance with the Social Learning Theory. It is thought that this intersects with the sustainable pro-environmental behaviors that constitute the starting point of the study. In this study, in which a sustainable perspective is discussed, the effect of the proactive personality trait of healthcare workers on green organizational behavior has been tried to be determined, and has 390 participants. Environmental sensitivity, environmental participation, economic sensitivity, green purchasing and technological sensitivity are the dimensions of green organizational behavior. As a result of the research, it was concluded that proactive personality has a positive effect on green organizational behavior and its dimensions.

References

  • Abid, G., Arya, B., Arshad, A., Ahmed, S., Farooqi, S. (2021). Positive personality traits and self-leadership in sustainable organizations: Mediating influence of thriving and moderating role of proactive personality, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 299-311.
  • Ahmad, S. (2015) Green Human Resource Management: Policies and practices, Cogent Business & Management, 2(1), 1-13.
  • Ahmed, M., Guo, Q., Qureshi, M.A., Raza, S.A., Khan, K.A., & Salam, J. (2021). Do green HR practices enhance green motivation and proactive environmental management maturity in hotel industry?, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94.
  • Amrutha, V.N. & Geetha, S.N. (2021). Linking organizational green training and voluntary workplace green behavior: Mediating role of green supporting climate and employees’ green satisfaction, Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 1-12.
  • Bandura, A. (2001). “Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective,” Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26.
  • Bateman, T.S. & Crant, J.M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: a measure and correlates, Journal of organizational behavior, 14, 103-118.
  • Caracuel, J.A., Torres, N.E.H., & Correa, J.A.A. (2012). Does international experience help firms to be green? A knowledge-based view of how international experience and organisational learning influence proactive environmental strategies, International Business Review, 21(5), 847-861.
  • Dai, J., Cantor, D.E., & Montabon, F.L. (2017). Examining corporate environmental proactivity and operational performance: A strategy-structure-capabilities-performance perspective within a green context, International Journal of Production Economics, 193, 272-280.
  • Ergen, A., Bozkurt, F., & Giray, C. (2016). Activism: A Strong Predictor of Proactive Environmentally Friendly Buying Behavior in Turkey. International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science, 3, 130-142.
  • Eroymak, S., İzgüden, D., Erdem, R. (2018). “Çalışanların Yeşil Davranışının Kavramsal Çerçevede İncelenmesi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3), 961-971.
  • Gedik, Ö. (2020). Endüstri 4.0’ın Teknoloji Kabul Modeli Çerçevesinde Sağlık Sektörüne Yansımaları: Bir Uygulama. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Govindarajulu, N., & Daily, B.F. (2004). Motivating employees for environmental improvement, Industrial Management Data Systems, 104, 364-372. Grant, A.M. & Ashford, S.J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3-34.
  • Guerci, M., & Pedrini, M. (2014). The consensus between Italian HR and sustainability managers on HR management for sustainability-driven change – towards a 'strong' HR management system. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(13), 1787-1814.
  • Guerci, M., Longoni, A., & Luzzini, D. (2016). Translating stakeholder pressures into environmental performance – the mediating role of green HRM practices, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(2), 262-289.
  • Holmner, A., Rocklöv, J., Nawi, Ng., and Nilsson M. (2012). “Climate change and e-Health: a promising strategy for health sector mitigation and adaptation”, Global Health Action, 5, 1-9.
  • Jerónimo, H.M., Henriques, P.L., Lacerda, T.C., Silva, F.P., & Vieira, P.R. (2020). Going green and sustainable: The influence of green HR practices on the organizational rationale for sustainability. Journal of Business Research, 112, 413-421.
  • Kuşat, N. (2012). “Sürdürülebilir İşletmeler İçin Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik ve İçsel Unsurları”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 227-242.
  • Li, W.D., Fay, D., Frese, M., Harms, P.D., Gao, X.Y. (2014). Reciprocal relationship between proactive personality and work characteristics. A latent change score approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 948–965.
  • Liu, Y., Zhu, Q., & Seuring, S. (2017). Linking capabilities to green operations strategies: The moderating role of corporate environmental proactivity, International Journal of Production Economics, 187, 182-195.
  • Loi, R., Liu, Y., Lam, L.W., & Xu, A.J. (2016). Buffering emotional job demands: The interplay between proactive personality and team potency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95-96, 128-137.
  • Lülfs, R., & Hahn, R. (2014). Sustainable behavior in the business sphere: Acomprehensive overview of the explanatory power of psychologicalmodels. Organization and Environment, 27(1), 43-64.
  • Mansur, F. ve Korkmaz, S. (2020). Sağlık Hizmeti Kullanıcılarının Yeşil Hastane Farkındalık Düzeylerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Çalışma. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 827-850.
  • Mo, Z., & Liu, M. (2019). Proactive Personality and Employee Workplace Green Behavior: Applying Theory of Planned Behavior.
  • Morelli, J. (2011). “Environmental sustainability: A Definition for Environmental Professionals”, Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Neneh, B.N. (2019). From entrepreneurial intentions to behavior: The role of anticipated regret and proactive personality, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 311-324.
  • Norton, T.A., Parker, S. L., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N.M. (2015). Employeegreen behavior: A theoretical framework, multilevel review, and futureresearch agenda. Organization & Environment, 28(1), 103-125.
  • Ocak, E.A. (2021). “Plastik Kirliliği”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 54(639), 24-39.
  • Paille, P. & Raineri, N. (2015). Linking perceived corporate environmental policies and employees’ eco-initiatives: the influence of perceived organizational support and psychological contract breach. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2404-2411.
  • Patterson, J., Schulz, K., Vervoort, J., van der Hel, S., Widerberg, O., Adler, C., Hurlbert, M., Anderton, K., Sethi, M., & Barau, A. (2017). Exploring the governance and politics of transformations towards sustainability. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 24, 1-16.
  • Pinhoa, C., Franco, M., & Mendes, L. (2020). Exploring the conditions of success in e-libraries in the higher education context through the lens of the social learning theory. Information & Management, 57(4), 1-11.
  • Pinzone, M., Guerci, M., Lettieri, E., & Huisingh, D. (2019). Effects of ‘green’ training on pro-environmental behaviors and job satisfaction: Evidence from the Italian healthcare sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 221-232.
  • Pinzone, M., Guerci, M., Lettieri, E., & Redman, T. (2016). Progressing in the change journey towards sustainability in healthcare: the role of ‘Green’ HRM, Journal of Cleaner Production, 122, 201-211.
  • Pluess, M. (2015). Individual differences in environmental sensitivity, Child Development Perspectives, 9(3), 138–143.
  • Sambasivan, M., Bah, S.M., & Ann, H.J. (2013). Making the case for operating “Green”: impact of environmental proactivity on multiple performance outcomes of Malaysian firms, Journal of Cleaner Production, 42, 69-82.
  • Scholza, G., & Methne, N. (2020). A social learning and transition perspective on a climate change project in South Africa. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 34, 322-335.
  • Seibert, S.E., Crant, J.M., and Kraimer, M.L. (1999). "Proactive Personality and Career Success," Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416-427.
  • Singh, S.K. & El-Kassar, A.N. (2019). Role of big data analytics in developing sustainable capabilities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 1264-1273.
  • Su, L., and Swanson, S.R. (2019). “Perveived corporate social responsibility’s impact on the well-being and supportive green behaviors of hotel employees: The mediating role of the employee-corporate relationship”, Tourism Management, 72, 437-450.
  • Teng, H.Y & Chen, C.Y. (2019). Proactive personality and job crafting in the tourism industry: Does job resourcefulness matter?, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, 110-116.
  • Tidball, K.G., & Aktipis, A. (2018). Feedback enhances greening during disaster recovery: A model of social and ecological processes in neighborhood scale investment, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 34, 269-280.
  • Unsworth, K.L., Davis, M.C., Russell, S.V., & Bretter, C. (2021). Employee green behaviour: How organizations can help the environment, Current Opinion in Psychology, 42, 1-6.
  • Van Mierlo, B., & Beers, P.J. (2018). Understanding and governing learning in sustainability transitions: a review. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 34, 255-269.
  • Vanwalleghem, D. & Mirowska, A. (2020). The investor that could and would: The effect of proactive personality on sustainable investment choice, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 26, 1-5.
  • Wang, H., Guo, T., & Tang, Q. (2021). The effect of national culture on corporate green proactivity, Journal of Business Research, 131, 140-150.
  • Wiernik, B. M., Dilchert, S., and Ones, D. S. (2016). “Age and Employee Green Behaviors: A metaanalysis”, Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1-15.
  • Yolcu, İ.U., ve Çakmak, A.F. (2017). “Proaktif Kişilik ile Proaktif Çalışma Davranışı İlişkisi Üzerinde Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Etkisi”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 13(2), 72-438.
  • Young, W., Davis, M., McNeill, I.M., Malhotra, B., Russell, S., Unsworth, K., & Clegg, C.W. (2015). Changing behaviour: Successful environmentalprogrammes in the workplace. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), 689-703.

SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PROAKTİF KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİĞİNİN YEŞİL ÖRGÜTSEL DAVRANIŞA ETKİSİ

Year 2022, Issue: 61, 17 - 42, 29.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.962995

Abstract

Küreselleşme, teknoloji, ekoloji, iklim değişikliği, kirlilik, yeşil… Benzer kavramları artırmak mümkünken bu haliyle bile günümüzde adından sıklıkla söz ettiren sürdürülebilirlik kavramı akıllara gelmiş olmalı. Kurumların çevresel çabalarını iş yapma stratejilerine entegre ederek değişimi başlatan sürdürülebilirlik, kimi zaman yeşil hastane, kimi zaman sıfır atık, kimi zaman da yeşil davranışlar ile sağlık kurumlarında kendine yer bulmaktadır. Burada önemli olan soru değişimi kimin başlatacağıdır. Yanıt olarak değişimin farkında olan ve yönünü yaşanabilir bir düzene çevirme özeliğine sahip proaktif kişiler verilebilir. Proaktif kişilik, Sosyal Öğrenme Kuramı gereğince bireyin kendi doğasında var olan bir kişilik özelliği olarak belirmektedir. Bunun ise çalışmanın hareket noktasını oluşturan sürdürülebilir çevre yanlısı davranışlar ile kesiştiği düşünülmektedir. Sürdürülebilir bir bakış açısının ele alındığı bu çalışmada, sağlık çalışanlarının proaktif kişilik özelliğinin yeşil örgütsel davranışa etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaya dâhil olan sağlık çalışanı sayısı 390’dır. Yeşil örgütsel davranış boyutlarını çevresel duyarlılık, çevresel katılım, ekonomik duyarlılık, yeşil satın alma ve teknolojik duyarlılık oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda proaktif kişiliğin yeşil örgütsel davranış ve boyutları üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Abid, G., Arya, B., Arshad, A., Ahmed, S., Farooqi, S. (2021). Positive personality traits and self-leadership in sustainable organizations: Mediating influence of thriving and moderating role of proactive personality, Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 299-311.
  • Ahmad, S. (2015) Green Human Resource Management: Policies and practices, Cogent Business & Management, 2(1), 1-13.
  • Ahmed, M., Guo, Q., Qureshi, M.A., Raza, S.A., Khan, K.A., & Salam, J. (2021). Do green HR practices enhance green motivation and proactive environmental management maturity in hotel industry?, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94.
  • Amrutha, V.N. & Geetha, S.N. (2021). Linking organizational green training and voluntary workplace green behavior: Mediating role of green supporting climate and employees’ green satisfaction, Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 1-12.
  • Bandura, A. (2001). “Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective,” Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26.
  • Bateman, T.S. & Crant, J.M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: a measure and correlates, Journal of organizational behavior, 14, 103-118.
  • Caracuel, J.A., Torres, N.E.H., & Correa, J.A.A. (2012). Does international experience help firms to be green? A knowledge-based view of how international experience and organisational learning influence proactive environmental strategies, International Business Review, 21(5), 847-861.
  • Dai, J., Cantor, D.E., & Montabon, F.L. (2017). Examining corporate environmental proactivity and operational performance: A strategy-structure-capabilities-performance perspective within a green context, International Journal of Production Economics, 193, 272-280.
  • Ergen, A., Bozkurt, F., & Giray, C. (2016). Activism: A Strong Predictor of Proactive Environmentally Friendly Buying Behavior in Turkey. International Journal of Research In Business and Social Science, 3, 130-142.
  • Eroymak, S., İzgüden, D., Erdem, R. (2018). “Çalışanların Yeşil Davranışının Kavramsal Çerçevede İncelenmesi”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(3), 961-971.
  • Gedik, Ö. (2020). Endüstri 4.0’ın Teknoloji Kabul Modeli Çerçevesinde Sağlık Sektörüne Yansımaları: Bir Uygulama. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Govindarajulu, N., & Daily, B.F. (2004). Motivating employees for environmental improvement, Industrial Management Data Systems, 104, 364-372. Grant, A.M. & Ashford, S.J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 3-34.
  • Guerci, M., & Pedrini, M. (2014). The consensus between Italian HR and sustainability managers on HR management for sustainability-driven change – towards a 'strong' HR management system. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(13), 1787-1814.
  • Guerci, M., Longoni, A., & Luzzini, D. (2016). Translating stakeholder pressures into environmental performance – the mediating role of green HRM practices, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(2), 262-289.
  • Holmner, A., Rocklöv, J., Nawi, Ng., and Nilsson M. (2012). “Climate change and e-Health: a promising strategy for health sector mitigation and adaptation”, Global Health Action, 5, 1-9.
  • Jerónimo, H.M., Henriques, P.L., Lacerda, T.C., Silva, F.P., & Vieira, P.R. (2020). Going green and sustainable: The influence of green HR practices on the organizational rationale for sustainability. Journal of Business Research, 112, 413-421.
  • Kuşat, N. (2012). “Sürdürülebilir İşletmeler İçin Kurumsal Sürdürülebilirlik ve İçsel Unsurları”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 227-242.
  • Li, W.D., Fay, D., Frese, M., Harms, P.D., Gao, X.Y. (2014). Reciprocal relationship between proactive personality and work characteristics. A latent change score approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 948–965.
  • Liu, Y., Zhu, Q., & Seuring, S. (2017). Linking capabilities to green operations strategies: The moderating role of corporate environmental proactivity, International Journal of Production Economics, 187, 182-195.
  • Loi, R., Liu, Y., Lam, L.W., & Xu, A.J. (2016). Buffering emotional job demands: The interplay between proactive personality and team potency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 95-96, 128-137.
  • Lülfs, R., & Hahn, R. (2014). Sustainable behavior in the business sphere: Acomprehensive overview of the explanatory power of psychologicalmodels. Organization and Environment, 27(1), 43-64.
  • Mansur, F. ve Korkmaz, S. (2020). Sağlık Hizmeti Kullanıcılarının Yeşil Hastane Farkındalık Düzeylerini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Çalışma. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3), 827-850.
  • Mo, Z., & Liu, M. (2019). Proactive Personality and Employee Workplace Green Behavior: Applying Theory of Planned Behavior.
  • Morelli, J. (2011). “Environmental sustainability: A Definition for Environmental Professionals”, Journal of Environmental Sustainability, 1(1), 1-9.
  • Neneh, B.N. (2019). From entrepreneurial intentions to behavior: The role of anticipated regret and proactive personality, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 311-324.
  • Norton, T.A., Parker, S. L., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N.M. (2015). Employeegreen behavior: A theoretical framework, multilevel review, and futureresearch agenda. Organization & Environment, 28(1), 103-125.
  • Ocak, E.A. (2021). “Plastik Kirliliği”, Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 54(639), 24-39.
  • Paille, P. & Raineri, N. (2015). Linking perceived corporate environmental policies and employees’ eco-initiatives: the influence of perceived organizational support and psychological contract breach. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2404-2411.
  • Patterson, J., Schulz, K., Vervoort, J., van der Hel, S., Widerberg, O., Adler, C., Hurlbert, M., Anderton, K., Sethi, M., & Barau, A. (2017). Exploring the governance and politics of transformations towards sustainability. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 24, 1-16.
  • Pinhoa, C., Franco, M., & Mendes, L. (2020). Exploring the conditions of success in e-libraries in the higher education context through the lens of the social learning theory. Information & Management, 57(4), 1-11.
  • Pinzone, M., Guerci, M., Lettieri, E., & Huisingh, D. (2019). Effects of ‘green’ training on pro-environmental behaviors and job satisfaction: Evidence from the Italian healthcare sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 221-232.
  • Pinzone, M., Guerci, M., Lettieri, E., & Redman, T. (2016). Progressing in the change journey towards sustainability in healthcare: the role of ‘Green’ HRM, Journal of Cleaner Production, 122, 201-211.
  • Pluess, M. (2015). Individual differences in environmental sensitivity, Child Development Perspectives, 9(3), 138–143.
  • Sambasivan, M., Bah, S.M., & Ann, H.J. (2013). Making the case for operating “Green”: impact of environmental proactivity on multiple performance outcomes of Malaysian firms, Journal of Cleaner Production, 42, 69-82.
  • Scholza, G., & Methne, N. (2020). A social learning and transition perspective on a climate change project in South Africa. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 34, 322-335.
  • Seibert, S.E., Crant, J.M., and Kraimer, M.L. (1999). "Proactive Personality and Career Success," Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416-427.
  • Singh, S.K. & El-Kassar, A.N. (2019). Role of big data analytics in developing sustainable capabilities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 213, 1264-1273.
  • Su, L., and Swanson, S.R. (2019). “Perveived corporate social responsibility’s impact on the well-being and supportive green behaviors of hotel employees: The mediating role of the employee-corporate relationship”, Tourism Management, 72, 437-450.
  • Teng, H.Y & Chen, C.Y. (2019). Proactive personality and job crafting in the tourism industry: Does job resourcefulness matter?, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, 110-116.
  • Tidball, K.G., & Aktipis, A. (2018). Feedback enhances greening during disaster recovery: A model of social and ecological processes in neighborhood scale investment, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 34, 269-280.
  • Unsworth, K.L., Davis, M.C., Russell, S.V., & Bretter, C. (2021). Employee green behaviour: How organizations can help the environment, Current Opinion in Psychology, 42, 1-6.
  • Van Mierlo, B., & Beers, P.J. (2018). Understanding and governing learning in sustainability transitions: a review. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 34, 255-269.
  • Vanwalleghem, D. & Mirowska, A. (2020). The investor that could and would: The effect of proactive personality on sustainable investment choice, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 26, 1-5.
  • Wang, H., Guo, T., & Tang, Q. (2021). The effect of national culture on corporate green proactivity, Journal of Business Research, 131, 140-150.
  • Wiernik, B. M., Dilchert, S., and Ones, D. S. (2016). “Age and Employee Green Behaviors: A metaanalysis”, Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1-15.
  • Yolcu, İ.U., ve Çakmak, A.F. (2017). “Proaktif Kişilik ile Proaktif Çalışma Davranışı İlişkisi Üzerinde Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Etkisi”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 13(2), 72-438.
  • Young, W., Davis, M., McNeill, I.M., Malhotra, B., Russell, S., Unsworth, K., & Clegg, C.W. (2015). Changing behaviour: Successful environmentalprogrammes in the workplace. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), 689-703.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Fatma Mansur 0000-0002-0336-6329

Özlem Gedik 0000-0003-0840-0765

Early Pub Date April 28, 2022
Publication Date April 29, 2022
Acceptance Date October 13, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 61

Cite

APA Mansur, F., & Gedik, Ö. (2022). SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ PROAKTİF KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİĞİNİN YEŞİL ÖRGÜTSEL DAVRANIŞA ETKİSİ. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(61), 17-42. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.962995

TRDizinlogo_live-e1586763957746.pnggoogle-scholar.jpgopen-access-logo-1024x416.pngdownload.jpgqMV-nsBH.pngDRJI-500x190.jpgsobiad_2_0.pnglogo.pnglogo.png  arastirmax_logo.gif17442EBSCOhost_Flat.png?itok=f5l7Nsj83734-logo-erih-plus.jpgproquest-300x114.jpg

ERÜ İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2021 | iibfdergi@erciyes.edu.tr

Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-Gayri Ticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. 

 88x31.png