Abstract
TThe purpose of this study was to determine and compare the trade competitiveness of Turkish, Polish and Czech automotive industries which has, since the year 2000, significant shares in their manufacturing sectors in terms of production and exports. In measuring the country’s international competitiveness, we have utilised two different Revealed Comparative Advantage indices (RCA) developed by both Balassa and Vollrath. In our analyses, trade data for the period 2001-2019, which are compiled with respect to the Harmonized System (HS4) at the 4-digit level, have been used. The result of RCA2 tests for the automotive sector shows that Poland since 2004, Turkey and Czechia since 2001 all obtained competitive power, while the result of RCA1 tests indicates that Czechia has a relatively more competitive power than Turkey and Poland. In addition, from the result of the sub-sectoral RCA1 tests one can conclude that Turkey has a more competitive power than Czechia and Poland in the exports of passenger and goods carrying vehicles that equipped with the mid-level technologies, while Czechia has a medium level competitive power, but still more than Turkey and Poland in the exports of private cars and their equipments and parts that are equipped with the high technologies. On the other hand, looking at the RCA2 test results one can possibly argue that Turkey has a more competitive power than Czechia and Poland in the exports of goods carrying vehicles, while Czechia has a more competitive power than Turkey and Poland in the exports of private cars.
Keywords
References
- Ankara Sanayi Odası, ASO. (2017). Motorlu kara taşıtları sektörü, Erişim adresi https://aso.org.tr/
- Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalisation and revealed comparative advantage, Manchester School of Economic Social Studies, 33(2), 99-123.
- -------, (1989). Comparative advantage, trade policy and economic development, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
- Bulinski, J. (2010). The automotive industry in Poland, Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency, Ekim.
- Çetin, R. (2020). Türkiye’nin motorlu kara taşıtları ve demir-çelik sektörlerindeki küresel rekabet gücünün değerlendirilmesi. M.Y. Alptekin (Ed.), SOSYAL BİLİMLERDE 2020 GÜNDEMİ: Türkiye ve Doğu Karadeniz kitabı içinde (ss.164-185), Serander Yayınevi: Trabzon.
- Czech Invest, (2009). Automotive industry in the Czech Republic, Investment and Business Development Agency.
- Dalum, B, Laursen, K, ve Villumsen, G. (1998). Structural change in OECD export specialisation patterns: de-specialisation and stickiness, International Review of Applied Economics, 12(3), 423-443.
- Halesiak, A., Mrowczynski, K., Ferrazzi, M., ve Orame, A. (2007). The automotive sector in CEE: what’s next?, UniCredit Group/Bank Austria, Erişim Adresi https://bankaustria.at/
- Hinloopen, J. ve Van Marrewijk, C. (2001). On the empirical distribution of the Balassa index, Review of World Economics, 137(1), 1-26.
- Hluskova, T. (2019). Competitiveness outlook of the automotive industry in the V4countries, Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia, 12(41), 24-33.
- International Organization for Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, OICA. (2018). Erişim adresi http://www.oica.net/
- International Trade Center, ITC. (2020). Erişim adresi https://www.trademap.org/
- Kurekova, L.M. (2018). The automotive industry in Central Europe: A success? IZA World of Labor, Erişim adresi https://wol.ıza.org/
- Liesner, H. (1958). The European Common Market and British industry, The Economic Journal, 68, 302-316.
- Michalski, B. (2014). Competitivenes of Polish mid-tech and high-tech exports to the Europrean Union (EU-27) in the first decade of 21st century, Poznan University of Economics Review, 14(4), 54-70.
- Pişkin, S. (2017), Otomotiv sektör raporu: Türkiye otomotiv sanayii rekabet gücü ve talep dinamikleri perspektifinde 2020 iç pazar beklentileri. Türkiye Sanayi Kalkınma Bankası, Ekonomik Araştırmalar.
- Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency, (2013). The automotive sector in Poland: sector profile, the Ministry of the Economy.
- Polish Economic Institute, PIE. (2019). The automotive industry in the Visegrad Group countries, Erişim adresi https://pie.net.pl/
- Otomotiv Sanayii Derneği, OSD. (2018). 2018 yılı istatistikler, Erişim adresi http://www.osd.org.tr/
- TÜİK, (2018). Yıllık sanayi ve hizmet istatistikleri 2017, Erişim adresi https://data.tuik.gov.tr/
- Vakıflar Bankası, (2003). Otomotiv sektörü, Sektör Araştırmaları Serisi, No: 28, Erişim adresi https://vakifbank.com.tr/
- Vollrath, T.L. (1991). A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127, 265-280.
- Vosta, M. ve Kocourek, A. (2016). Competitiveness of the European automobile industry in the global context, Politics in Central Europe, 13(1), 69-86.
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye, Polonya ve Çekya’nın imalat sanayinde üretim ve ihracat bakımından nispi payları 2000 yılından itibaren giderek artan motorlu kara taşıtları sektöründeki küresel rekabet gücünün hesaplanması ve dönem içerisindeki değişmelerin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada rekabet gücünün hesaplanmasında Balassa ve Vollrath tarafından geliştirilen iki farklı Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlük (RCA) endeksi kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde 4 hane düzeyinde Harmonize Sınıflandırma (HS4) sistemine göre derlenen 2001-2019 dönemine ait dış ticaret verileri kullanılmıştır. Otomotiv sektörü için hesaplanan RCA2 endekslerinden, Polonya’nın 2004 yılından itibaren, Türkiye ve Çekya’nın 2001 yılından itibaren rekabet gücüne kavuştuğu, RCA1 endekslerinden ise Çekya’nın Türkiye ve Polonya’dan daha yüksek bir rekabet gücüne sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca, otomotiv sektörünün 4 haneli ürün grupları için hesaplanan RCA1 endekslerinden, Türkiye’nin orta düzeyde teknolojik donanıma sahip iki ürünün (yolcu ve eşya taşımaya mahsus taşıtlar) ihracatında Polonya ve Çekya’dan daha yüksek bir rekabet gücüne sahip olduğu, Çekya’nın ise yüksek teknolojik donanıma sahip iki ürünün (binek otomobil ve bunların aksamı ve parçaları) ihracatında orta düzeyde, ancak diğer iki ülkeden daha yüksek bir rekabet gücüne sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan RCA2 endekslerine bakıldığında, Türkiye’nin eşya taşımaya mahsus taşıtların ihracatında Polonya ve Çekya’dan daha yüksek bir rekabet gücüne sahip olduğu, Çekya’nın ise binek otomobil ihracatında Türkiye ve Polonya’dan daha yüksek bir rekabet gücüne sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
References
- Ankara Sanayi Odası, ASO. (2017). Motorlu kara taşıtları sektörü, Erişim adresi https://aso.org.tr/
- Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalisation and revealed comparative advantage, Manchester School of Economic Social Studies, 33(2), 99-123.
- -------, (1989). Comparative advantage, trade policy and economic development, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
- Bulinski, J. (2010). The automotive industry in Poland, Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency, Ekim.
- Çetin, R. (2020). Türkiye’nin motorlu kara taşıtları ve demir-çelik sektörlerindeki küresel rekabet gücünün değerlendirilmesi. M.Y. Alptekin (Ed.), SOSYAL BİLİMLERDE 2020 GÜNDEMİ: Türkiye ve Doğu Karadeniz kitabı içinde (ss.164-185), Serander Yayınevi: Trabzon.
- Czech Invest, (2009). Automotive industry in the Czech Republic, Investment and Business Development Agency.
- Dalum, B, Laursen, K, ve Villumsen, G. (1998). Structural change in OECD export specialisation patterns: de-specialisation and stickiness, International Review of Applied Economics, 12(3), 423-443.
- Halesiak, A., Mrowczynski, K., Ferrazzi, M., ve Orame, A. (2007). The automotive sector in CEE: what’s next?, UniCredit Group/Bank Austria, Erişim Adresi https://bankaustria.at/
- Hinloopen, J. ve Van Marrewijk, C. (2001). On the empirical distribution of the Balassa index, Review of World Economics, 137(1), 1-26.
- Hluskova, T. (2019). Competitiveness outlook of the automotive industry in the V4countries, Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia, 12(41), 24-33.
- International Organization for Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, OICA. (2018). Erişim adresi http://www.oica.net/
- International Trade Center, ITC. (2020). Erişim adresi https://www.trademap.org/
- Kurekova, L.M. (2018). The automotive industry in Central Europe: A success? IZA World of Labor, Erişim adresi https://wol.ıza.org/
- Liesner, H. (1958). The European Common Market and British industry, The Economic Journal, 68, 302-316.
- Michalski, B. (2014). Competitivenes of Polish mid-tech and high-tech exports to the Europrean Union (EU-27) in the first decade of 21st century, Poznan University of Economics Review, 14(4), 54-70.
- Pişkin, S. (2017), Otomotiv sektör raporu: Türkiye otomotiv sanayii rekabet gücü ve talep dinamikleri perspektifinde 2020 iç pazar beklentileri. Türkiye Sanayi Kalkınma Bankası, Ekonomik Araştırmalar.
- Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency, (2013). The automotive sector in Poland: sector profile, the Ministry of the Economy.
- Polish Economic Institute, PIE. (2019). The automotive industry in the Visegrad Group countries, Erişim adresi https://pie.net.pl/
- Otomotiv Sanayii Derneği, OSD. (2018). 2018 yılı istatistikler, Erişim adresi http://www.osd.org.tr/
- TÜİK, (2018). Yıllık sanayi ve hizmet istatistikleri 2017, Erişim adresi https://data.tuik.gov.tr/
- Vakıflar Bankası, (2003). Otomotiv sektörü, Sektör Araştırmaları Serisi, No: 28, Erişim adresi https://vakifbank.com.tr/
- Vollrath, T.L. (1991). A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127, 265-280.
- Vosta, M. ve Kocourek, A. (2016). Competitiveness of the European automobile industry in the global context, Politics in Central Europe, 13(1), 69-86.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | August 28, 2022 |
| Publication Date | August 30, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | May 10, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Issue: 62 |
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