Research Article
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DETERMINANTS OF EXTERNAL DEBT FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE IMPACTS OF WORKERS’ REMITTANCES

Year 2024, Issue: 67, 55 - 60, 30.04.2024

Ayşe Arı

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1291328

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effect of workers’ remittances on foreign debt. For this purpose, we analyzed the upper-middle income countries for the period 1998-2019 by employing the GMM (generalized method of moments) estimator. According to the results of the analysis, workers’ remittances affect foreign debt negatively. Other variables that have a negative impact on external debt are openness and domestic savings. It has been also determined that inflation, government expenditure and nominal exchange rate have positive effects on foreign debt. In this case, it can be said that policies which encourage savings, remittances and foreign trade should be implemented in order to reduce dependence on foreign debt. In addition, targeting a low inflation rate, exchange rate and budget deficit may contribute to reduction of the external borrowing burden.

Keywords

external debt workers' remittances developing countries

References

  • Abbas, S., ve Wizarat, S. (2018). Military expenditure and external debt in south Asia: A panel data analysis. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 24(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2017-0045
  • Abd Rahman, N.H., Ismail, S., Abd Samad, K., Handayani, B.D., Rahman, Y.A., ve Sakitri, W. (2022). The Effects of Regulatory Performance on the Debt–Growth Relationship: Cases of Upper-Middle-Income Economies. Economies 10(10), 235, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10100235
  • Abdullahi, M.M., Bakar, N.A.A., ve Hassan, S.B. (2015). Determining the macroeconomic factors of external debt accumulation in Nigeria: An ARDL bound test approach. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 745 – 752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.098
  • Adamu, I. M. (2019). Re-visiting the drivers for increasing external debt. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought, 9 (June): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.37134/jcit.vol9. 5.2019
  • Adane, O., Mulugeta, W., ve Melaka. T. (2018). Determinants of external debt in Ethiopia. Horn of Africa Journal of Business and Economics (HAJBE), 1(2), 1-16. https://ejhs.ju.edu.et/index.php/jbeco/article/view/604
  • Aladejare, S.A. (2023). How significant is trade, macroeconomic management, and economic integration for foreign indebtedness in West African Countries? https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2559805/v1
  • Al-Fawwaz, T. M. (2016). Determinants of external debt in Jordan: an empirical study (1990-2014). International Business Research, 9(7),116-123.http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n7p116
  • Anderson, T. W., ve Hsiao, C. (1981). Estimation of dynamic models with error components, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76(375), 598–606. https://doi.org/10.2307/2287517
  • Anoruo, E., Young, D., ve Ahmad, Y. (2006). Dynamics of external debts among heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs): A Panel data approach. Journal of International Business Research, 5(1), 41-52. https://www.proquest.com/docview/215464075/fulltextPDF/70A594DEF1024388PQ/1?accountid=12398
  • Arellano, M. B., ve Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies,58(2), 277–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297968
  • Asghar, N., Amjad, M. A., ve Rehman, H. (2022). Historical perspective of external debt in Pakistan: identifying key determinants/strategies. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 8(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v8i1.427
  • Atique, R., ve Malik, K. (2012). Impact of domestic and external debt on the economic growth of Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(1), 120-129. DOI:10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.20.01.1621
  • Awan, A., Asghar, N., ve Rehman, H. (2011). The impact of exchange rate, fiscal deficit and terms of trade on external debt of Pakistan: a cointegration and causality analysis. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(3), 10-24. 10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110103A02
  • Awan, R.U., Anjum, A., ve Rehim, S. (2014). An econometric analysis of determinants of external debt. A case of Pakistan. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 5(4), 382–391. DOI:https://doi.org/10.9734/BJEMT/2015/8837
  • Azolibe, C. B. (2020). Determinants of external indebtedness in heavily indebted poor countries: What macroeconomic and socio-economic factors matter?. The American Economist, 66(2),1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0569434520938326
  • Beyene, S. D., ve Kotosz, B.(2020a). Macroeconomic determinants of external indebtedness of Ethiopia: ardl approach to cointegration. Society and Economy, 42(3),313–332. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2020.00013.
  • Beyene, S. D., ve Kotosz, B. (2020b). Determinants of external indebtedness in heavily indebted poor countries: an empirical evidence using panel - corrected standard error regression. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 1(67),229-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jaes.v15.1(67).21
  • Brafu-Insaidoo, W. G., Ahiakpor, F., Vera Ogeh, F., ve William, G. C. (2019). Macro-determinants of short-term foreign debt in Ghana. Cogent Economics and Finance, 7(1), 1630161. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1630161.
  • Chiminya, A., Dunne, J. P., ve Nikolaidou, E. (2018). The determinants of external debt in sub-Saharan Africa. School of Economics Macroeconomics Discussion Paper Series, No: 2018-02, School of Economics, University of Cape Town. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxzb2VtYWNyb2Vjb3xneDo2MmE4M2MxMDFhNzJiMTNh
  • Choong, C.K., Lau, E., Liew, V.K.S., ve Puah, C.H. (2010). Does debts foster economic growth? The experience of Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 4(8), 1564-1575. https://www.internationalscholarsjournals.com/articles/does-debts-foster-economic-growth-the-experience-of-malaysia.pdf
  • Chuku, A. C. (2013). Analysis of external debt dynamics in ECOWAS economies. Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review, 51(2), 93–114. https://dc.cbn.gov.ng/efr/vol51/iss2/4/
  • Danish, M.H., Jamshaid, F., ve Shahzadi, S. (2022). Macroeconomic determinants of external debt in selected SAARC countries: a panel data analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 341-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7087785
  • Dawood, M., Baidoo, S.T., ve Shah, S.M.R. (2021). An empirical investigation into the determinants of external debt in Asian developing and transitioning economies. Development Studies Research, 8(1), 253-263. DOI:10.1080/21665095.2021.1976658
  • Demikha, L., Shaharuddin, A. ve Edris, M.M.A.M. (2021). The Macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Ottoman Empire: a study of data from 1881–1913. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 18(1), 120-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v18i1.336
  • Din, M.U., Saeed, K., Khattak, S.W., Fatima, A., Imtiaz, S., ve Ullah, S. (2020). Macroeconomic Determinants of Foreign Indebtedness: Evidence from Pakistan. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 19 (2), 117-130. http://www.ashwinanokha.com/resources/v19-2-10-Samiullah%20Farooq-December%202020.pdf
  • Fatukasi, B., Kolawole, B.G., Falade, A.O.O., ve Ayeomonı, I.O. (2020). Determinants of external debt in Nigeria: insecurity as the prevalent issue. International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 2(2),1-8. https://www.ijmsssr.org/paper/IJMSSSR00102.pdf
  • Haider, A., ve Ali, A. (2015). Socio-Economic determinants of crimes: a cross-sectional study of punjab districts. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 3(11), 550-560. http://tesdo.org/shared/upload/pdf/papers/IJEER,%203_11_,%20550-560%20.pdf
  • Hakimi, A., Boussaada, R., ve Karmani, M. (2019). External debt, investment, and economic growth: a seemingly unrelated regression model for low-ıncome countries. Journal of Economic Integration, 34(4), 725-745. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26820392
  • Hussain, A., ve Chani, M. I. (2018). Remittances, foreign debt and economic growth: a cross country analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 7(2), 59-71. https://bbejournal.com/index.php/BBE/article/view/175/131
  • Khan, L., Arif, I. & Waqar, S. (2021). The impact of military expenditure on external debt: The case of 35 arms importing countries. Defence and Peace Economics, 35(5), 588–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2020.1723239
  • Khan, M., ve Jalil, A. (2020). Determinants of interest margin in Pakistan: a panel data analysis. Economies, 8(25), 1-13. doi:10.3390/economies8020025
  • Lau, E., ve Lee, A.S.Y. (2016). Determinants of external debt in Thailand and the Philippines. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1973-1980. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/2151/pdf
  • Mahara, T.S., ve Dhakal, S. (2020). Macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Nepal: The ARDL Approach. Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2(2), 275-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v2i2.33299
  • Mensah, D., Aboagye, A.Q.Q., Abor, J.Y., ve Kyereboah-Coleman, A. (2017). External debt among HIPCs in Africa: Accounting and panel VAR analysis of some determinant. Journal of Economic Studies, 44(3), 431 – 455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2015-0080
  • Mijiyawa, A.G., ve Oloufade, D.K. (2022). Effect of remittance inflows on external debt in developing countries. Open Economies Review, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-022-09675-5
  • Mulugeta, E.T. (2021). Macroeconomic determinants of external debt accumulation in ethiopia: an ardl bound testing approach. African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 1-28. DOI: 10.52589/AJESD-5CHIK2TR.
  • Omar, Z.M., ve Ibrahim, M.I. (2021). Determinants of external debt: the case of Somalia. Asian Development Policy Review, 9(1), 33-43. DOI: 10.18488/journal.107.2021.91.33.43
  • Pyeman, J., Noor, N. H. H. M., Mohamad, W. M. F. W., ve Yahya, A. A. (2014). Factors affecting external debt in Malaysia: An empirical investigation. In Proceedings of the 1st AAGBS International Conference on Business Management 2014 (AiCoBM 2014), 449-455.Springer
  • Rahman, N. H., Ismail, S., ve Rıdzuan, A.R. (2021). Ageing population and external debt: an empirical investigation. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 22(2), 410–423. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13690
  • Saxena, S.P., ve Shanker, I. (2020). Determinants of external debt in India. Business Analyst, A Refereed Journal of SRCC, 41(1), 81-94. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3860063
  • Waheed, A., ve Abbas, S. (2021). Determinants and sustainability of external debt: a panel data analysis for selected islamic countries, MPRA Paper, No. 107486. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/107486/
  • Waheed, A. (2017). Determinants of external debt: a panel data analysis for oil and gas exporting and importing countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 234-240. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3742

GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER İÇİN DIŞ BORÇLARIN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: İŞÇİ DÖVİZLERİ ETKİSİ

Year 2024, Issue: 67, 55 - 60, 30.04.2024

Ayşe Arı

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1291328

Abstract

Bu çalışmada işçi dövizlerinin dış borçlar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla üst-orta gelir grubu ülkeler 1998-2019 dönemi için GMM (genelleştirilmiş momentler yöntemi) tahmincisi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre işçi dövizleri dış borçları negatif etkilemektedir. Dış borçlar üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip diğer değişkenlerin ise dışa açıklık ve yurtiçi tasarruflar olduğu görülmüştür. Enflasyon, kamu harcaması ve nominal döviz kurunun ise dış borçları pozitif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumda dış borçlara bağımlılığın azaltılması için tasarrufları, işçi dövizlerini ve dış ticareti teşvik edici politikaların uygulanması gerektiği söylenebilir. İlaveten düşük bir enflasyon oranı, döviz kuru ve bütçe açığının hedeflenmesi dış borçlanma yükünün azalmasına katkı sağlayabilecektir.

Keywords

dış borçlar işçi dövizleri gelişmekte olan ülkeler

References

  • Abbas, S., ve Wizarat, S. (2018). Military expenditure and external debt in south Asia: A panel data analysis. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 24(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2017-0045
  • Abd Rahman, N.H., Ismail, S., Abd Samad, K., Handayani, B.D., Rahman, Y.A., ve Sakitri, W. (2022). The Effects of Regulatory Performance on the Debt–Growth Relationship: Cases of Upper-Middle-Income Economies. Economies 10(10), 235, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10100235
  • Abdullahi, M.M., Bakar, N.A.A., ve Hassan, S.B. (2015). Determining the macroeconomic factors of external debt accumulation in Nigeria: An ARDL bound test approach. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 745 – 752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.098
  • Adamu, I. M. (2019). Re-visiting the drivers for increasing external debt. Journal of Contemporary Issues and Thought, 9 (June): 40–53. https://doi.org/10.37134/jcit.vol9. 5.2019
  • Adane, O., Mulugeta, W., ve Melaka. T. (2018). Determinants of external debt in Ethiopia. Horn of Africa Journal of Business and Economics (HAJBE), 1(2), 1-16. https://ejhs.ju.edu.et/index.php/jbeco/article/view/604
  • Aladejare, S.A. (2023). How significant is trade, macroeconomic management, and economic integration for foreign indebtedness in West African Countries? https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2559805/v1
  • Al-Fawwaz, T. M. (2016). Determinants of external debt in Jordan: an empirical study (1990-2014). International Business Research, 9(7),116-123.http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n7p116
  • Anderson, T. W., ve Hsiao, C. (1981). Estimation of dynamic models with error components, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76(375), 598–606. https://doi.org/10.2307/2287517
  • Anoruo, E., Young, D., ve Ahmad, Y. (2006). Dynamics of external debts among heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs): A Panel data approach. Journal of International Business Research, 5(1), 41-52. https://www.proquest.com/docview/215464075/fulltextPDF/70A594DEF1024388PQ/1?accountid=12398
  • Arellano, M. B., ve Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies,58(2), 277–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2297968
  • Asghar, N., Amjad, M. A., ve Rehman, H. (2022). Historical perspective of external debt in Pakistan: identifying key determinants/strategies. Review of Economics and Development Studies, 8(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.47067/reads.v8i1.427
  • Atique, R., ve Malik, K. (2012). Impact of domestic and external debt on the economic growth of Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(1), 120-129. DOI:10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.20.01.1621
  • Awan, A., Asghar, N., ve Rehman, H. (2011). The impact of exchange rate, fiscal deficit and terms of trade on external debt of Pakistan: a cointegration and causality analysis. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(3), 10-24. 10.52283/NSWRCA.AJBMR.20110103A02
  • Awan, R.U., Anjum, A., ve Rehim, S. (2014). An econometric analysis of determinants of external debt. A case of Pakistan. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 5(4), 382–391. DOI:https://doi.org/10.9734/BJEMT/2015/8837
  • Azolibe, C. B. (2020). Determinants of external indebtedness in heavily indebted poor countries: What macroeconomic and socio-economic factors matter?. The American Economist, 66(2),1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0569434520938326
  • Beyene, S. D., ve Kotosz, B.(2020a). Macroeconomic determinants of external indebtedness of Ethiopia: ardl approach to cointegration. Society and Economy, 42(3),313–332. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2020.00013.
  • Beyene, S. D., ve Kotosz, B. (2020b). Determinants of external indebtedness in heavily indebted poor countries: an empirical evidence using panel - corrected standard error regression. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 1(67),229-242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jaes.v15.1(67).21
  • Brafu-Insaidoo, W. G., Ahiakpor, F., Vera Ogeh, F., ve William, G. C. (2019). Macro-determinants of short-term foreign debt in Ghana. Cogent Economics and Finance, 7(1), 1630161. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1630161.
  • Chiminya, A., Dunne, J. P., ve Nikolaidou, E. (2018). The determinants of external debt in sub-Saharan Africa. School of Economics Macroeconomics Discussion Paper Series, No: 2018-02, School of Economics, University of Cape Town. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxzb2VtYWNyb2Vjb3xneDo2MmE4M2MxMDFhNzJiMTNh
  • Choong, C.K., Lau, E., Liew, V.K.S., ve Puah, C.H. (2010). Does debts foster economic growth? The experience of Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 4(8), 1564-1575. https://www.internationalscholarsjournals.com/articles/does-debts-foster-economic-growth-the-experience-of-malaysia.pdf
  • Chuku, A. C. (2013). Analysis of external debt dynamics in ECOWAS economies. Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review, 51(2), 93–114. https://dc.cbn.gov.ng/efr/vol51/iss2/4/
  • Danish, M.H., Jamshaid, F., ve Shahzadi, S. (2022). Macroeconomic determinants of external debt in selected SAARC countries: a panel data analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 341-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7087785
  • Dawood, M., Baidoo, S.T., ve Shah, S.M.R. (2021). An empirical investigation into the determinants of external debt in Asian developing and transitioning economies. Development Studies Research, 8(1), 253-263. DOI:10.1080/21665095.2021.1976658
  • Demikha, L., Shaharuddin, A. ve Edris, M.M.A.M. (2021). The Macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Ottoman Empire: a study of data from 1881–1913. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 18(1), 120-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33102/jmifr.v18i1.336
  • Din, M.U., Saeed, K., Khattak, S.W., Fatima, A., Imtiaz, S., ve Ullah, S. (2020). Macroeconomic Determinants of Foreign Indebtedness: Evidence from Pakistan. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 19 (2), 117-130. http://www.ashwinanokha.com/resources/v19-2-10-Samiullah%20Farooq-December%202020.pdf
  • Fatukasi, B., Kolawole, B.G., Falade, A.O.O., ve Ayeomonı, I.O. (2020). Determinants of external debt in Nigeria: insecurity as the prevalent issue. International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research, 2(2),1-8. https://www.ijmsssr.org/paper/IJMSSSR00102.pdf
  • Haider, A., ve Ali, A. (2015). Socio-Economic determinants of crimes: a cross-sectional study of punjab districts. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 3(11), 550-560. http://tesdo.org/shared/upload/pdf/papers/IJEER,%203_11_,%20550-560%20.pdf
  • Hakimi, A., Boussaada, R., ve Karmani, M. (2019). External debt, investment, and economic growth: a seemingly unrelated regression model for low-ıncome countries. Journal of Economic Integration, 34(4), 725-745. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26820392
  • Hussain, A., ve Chani, M. I. (2018). Remittances, foreign debt and economic growth: a cross country analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 7(2), 59-71. https://bbejournal.com/index.php/BBE/article/view/175/131
  • Khan, L., Arif, I. & Waqar, S. (2021). The impact of military expenditure on external debt: The case of 35 arms importing countries. Defence and Peace Economics, 35(5), 588–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2020.1723239
  • Khan, M., ve Jalil, A. (2020). Determinants of interest margin in Pakistan: a panel data analysis. Economies, 8(25), 1-13. doi:10.3390/economies8020025
  • Lau, E., ve Lee, A.S.Y. (2016). Determinants of external debt in Thailand and the Philippines. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(4), 1973-1980. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/2151/pdf
  • Mahara, T.S., ve Dhakal, S. (2020). Macroeconomic determinants of external debt in Nepal: The ARDL Approach. Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 2(2), 275-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v2i2.33299
  • Mensah, D., Aboagye, A.Q.Q., Abor, J.Y., ve Kyereboah-Coleman, A. (2017). External debt among HIPCs in Africa: Accounting and panel VAR analysis of some determinant. Journal of Economic Studies, 44(3), 431 – 455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2015-0080
  • Mijiyawa, A.G., ve Oloufade, D.K. (2022). Effect of remittance inflows on external debt in developing countries. Open Economies Review, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11079-022-09675-5
  • Mulugeta, E.T. (2021). Macroeconomic determinants of external debt accumulation in ethiopia: an ardl bound testing approach. African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 1-28. DOI: 10.52589/AJESD-5CHIK2TR.
  • Omar, Z.M., ve Ibrahim, M.I. (2021). Determinants of external debt: the case of Somalia. Asian Development Policy Review, 9(1), 33-43. DOI: 10.18488/journal.107.2021.91.33.43
  • Pyeman, J., Noor, N. H. H. M., Mohamad, W. M. F. W., ve Yahya, A. A. (2014). Factors affecting external debt in Malaysia: An empirical investigation. In Proceedings of the 1st AAGBS International Conference on Business Management 2014 (AiCoBM 2014), 449-455.Springer
  • Rahman, N. H., Ismail, S., ve Rıdzuan, A.R. (2021). Ageing population and external debt: an empirical investigation. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 22(2), 410–423. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13690
  • Saxena, S.P., ve Shanker, I. (2020). Determinants of external debt in India. Business Analyst, A Refereed Journal of SRCC, 41(1), 81-94. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3860063
  • Waheed, A., ve Abbas, S. (2021). Determinants and sustainability of external debt: a panel data analysis for selected islamic countries, MPRA Paper, No. 107486. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/107486/
  • Waheed, A. (2017). Determinants of external debt: a panel data analysis for oil and gas exporting and importing countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 234-240. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/3742
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Theory of Economy
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ayşe Arı 0000-0002-8485-5932

Early Pub Date April 28, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Acceptance Date October 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 67

Cite

APA Arı, A. (2024). GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER İÇİN DIŞ BORÇLARIN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: İŞÇİ DÖVİZLERİ ETKİSİ. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(67), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1291328
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Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
Accept review assignments only in areas where they have sufficient expertise.
Agree to review manuscripts in a timely and unbiased manner.
Ensure confidentiality of the reviewed manuscript and not disclose any information about it, during or after the review process, beyond what is already published.
Refrain from using information obtained during the review process for personal or third-party benefit.
Notify the journal editor if plagiarism or other ethical violations are suspected in the manuscript.
Conduct reviews objectively and avoid conflicts of interest. If a conflict exists, the reviewer should decline the review.
Use polite and constructive language during the review process and avoid personal comments.
Publication Policy
The Journal of Erciyes University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences is a free, open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal that has been in publication since 1981. The journal welcomes submissions in Turkish and English within the fields of economics, business administration, public finance, political science, public administration, and international relations.

No submission or publication fees are charged by the journal.
Every submitted manuscript undergoes a double-blind peer review process and similarity/plagiarism checks via iThenticate.
Submissions must be original and not previously published, accepted for publication, or under review elsewhere.
Articles published in the journal can be cited under the Open Access Policy and Creative Commons license, provided proper attribution is given.
The journal is published three times a year, in April, August, and December. It includes original, high-quality, and scientifically supported research articles and reviews in its listed fields. Academic studies unrelated to these disciplines or their theoretical and empirical foundations are not accepted. The journal's languages are Turkish and English.

Submissions are first subject to a preliminary review for format and content. Manuscripts not meeting the journal's standards are rejected by the editorial board. Manuscripts deemed suitable proceed to the peer review stage.

Each submission is sent to at least two expert reviewers. If both reviews are favorable, the article is approved for publication. In cases where one review is positive and the other negative, the editorial board decides based on the reviews or may send the manuscript to a third reviewer.

Articles published in the journal are open access and can be cited under the Creative Commons license, provided proper attribution is made.