AB ÜLKELERİNİN DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜM PERFORMANSLARININ ENTROPİ TABANLI TOPSIS YÖNTEMİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 69, 195 - 203, 30.12.2024

Fulya Zarali , Zerrin Kılıçarslan , Yasemin Dumrul

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1540002

Öz

Dijital dönüşüm, yeni teknolojilerin gelişimi ve sosyo-ekonomik etkileri doğrultusunda gerçekleşen kapsamlı bir değişim sürecini ifade etmektedir. Dijital teknolojilerin yaygın olarak kullanılması, ekonomik, sosyal ve toplumsal açıdan çeşitli faydalar sağlamaktadır. Dijital dönüşüm, firmaların rekabet gücünü artırarak, değer yaratma ve sunma yöntemlerini geliştirmekte ve iş modellerinin yenilikçiliğine önemli katkılarda bulunmaktadır. Ülkelerin dijital dönüşümünün sunduğu fırsatları ve potansiyel tehditleri etkili bir şekilde değerlendirebilmesi, rekabet avantajı elde etmelerini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, DESI’yı kullanarak Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin dijital dönüşümünün Entropi tabanlı TOPSIS yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma sonucunda dijital teknolojinin entegrasyonunun, dört temel DESI boyutu içerisinde en önemli unsur olduğu görülmüştür. DESI performansı en yüksek olan AB ülkeleri Finlandiya, Danimarka ve İsveç iken, en düşük performansa sahip olan ülkeler ise Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve Romanya’dır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital Dönüşüm, DESI, Entropi Tabanlı TOPSIS

EVALUATION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PERFORMANCE OF EU COUNTRIES WITH ENTROPY-BASED TOPSIS METHOD

Öz

Digital transformation refers to a comprehensive change process that takes place in line with the development of new technologies and their socio-economic effects. The widespread use of digital technologies provides various economic, social, and societal benefits. Digital transformation increases the competitiveness of companies, improves their methods of creating and delivering value, and makes significant contributions to the innovation of business models. The ability of countries to effectively evaluate the opportunities and potential threats offered by digital transformation enables them to gain competitive advantage. This study aims to evaluate the digital transformation of the European Union countries using DESI with the Entropy-based TOPSIS method. As a result of the study, it was seen that the integration of digital technology is the most important element among the four basic DESI. The EU countries with the highest DESI performance are Finland, Denmark, and Sweden, while the countries with the lowest performance are Greece, Bulgaria, and Romania.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital Transformation, DESI, Entropy based TOPSIS, EU

Kaynakça

• Altıntaş, F. F. (2021). G20 Ülkelerinin Dijital Hazırlık Performanslarının Analizi: Entropi Tabanlı VİKOR Yöntemi İle Bir Uygulama. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 8(17), 401-427.
• Anthopoulos, L. G., Siozos, P., & Tsoukalas, I. A. (2007). Applying participatory design and collaboration in digital public services for discovering and re-designing e-Government services. Government Information Quarterly, 24(2), 353-376.
• Arce, M. E.,Saavedra, Á., Míguez, J. L., & Granada, E. (2015). The use of grey-based methods in multi-criteria decision analysis for the evaluation of sustainable energy systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 924-932.
• Arsić, S., & Gajić, M. (2021). Industry 4.0: Assessing the Level of Advanced Digital Technologies in the EU Countries Using Integrated Entropy-Topsis Methods. In International Scientific Conference UNITECH (Vol. 2, p. 133).
• Bousdekis, A., & Kardaras, D. (2020). Digital transformation of local government: A case study from Greece. In 2020 IEEE 22nd Conference on Business Informatics (CBI) (Vol. 2, pp. 131-140). IEEE.
• Bruno, G., Diglio, A., Piccolo, C., & Pipicelli, E. (2023). A reduced Composite Indicator for Digital Divide measurement at the regional level: An application to the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190, 122461.
• Bruno, G., Esposito, E., Genovese, A., & Gwebu, K. L. (2011). A Critical Analysis of Current Indexes for Digital Divide Measurement. The Information Society, 27(1), 16-28.
• Çınaroğlu, E. (2022). Entropi destekli MABAC yöntemi ile AB ülkeleri dijital dönüşüm performansı analizi. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, Dijitalleşme Özel Sayısı, 18-34.
• Desai, M., Fukuda-Parr, S., Johansson, C., & Sagasti, F. (2002). Measuring the technology achievement of nations and the capacity to participate in the network age. Journal of Human Development, 3(1), 95-122.
• Doru, Ö. Ü. S., Yıldırım, B., & Yazar, A. (2023). Analysing the Relationship Between Postmodernism and Digital Age Governance with Entropy and Mabac Methods: The Case of the 2022 EU Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) Report. Ege Academic Review, 23(1), 107-126.
• Dutta, S., & Lanvin, B. (2019). The network readiness index 2019. Washington: Portulans Institute. Ecer, F. (2020). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Geçmişten Günümüze Kapsamlı Bir Yaklaşım, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• European Comission, EC, (2020), International Digital Economy and Society Index, Final Report.
• European Commission, EC, (2021) Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/desi
• European Commission, EC, (2022a) Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/desi
• European Commission, EC, (2022b) Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI)-Methodological note, https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/digital-economy-and-society-index-desi-2022
• ITU (2003), Measuring the information society. Annual report of International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland https://www.itu.int/net/wsis/tunis/newsroom/stats/WorldTelecomDevelopmentReport-2003_E.pdf (2003)
• ITU (2007a) Measuring the information society, Annual report of International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ITU (2007b), Digital Opportunity Index 2007, International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland. Kahin, B. Digitization and the Digital Economy. Available at SSRN 2782906 (2016).
• Khan, S., Khan, S., & Aftab, M. (2015). Digitization and its impact on economy. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 5(2), 138-149.
• Koca, G. (2021). AB Ülkelerinin Dijital Dönüşüm Performanslarının ARAS Yöntemi ile İncelenmesi. Dijital Dönüşüm ve İşletmecilik, Efe Akademi Yayınları, 7-24.
• Małkowska, A., Urbaniec, M., & Kosała, M. (2021). The impact of digital transformation on European countries: Insights from a comparative analysis. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 16(2), 325-355.
• ORBICOM, I. (2005). From the digital divide to digital opportunities: Measuring info states for development. Montreal: Claude-Yves Charron.
• Osei, D. B. (2024). Digital infrastructure and innovation in Africa: Does human capital mediates the effect?.Telematics and Informatics, 89, 102111.
• Saçak, R., Gür, Ş., & Eren, T. (2020). Türkiye’nin Dijital Dönüşüm Yol Haritasında Yer Alan Stratejilerin TOPSIS Yöntemi İle Sıralanması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 335-346.
• Satı, Z. E. (2024). Comparison of the criteria affecting the digital innovation performance of the European Union (EU) member and candidate countries with the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and investigation of its importance for SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200, 123094.
• Sezen, H.K., & Briukhanova, N. (2021). Human capital dimension of digitalization: A comparative study on Turkey and Russia. Bursa Uludağ Journal of Economy and Society, 40(1), 1-14.
• Skare, M., de Obesso, M. D. L. M., & Ribeiro-Navarrete, S. (2023). Digital transformation and European small and medium enterprises (SMEs): A comparative study using digital economy and society index data. International Journal of Information Management, 68, 102594.
• Stavytskyy, A., Kharlamova, G., & Stoica, E. A. (2019). The analysis of the digital economy and society index in the EU. TalTech Journal of European Studies, 9(3), 245-261.
• Sun, G., Yin, D., Kong, T., & Yin, L. (2024). The impact of the integration of the digital economy and the real economy on the risk of stock price collapse. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 102373.
• Taherdoost, H., & Madanchian, M. (2023). Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods and concepts. Encyclopedia, 3(1), 77-87.
• Tuş, A., Öztaş, G. Z., Öztaş, T., Özçil, A., & Adalı, E. A. (2023). Türkiye’nin dijital dönüşüm endeksinin hesaplanması için alternatif bir yaklaşım: Bayesian BWM. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(8), 842-854.
• UNCTAD (2006), The Digital Divide Report: ICT Diffusion Index United Nations New York and Geneva, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/iteipc20065_en.pdf (2006)
• Weerakkody, V., Omar, A., El-Haddadeh, R., & Al-Busaidy, M. (2016). Digitally-enabled service transformation in the public sector: The lure of institutional pressure and strategic response towards change. Government Information Quarterly, 33(4), 658-668.
• Yuan, S., Musibau, H. O., Genç, S. Y., Shaheen, R., Ameen, A., & Tan, Z. (2021). Digitalization of economy is the key factor behind fourth industrial revolution: How G7 countries are overcoming with the financing issues?.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 165, 120533.
• Zerhouni, M. N., & Özarı, Ç. (2022). Assessment of international digital economy and society index using entropy based TOPSIS methods. Int. J. Recent Res. Commerce Econ. Manag., 9(2), 70-77.
• Zhao, H., Wang, Y., & Guo, S. (2023). A hybrid MCDM model combining Fuzzy-Delphi, AEW, BWM, and MARCOS for digital economy development comprehensive evaluation of 31 provincial level regions in China. Plos one, 18(4), e0283655.
• Zheng, L. J., Zhang, J. Z., Lee, L. Y. S., Jasimuddin, S. M., & Kamal, M. M. (2024). Digital technology integration in business model innovation for carbon neutrality: An evolutionary process model for SMEs. Journal of Environmental Management, 359, 120978.