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Evaluation of Quesnay’s Opinions in the Context Of Economic Justice

Year 2025, Issue: 71, 1 - 8, 30.08.2025

Abstract

In this study the issues addressed are examined from the perspective of economic justice in the works of François Quesnay who has gained a place in the French intellectual world and is considered the founder of Physiocracy. Quesnay’s works which show that agriculture and people should be given importance again, contain information worth examining in an age when the understanding of colonial empire based on absolute monarchy, mercantilist policies and overprotective trade mentality is at its peak. In line with this purpose, Quesnay’s life, works, ideas on natural law, and views on economic justice are discussed first. Afterwards, his most notable work, the Economic Table (Tableau Economique) is analyzed by taking into account the perspectives of various researchers working on Quesnay. When evaluated from a broad perspective from past to present, the information that Quesnay provides on justice, economic justice, tax types and limits, interest rates, and international trade methods contains various elements for the construction of a more just system. For Quesnay, there is a structure between landowners and farmers based on the basis that there is a natural order in which no one robs anyone. Agriculture, which makes the structure functional that establishes an order in which the entire economy is determined; It nourishes and enriches other sectors and in this way makes possible a fair order that also ensures economic justice.

References

  • Alkan, Y. (2018). J. Rawls’ın iktisadi adalet teorisi ve Türkiye ekonomisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  • Berend, I. T. (2006). Europe’s laissez-faire system and its impact before World War I. In An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez- Faire to Globalization (pp. 10–41). chapter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Blaug, M. (1985). Economic theory in retrospect (4. Baskı). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Charbit, Y., & Virmani, A. (2002). The political failure of an economic theory: Physiocracy. Population (English Edition, 2002-), 57(6), 855–883. https://doi.org/10.2307/3246619
  • Charles, L., & Théré, C. (2019). The physiocratic movement: A revision. S. Reinert & S. Kaplan (eds.), içinde The economic turn: recasting political economy in enlightenment europe (pp. 35–70). chapter, Anthem Press.
  • Çöloğlu, H. (1987). İktisadi sistemler sistem-doktrin-eleştiri. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Yayını.
  • d’Abadal, L. A. (2012). The Physiocrats. J. G. Backhaus içinde, Handbook of the history of economic thought: Insights on the founders of modern economics (s. 137-159). New York: Springer.
  • Du Pont de Nemours, P. S. (1984). The autobiography of du Pont de Nemours (Translated and with an Introduction by E. Fox-Genoverse). Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.
  • Eltis, W. (1988). The contrasting theories of ındustrialization of François Quesnay and Adam Smith. Oxford Economic Papers, 40(2), 269–288. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2662973
  • Emmett, B. (2010). History of economics and history of science: A comparative look at recent work in both fields. J. E. Biddle, R. B. Emmett, & M. Johnson (eds.) içinde, Research in the history of economic thought and methodology: Volume 28-A (s. 405- 438). Howard House, Wagon Lane: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Ersoy, A. (2015). İktisadi teoriler ve düşünceler tarihi (4. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Fonseca, G. (2008). François Quesnay. The history of economic thought. Erişim adresi https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/quesnay.htm.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). Deliliğin tarihi (4. Baskı). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (2010). İktisat tarihi. Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Grice-Hutchinson, M. (2015). Early economic thought in Spain 1177-1740. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, Inc.
  • Groenewegen, P. D. (1971). A re-interpretation of Turgot’s theory of capital and interest. The Economic Journal, 81(322), 327-340. doi:10.2307/2230075.
  • Hançerlioğlu, O. (1993). Ekonomi sözlüğü - ekonomi terimleri ve ekonomi ile ilgili ticaret ve hukuk terimleri (5. Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Henderson, J. P. (1997). The state of the history of economics: Proceedings of the history of economics society perspectives on the history of economic thought. London: Routledge.
  • Hunt, E. K., & Lautzenheiser, M. (2011). History of economic thought: A critical perspective (3. Baskı). New York: M.E.Sharpe.
  • Kazgan, G. (2000). İktisadi düşünce veya politik iktisadın evrimi (10. Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Medema, S. G., & Samuels, W. J. (2003). The History of economic thought: A reader. London: Routledge.
  • Murphy, A. E. (2009). The genesis of macroeconomics new ideas from sir William Petty to Henry Thornton. United States: Oxford University Press.
  • Neill, T. P. (1949). The Physiocrats’ concept of economics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 63(4), 532–553. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882137
  • Phelps, E. S. (1987), ‘Distributive justice’, içinde John Eatwell, M. Milgate, and P. Newman (eds), The New Palgrave: A dictionary of economics, pp. 886–888. London: Macmillan Press Limited.
  • Pıçak, M. (2012). Fizyokrasi (Fizyokratik okul). M. Masca, & O. Bahar içinde, İktisadi düşünce tarihi (s. 125-147). İstanbul: Lisans Yayıncılık.
  • Pribram, K. (1983). A history of economic reasoning. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press
  • Quesnay, F. (1759). Tableau economique. Translated into English as Quesnay’s tableau economique (in parallel with the French text). Trans. Marguerite Kuczynski and Ronald L. Meek. London: Macmillan, 1972.
  • Quesnay, F. (1765). Observations sur le Droit Naturel des Hommes Reunis en Societe. Journal de l’Agriculture. du Commerce et des Finances.
  • Roberts, J. G. (1942). François Quesnay’s heir. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 50(2), 143–150. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4245161.
  • Roncaglia, A. (2017). A brief history of economic thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rothbard, M. N. (2006). An Austrian perspective on the history of economic thought (Cilt I). Alabama: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Schachter, G. (1991). Francois Quesnay: Interpreters and critics revisited. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 50(3), 313–322. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/3487273
  • Schumpeter, J. (1954). Economic doctrine and method. (R. Aris, Çev.) New York: Oxford Universty Press.
  • Turanlı, R. (2000). İktisadi düşünce tarihi (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Bilim Teknik Yayınevi.
  • Vaggi, G., & Groenewegen, P. (2006). A concise history of economic thought: From mercantilism to monetarism (3. Baskı). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Vaggi, G. (1985). A Physiocratic model of relative price and income distribution. The Economic Journal, No. 95, pp. 928-947.
  • Vaggi, G. (2002). Quesnay and the road to modernity: Technology, markets, and polity. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 24, pp 73-89. doi:10.1080/10427710120115846.

Quesnay’in görüşlerinin iktisadi adalet bağlamında değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Issue: 71, 1 - 8, 30.08.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Fransız entelektüel dünyasında kendine yer edinmiş ve Fizyokrasi’nin kurucusu olarak kabul edilen François Quesnay’ın eserlerinde ele aldığı konular, iktisadi adalet perspektifi içerisinde incelenmektedir. Mutlak monarşiye dayalı sömürgeci imparatorluk anlayışının, merkantilist politikalarla bezeli aşırı korumacı ticaret mantalitesinin zirve yaptığı bir çağda, tarıma ve insana tekrar önem verilmesi gerektiğini gösteren Quesnay’ın çalışmaları incelenmeye değer bilgiler içermektedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda öncelikle Quesnay’ın hayatı, eserleri, doğal yasa üzerine fikirleri, iktisadi adalete yönelik görüşleri ele alınmaktadır. Sonrasında en dikkat çeken çalışması olan Ekonomik Tablo, Quesnay üzerine çalışan çeşitli araştırmacıların bakış açıları da dikkate alınarak analiz edilmektedir. Quesnay’ın adalet, iktisadi adalet, vergi türleri ve hadleri, faiz oranları, uluslararası ticaret yöntemleri üzerine sunduğu bilgiler, geçmişten günümüze geniş bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirildiğinde daha adil bir sistem inşası çeşitli öğeler barındırmaktadır. Quesnay için toprak sahipleri ile çiftçiler arasında kimsenin kimseyi soymadığı doğal düzen olduğu temeline dayanan bir yapı vardır. Tüm ekonominin belirleyicisi olduğu bir düzeni tesis eden yapıyı işler hale getiren tarım; diğer sektörleri besler, zenginleştirir ve bu şekliyle iktisadi adaleti de sağlayan adil düzeni mümkün kılmaktadır.

References

  • Alkan, Y. (2018). J. Rawls’ın iktisadi adalet teorisi ve Türkiye ekonomisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
  • Berend, I. T. (2006). Europe’s laissez-faire system and its impact before World War I. In An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Europe: Economic Regimes from Laissez- Faire to Globalization (pp. 10–41). chapter, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Blaug, M. (1985). Economic theory in retrospect (4. Baskı). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Charbit, Y., & Virmani, A. (2002). The political failure of an economic theory: Physiocracy. Population (English Edition, 2002-), 57(6), 855–883. https://doi.org/10.2307/3246619
  • Charles, L., & Théré, C. (2019). The physiocratic movement: A revision. S. Reinert & S. Kaplan (eds.), içinde The economic turn: recasting political economy in enlightenment europe (pp. 35–70). chapter, Anthem Press.
  • Çöloğlu, H. (1987). İktisadi sistemler sistem-doktrin-eleştiri. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Yayını.
  • d’Abadal, L. A. (2012). The Physiocrats. J. G. Backhaus içinde, Handbook of the history of economic thought: Insights on the founders of modern economics (s. 137-159). New York: Springer.
  • Du Pont de Nemours, P. S. (1984). The autobiography of du Pont de Nemours (Translated and with an Introduction by E. Fox-Genoverse). Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc.
  • Eltis, W. (1988). The contrasting theories of ındustrialization of François Quesnay and Adam Smith. Oxford Economic Papers, 40(2), 269–288. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2662973
  • Emmett, B. (2010). History of economics and history of science: A comparative look at recent work in both fields. J. E. Biddle, R. B. Emmett, & M. Johnson (eds.) içinde, Research in the history of economic thought and methodology: Volume 28-A (s. 405- 438). Howard House, Wagon Lane: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Ersoy, A. (2015). İktisadi teoriler ve düşünceler tarihi (4. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Fonseca, G. (2008). François Quesnay. The history of economic thought. Erişim adresi https://www.hetwebsite.net/het/profiles/quesnay.htm.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). Deliliğin tarihi (4. Baskı). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (2010). İktisat tarihi. Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Grice-Hutchinson, M. (2015). Early economic thought in Spain 1177-1740. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, Inc.
  • Groenewegen, P. D. (1971). A re-interpretation of Turgot’s theory of capital and interest. The Economic Journal, 81(322), 327-340. doi:10.2307/2230075.
  • Hançerlioğlu, O. (1993). Ekonomi sözlüğü - ekonomi terimleri ve ekonomi ile ilgili ticaret ve hukuk terimleri (5. Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Henderson, J. P. (1997). The state of the history of economics: Proceedings of the history of economics society perspectives on the history of economic thought. London: Routledge.
  • Hunt, E. K., & Lautzenheiser, M. (2011). History of economic thought: A critical perspective (3. Baskı). New York: M.E.Sharpe.
  • Kazgan, G. (2000). İktisadi düşünce veya politik iktisadın evrimi (10. Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • Medema, S. G., & Samuels, W. J. (2003). The History of economic thought: A reader. London: Routledge.
  • Murphy, A. E. (2009). The genesis of macroeconomics new ideas from sir William Petty to Henry Thornton. United States: Oxford University Press.
  • Neill, T. P. (1949). The Physiocrats’ concept of economics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 63(4), 532–553. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882137
  • Phelps, E. S. (1987), ‘Distributive justice’, içinde John Eatwell, M. Milgate, and P. Newman (eds), The New Palgrave: A dictionary of economics, pp. 886–888. London: Macmillan Press Limited.
  • Pıçak, M. (2012). Fizyokrasi (Fizyokratik okul). M. Masca, & O. Bahar içinde, İktisadi düşünce tarihi (s. 125-147). İstanbul: Lisans Yayıncılık.
  • Pribram, K. (1983). A history of economic reasoning. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press
  • Quesnay, F. (1759). Tableau economique. Translated into English as Quesnay’s tableau economique (in parallel with the French text). Trans. Marguerite Kuczynski and Ronald L. Meek. London: Macmillan, 1972.
  • Quesnay, F. (1765). Observations sur le Droit Naturel des Hommes Reunis en Societe. Journal de l’Agriculture. du Commerce et des Finances.
  • Roberts, J. G. (1942). François Quesnay’s heir. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 50(2), 143–150. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4245161.
  • Roncaglia, A. (2017). A brief history of economic thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rothbard, M. N. (2006). An Austrian perspective on the history of economic thought (Cilt I). Alabama: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Schachter, G. (1991). Francois Quesnay: Interpreters and critics revisited. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 50(3), 313–322. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/3487273
  • Schumpeter, J. (1954). Economic doctrine and method. (R. Aris, Çev.) New York: Oxford Universty Press.
  • Turanlı, R. (2000). İktisadi düşünce tarihi (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Bilim Teknik Yayınevi.
  • Vaggi, G., & Groenewegen, P. (2006). A concise history of economic thought: From mercantilism to monetarism (3. Baskı). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Vaggi, G. (1985). A Physiocratic model of relative price and income distribution. The Economic Journal, No. 95, pp. 928-947.
  • Vaggi, G. (2002). Quesnay and the road to modernity: Technology, markets, and polity. Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 24, pp 73-89. doi:10.1080/10427710120115846.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Theory of Economy, Political Economy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yaşar Alkan 0000-0001-9553-5646

Early Pub Date August 26, 2025
Publication Date August 30, 2025
Submission Date March 12, 2024
Acceptance Date December 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 71

Cite

APA Alkan, Y. (2025). Quesnay’in görüşlerinin iktisadi adalet bağlamında değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(71), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1451846

33329Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 33312

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