İtalya’nın Kardeşleri Partisi: Dönüştürülen batı milliyetçiliği ve Avrupa için yeni bir anlatı

Year 2025, Issue: 71, 173 - 183, 30.08.2025

Sertan Akbaba

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1651050

Abstract

Avrupa’nın hangi bölgesi olursa olsun, gündemini epeyce meşgul eden konulardan biri istikrarlı bir biçimde yükselen aşırı sağ siyasetidir. İstikrarlı bir şekilde yükselen aşırı sağ siyaseti, Avrupa’nın her bölgesini epeyce meşgul eden konulardan biridir. Öyle ki 1990’ların ortasında uçlarda ve marjinal olarak nitelendirilen bu siyaset, günümüz Avrupa kıtasında hem ulusal düzeyde (ülkeler özelinde) hem de ulus-üstü (AB genelinde) düzeyde önemli kırılmalara sebebiyet vermektedir. Birçok örneği görülen bu siyasetin, ilk defa bir Batı Avrupa ülkesinde iktidara gelme başarısı, yükselişin ivmelendiğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. İtalya’nın Kardeşleri Partisi, kimlik siyaseti söylemini, siyasi olmaktan çok kültürel anlamda ifade edişi, Hans Kohn’un ortaya koyduğu Batı milliyetçiliği anlayışından epeyce farklı bir noktaya taşıması bakımından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı İtalya’nın Kardeşleri Partisinin 2014’ den bu yana milliyetçi söylemini, basın materyalleri, parti programı ve parti lideri Giorgia Meloni’nin kamuoyu açıklamaları temelinde eleştirel söylem analizine tabi tutmak ve özellikle 2014’ den bugüne milliyetçi siyaset ve söylemini ulusal bir zeminden çok, ulus ötesinde bir Batı milliyetçiliği söylemine doğru nasıl dönüştürdüğünü ortaya koymaktır.

Keywords

Batı milliyetçiliği , Göçmen karşıtlığı , Zenofobi , İtalya’nın Kardeşleri Partisi

The Party of Brothers of Italy: Transforming western nationalism and a new narrative for Europe

Abstract

Throughout Europe, a prominent issue that continues to occupy the agenda is the steady rise of far-right politics. This political shift, once described as marginal and fringe in the mid-1990s, has caused significant ruptures in today’s Europe, both at the national level (particularly for member states) and at the supra-national level (the EU in general). The success of the far right, as numerous examples show, shows the importance of its acceleration, particularly in Western Europe. The Brothers of Italy party’s nationalist discourse prioritizes culture rather than politics, thus placing it in a unique position within the frame of Western nationalism and contrary to what Hans Kohn once argued it to be. The aim of this study is to analyze the nationalist rhetoric of the Brothers of Italy party via a critical discourse analysis from 2014 to the present based on press materials, party programs, and public statements by the party leader Giorgia Meloni to understand how the nationalist discourse introduced is not limited to the Italian nation but also extends to wider Europe with the aim to protect the West as a whole.

Keywords

Western nationalism , Anti-immigration , Xenophobia , Party of Brothers of Italy

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