Literatür ve Sahanın Kesişiminde Dijital Göçmenler İçin Dijital Yetkinlikler

Year 2021, , 813 - 846, 30.07.2021

Metin Eken

https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.969495

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Türkiye Ulusal Ajansı tarafından yürütülmekte olan Erasmus+ Programı Okul Eğitimi Stratejik Ortaklıklar eylemi kapsamında finanse edilen DigiComp kısa adıyla “Dijital Göçmenler için Dijital Yeterlilikleri Artırma: Dijital Bölünme ve Dijital Sosyal Eşitsizlikle Mücadele” projesi kapsamında hazırlanan bu çalışma, dijital göçmenler için dijital yetkinlikleri konu edinmektedir. Özellikle düşük ve orta eğitim düzeyindeki ve ileri yaşlardaki dijital göçmenlerin dijital bölünmeyle ilişkili ciddi risk faktörleriyle karşı karşıya oldukları gerçeğinden hareket eden çalışma, dijital teknolojilerin benimsenmesine ilişkin kapasite geliştirme çabalarına; dijital göçmenlerin sahip olması gereken dijital yetkinliklerin, literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri çerçevesinde daha net bir resmini sunarak, farklılıklara ve fikir birliğine dayalı bir yetkinlik çerçevesi geliştirerek katkı sunma amacı taşımaktadır. Bu çerçevede dijital göçmenlerin dijital teknolojilerle ilgili hangi sorumluluk ve sorun alanlarıyla karşı karşıya oldukları ve bu alanlardaki yetkinliklerinin hangi kategorilerde ele alınabileceği literatür taraması marifetiyle somutlaştırılmış; saha kısmında ise ilgili literatürden elde edilen veriler çerçevesinde 11 uzmanın görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Son olarak da ilgili literatür ve sahanın kesişiminde elde edile veriler bir yetkinlik çerçevesi olarak somutlaştırılmıştır.

Keywords

Dijital Bölünme, Dijital Eşitsizlik, Dijital Göçmenler, DigiComp, Dijital Yetkinlikler

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Ulusal Ajansı

Project Number

2020-1-TR01-KA204-093516

Digital Competencies for Digital Immigrants at the Intersection of Literature and Field

Abstract

This study, which was prepared within the scope of the “Improving Digital Competencies for Digital Immigrants: Tackling with Digital Divide and Digital Social Inequality” Project by the short name DigiComp funded under the Erasmus+ Program Strategic Partnership for School Education actions carried out by the Turkish National Agency, addresses digital competencies for digital immigrants. Based on the fact that the digital immigrants, especially those with lower and midlevel education, and older age, face serious risk factors associated with digital divide, the study focuses on capacity building efforts regarding the adoption of digital technologies; It aims to contribute by developing a competency framework based on differences and consensus by presenting a clearer picture of the digital competencies that digital immigrants should have, within the framework of literature review and expert opinions. In this context, which responsibilities and problem areas digital immigrants face regarding digital technologies and in which categories their competencies in these areas can be discussed have been embodied by the literature review; in the field part, the opinions of 11 experts were consulted. Finally, the data obtained at the intersection of the relevant literature and the field were embodied as a competency framework.

Keywords

Digital Divide, Digital Inequality, Digital Immigrants, DigiComp, Digital Competencies

Project Number

2020-1-TR01-KA204-093516

References

• Akhter, S. H. (2003). Digital divide and purchase intention: Why demographic psychology matters. Journal of Economic Psychology, 24(3), 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(02)00171-X
• Ala-Mutka, K. (2011). Mapping digital competence: Towards a conceptual understanding. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340375234_Mapping_Digital_Competence_Towards_a_Conceptual_Understanding
• Aldemi̇r, C., & Avşar, M. N. (2020). Pandemi döneminde dijital vatandaşlık uygulamaları. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 148-169.
• Ambert, A.-M. (2001). The effect of children on parents. Psychology Press.
• Amundsen, D. (2021). Digital Technologies as a Panacea for Social Isolation and Loneliness among Older Adults: An Intervention Model for Flourishing and Wellbeing: Visual Technologies as a Panacea for Social Isolation. Video Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1163/23644583-00501008
• Baecker, R., Sellen, K., Crosskey, S., Boscart, V., & Neves, B. (2014). Technology to reduce social isolation and loneliness. ASSETS ’14, ACM SIGACCESS Computers & accessibility. https://doi.org/10.1145/2661334.2661375
• Baez, M., Nielek, R., Casati, F., & Wierzbicki, A. (2019). Technologies for promoting social participation in later life. İçinde B.
• B. Neves & F. Vetere (Ed.), Ageing and Digital Technology: Designing and Evaluating Emerging Technologies for Older Adults (ss. 285-306). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3693-5_17
• Bayne, S., & Ross, J. (2007). The “digital native” and “digital immigrant”: A dangerous opposition.
• Blum-Ross, A., & Livingstone, S. (2017). “Sharenting,” parent blogging, and the boundaries of the digital self. Popular Communication, 15(2), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2016.1223300
• Brown, I., & Licker, P. (2003). Exploring differences in internet adoption and usage between historically advantaged and disadvantaged groups in South Africa. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 6(4), 6-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2003.10856358
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Örnekleme yöntemleri. http://cv.ankara.edu.tr/duzenleme/kisisel/dosyalar/21082015162828.pdf
• Carretero, S., Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., European Commission, & Joint Research Centre. (2017). DigComp 2.1 the digital competence framework for citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use.
• Chakraborty, J., & Bosman, M. M. (2002). Race, income, and home PC ownership: A regional analysis of the digital divide. Race and Society, 5(2), 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.racsoc.2004.01.003
• Chalklen, C., & Anderson, H. (2017). Mothering on Facebook: Exploring the privacy/openness paradox. Social Media + Society, 3(2), 2056305117707187. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117707187
• Chaudhuri, A., Flamm, K. S., & Horrigan, J. (2005). An analysis of the determinants of internet access. A selection of papers from the 32nd Annual Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, 29(9), 731-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2005.07.001
• Choi, M. (2016). A concept analysis of digital citizenship for democratic citizenship education in the internet age. Theory & Research in Social Education, 44(4), 565-607. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2016.1210549
• Chopik, W. J. (2016). The benefits of social technology use among older adults are mediated by reduced loneliness. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 19(9), 551-556. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0151
• Cotten, S. R., Ford, G., Ford, S., & Hale, T. M. (2014). Internet use and depression among retired older adults in the United States: A Longitudinal Analysis. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 69(5), 763-771. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu018
• Council of Europe. (2021). Digital citizenship and digital citizenship education. Digital Citizenship Education (DCE). https://www.coe.int/en/web/digital-citizenship-education/digital-citizenship-and-digital-citizenship-education
• Creswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev.). Siyasal Kitabevi.
• Cruz-Jesus, F., Vicente, M. R., Bacao, F., & Oliveira, T. (2016). The education-related digital divide: An analysis for the EU-28. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.027
• Curtis, K., & Price, K. (2017). Factors that influence older people’s engagement with digital health technology. Nursing older people, 29 10, 27-30.
• Çi̇mke, S., Gürkan, D. Y., & Polat, S. (2018). Sosyal medyada çocuk hakki ihlali: Sharenting. Güncel Pediatri, 16(2), 261-267.
• Eken, M. (2021). Pandemi sürecinde işlevsel bir araç olarak internet: Görünüş ile gerçeklik arasında etkileşimli yaşam deneyimi. İçinde Rutin ve Hayret: Bir İmkan ve İmtihan Olarak Pandemi. DBY Yayınları.
• Elena-Bucea, A., Cruz-Jesus, F., Oliveira, T., & Coelho, P. S. (2020). Assessing the Role of Age, Education, Gender and Income on the Digital Divide: Evidence for the European Union. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10012-9
• Eurostat. (2019). Individuals’ level of digital skills.
• Figan, M., & Dede Özdemir, Y. (2020). Giriş. İçinde Dijital kültür, dijital eşitsizlikler ve yaşlanma (ss. 1-7). Alternatif Bilişim. https://ekitap.alternatifbilisim.org/pdf/dijital_kultur_dijital_esitsizlikler_ve_yaslanma.pdf
• Gao, Q., Prina, A., Prince, M., Acosta, D., Sosa, A. L., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., Jimenez-Velazquez, I., Rodriguez, J. L. L., Salas, A., Williams, J. D., Liu, Z., Castillo, I. A., & Mayston, R. (2021). Loneliness among older adults in Latin America, China, and India: Prevalence, Correlates and Association With Mortality. International Journal of Public Health.
• Gorard, S., FURLONG, J., & MADDEN, L. (2003). Older adults’ use of information and communication technology in everyday life. Ageing and Society, 23, 561-582. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X03001302
• Hargittai, E. (2020). İkinci seviye dijital bölünme: Bireylerin çevrimiçi becerilerindeki farklılıklar. İçinde Dijital kültür, dijital eşitsizlikler ve yaşlanma (ss. 25-48). Alternatif Bilişim. https://ekitap.alternatifbilisim.org/pdf/dijital_kultur_dijital_esitsizlikler_ve_yaslanma.pdf
• https://ec.europa.eu/. (t.y.). Glossary: Lifelong learning. Geliş tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021, gönderen
• https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Lifelong_learning
• Hubregtse, S. (2005). The digital divide within the European Union. New Library World, 106(3/4), 164-172. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074800510587363
• Ijsselsteijn, W., Nap, H. H., Poels, K., & De Kort, Y. (2007). Digital game design for elderly users. İçinde Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Future Play, Future Play ’07. https://doi.org/10.1145/1328202.1328206
• Ivan, L., & Fernández-Ardèvol, M. (2017). Older people and the use of ICTs to communicate with children and grandchildren. Transnational Social Review, 7(1), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1277861
• K Chen. (2020). Use of gerontology to assist older adults to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 21(7), 983-984.
• Karavidas, M., Lim, N. K., & Katsikas, S. L. (2005). The effects of computers on older adult users. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(5), 697-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.012
• Kirby, B., Birch, J.-L., Cain, J., & Newland, V. (2017). Digital well-being across the ages—generational perceptions of well-being in reference to the use of the internet and digital technology.
• Klimaszewski, C., & Nyce, J. M. (2009). Does universal access mean equitable access? New Library World, 110(5/6), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074800910954253
• Kumar, P., & Schoenebeck, S. (2015). The modern day baby book: Enacting good mothering and stewarding privacy on Facebook. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, 1302-1312. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675149
• Lee, C. C., Czaja, S. J., & Sharit, J. (2009). Training older workers for technology-based employment. Educational Gerontology, 35(1), 15-31. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270802300091
• Livingstone, S., & Byrne, J. (2018). Parenting in the digital age. The challenges of parental responsibility in comparative perspective. İçinde Digital Parenting. The Challenges for Families in the Digital Age (ss. 19-30). Nordicom. https://www.nordicom.gu.se/sv/system/tdf/publikationer-hela-pdf/yearbook_2018_digital_parenting.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=39884&force=0
• Maftei, A., & Holman, A. C. (2020). Cyberchondria during the coronavirus pandemic: The effects of neuroticism and optimism. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 567345-567345. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567345
• Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., & McNeal, R. S. (2008). Digital citizenship: The internet, society, and participation. MIT Press.
• Nelissen, S., & Van den Bulck, J. (2018). When digital natives instruct digital immigrants: Active guidance of parental media use by children and conflict in the family. Information, Communication & Society, 21(3), 375-387. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1281993
• Noh, Y.-H., & Yoo, K. (2008). Internet, inequality and growth. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(6), 1005-1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.06.016
• Oberländer, M., Beinicke, A., & Bipp, T. (2020). Digital competencies: A review of the literature and applications in the workplace. Computers & Education, 146, 103752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103752
• OECD. (2001). Understanding the digital divide (OECD Digital Economy Papers Sy 49; OECD Digital Economy Papers, C. 49). https://doi.org/10.1787/236405667766
• OECD. (2003). Beyond rhetoric: Adult learning policies and practices. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264199446-en
• OECD. (2019). Working better with age. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/c4d4f66a-en
• Özkan, S., Baran Aksakal, F. N., Çalışkan, D., Dikmen, A. U., & Tüzün, H. (2018). Türkiye sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeyi ve ilişkili faktörleri araştırması. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı.
• Özsoy, D. (2020). Dijital bölünme düzeylerine dair literatür analizi. İçinde Dijital kültür, dijital eşitsizlikler ve yaşlanma (ss. 11-23). Alternatif Bilişim. https://ekitap.alternatifbilisim.org/pdf/dijital_kultur_dijital_esitsizlikler_ve_yaslanma.pdf
• Pieri, M., & Diamantinir, D. (2010). Young people, elderly and ICT. Innovation and Creativity in Education, 2(2), 2422-2426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.348
• Pouster, J. (2016). Smartphone ownership and internet usage continues to climb in emerging economies. Pew Research Center.
• Prensky, M. (2001a). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816
• Prensky, M. (2001b). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 2: Do they really think differently? On the Horizon, 9(6), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424843
• Samek Lodovici, M., & vd. (2021). The impact of teleworking and digital work on workers and society. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/662904/IPOL_STU(2021)662904_EN.pdf
• Scheuermann, L., & Taylor. (1997). Netiquette. Internet Research, 7(4), 269-273. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187268
• Shirazi, F., Ngwenyama, O., & Morawczynski, O. (2010). ICT expansion and the digital divide in democratic freedoms: An analysis of the impact of ICT expansion, education and ICT filtering on democracy. Telematics and Informatics, 27(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2009.05.001
• Srinuan, C., & Bohlin, E. (2011). Understanding the digital divide: A literature survey and ways forward. 22nd European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS2011), Budapest, 18 - 21 September, 2011: Innovative ICTApplications - Emerging Regulatory, Economic and Policy Issues.
• Sütlüoğlu, T. (2020). Orta yaş ve üzerindeki bireylerde dijital eşitsizliğin görünümleri: Erişim eşitsizlikleri ve kullanım farklılıkları. İçinde Dijital kültür, Dijital eşitsizlikler ve yaşlanma (ss. 215-246). Alternatif Bilişim. https://ekitap.alternatifbilisim.org/pdf/dijital_kultur_dijital_esitsizlikler_ve_yaslanma.pdf The HLS-EU Consortium. (2012). The European Health Literacy Project (HLS-EU), Executive summary (D17), Final Report. http://cpme.dyndns.org:591/adopted/2015/Info.2015-095.Final_report_Executive_summary_of_HLS-EU.pdf
• TÜİK. (2020). Son üç ay içinde bireylerin yaş grubuna ve cinsiyetine göre bilgisayar ve internet kullanım oranı, 2004-2020 (TÜİK’in hanehalkı bilişim teknolojileri (BT) kullanım araştırması). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2020-33679
• van Dijk, J. (2016). Ağ Toplumu (Ö. Sakin, Çev.). Kafka, Epsilon Yayıncılık.
• van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & van Deursen, A. J. A. M. (2014). Digital skills. Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137437037
• Vartanova, E., & Gladkova, A. (2019). New forms of the digital divide. İçinde Digital media inequalities: Policies against divides, distrust and discrimination (ss. 193-213). Nordicom.
• von Doetinchem, S., & Livingston, L. (2021). Lifelong learning in the age of COVID-19. http://generations.asaging.org/lifelong-learning-age-covid-19
• Waycott, J., Bennett, S., Kennedy, G., Dalgarno, B., & Gray, K. (2010). Digital divides? Student and staff perceptions of information and communication technologies. Computers & Education, 54(4), 1202-1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.11.006
• Wilbon, A. D. (2003). Shrinking the digital divide: The moderating role of technology environments. Technology in Society, 25(1), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(02)00063-5
• Yang, K., & Victor, C. (2011). Age and loneliness in 25 European nations. Ageing and Society, 31(8), 1368-1388. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X1000139X
• Yurdakul, İ. K., Dönmez, O., Yaman, F., & Odabaşi, H. F. (2013). Digital Parenting and Changing Roles. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 12(4), 883-896.
• Zarcadoolas, C., Pleasant, A., & Greer, D. (2005). Understanding health literacy: An expanded model. Health promotion international, 20, 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dah609
• Zhang, F., & Kaufman, D. (2015). The impacts of social interactions in MMORPGs on older adults’ social capital. Comput. Hum. Behav., 51(PA), 495-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.034
• Zhao, H., Kim, S., Suh, T., & Du, J. (2007). Social institutional explanations of global internet diffusion: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Global Information Management, 15(2), 28-55. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2007040102