Dissertation
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User Central Content Design in the Age of Interactive Television

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 703 - 722, 24.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.612545

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop an interactive prototype for interactive television
content design. The development process of the prototype for interactive television
broadcasting consists of two stages. At the first phase of the process, eight experts’ opinions
were asked who accepted to take part in the study and are experienced in interactive
TV and content from Netherlands, the USA, Australia, Singapore and Turkey. Therefore,
this study is structured as a qualitative case study. According to the data obtained
from the research, it was concluded that the design principles for interactive television
broadcasting and the interactive applications for these principles carried out with 4
themes. These themes; creating interactive content appropriate to the visual language and
aesthetics of television, second screen application in interactive television broadcasting,
supporting control elements in line with the individual differences of the participants and
providing online applications. In the second process step, in accordance with the data
gathered from these interviews were applied to an interactive football program design.
As a result, the content design created for each program offers the user a different level
of interactive environment. Whether the program is appropriate to the visual language
and aesthetics of television affects the user’s behavior, the quality and naturalness of the
interaction presented. The higher the number of online parameters changed in interactive
football design, the higher the level of user participation in the football program. The level
of interactivity in the football program is related to the interaction of the participants by
making meaning through the personal symbols transmitted and the involvement of the
participant in the content at the point of reciprocity, responsiveness and responsiveness.

Supporting Institution

Anadolu Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Komisyonu

Project Number

1402E028

References

  • Abramson, A. (2003). The history of television, 1942 to 2000. USA: McFarland.
  • Akca, D. (2008). IPTV. Bilim ve Teknik, (485), 50-52.
  • Andrejevic, M. (2009). Critical media studies 2.0: An interactive upgrade. Interactions: Studies in Communication and Culture, 1(1), 35-51.
  • Athanasiadis, E. & Mitropoulos, S. (2010). A distributed platform for personalized advertising in digital interactive tv environments. The Journal of Systems and Software, 83 (8), 1453-1469.
  • Baştan, S. (2009). Kuramdan uygulamaya etkileşimli iletişim tasarımı. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Bayrak, M. (2008). IPTV ve içerik. İ. Yerlikaya, C. Dolanbay ve V. Ünal (Yay. haz.). Birey eksenli interaktif yayıncılık: IPTV içinde (s. 169-176). Ankara: RTÜK ve Türkiye Bilişim Derneği Yayını.
  • Berendt, A. (2008). IPTV: Old ambitions, new realities. Intermedia, 36(1), 4.
  • Bietz, M. (2008). Interactivty and electronic communication: An Experimental study of mediated feedback in Michigan Üniversitesi (Doctoral dissertation). Erişim tarihi: https:// pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a3a2/978bf26da3715db3d9c5ba36ed7dc10a2360.pdf.
  • Bouwman, H., Zhengjia, M., Van der Duin, P., & Limonard, S. (2008). A business model for ıptv service: a dynamic framework. İnfo, 10(3), 22-38.
  • Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From production to produsage. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Cesar, P. ve Chorianopoulos, K. (2008). The evolution of tv systems, content, and users toward interactivity. Foundation and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, 2(4), 279-373.
  • Chen, G. M. (2007). Media (Literacy) Education in The United States. China Media Research, 3(3), 87-103.
  • Chung, S. D. ve Yoo, Y. C. (2008). Audience motivations for using interactive features: distinguishing use of different types of interactivity on an online newspaper. Mass Communication and Society, 11 (4), 375-397.
  • DiCicco, B. B. ve Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40 (4), 314-321.
  • Ersavaş, B. F. (2008). IPTV’de içerik paylaşımı. Yerlikaya, C. Dolanbay ve V. Ünal (Ed.), Birey Eksenli İnteraktif Yayıncılık: IPTV, (pp. 271-286), Ankara: RTÜK ve Türkiye Bilişim Derneği Yayını.
  • Faber, G. (2011). Shifting power: How Google TV entered the living room. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
  • Finnemann, O. N. (2011). Mediatization theory and digital media. Communications, 36 (1), 67-89.
  • Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to qualitative research. Los Angles: Sage Publications.
  • Garratt, G. R., and Mumford, A. H. (1952). The history of television. Proceedings of the IEEPart IIIA: Television, 99(17), 25-40.
  • Glesne, C. (2013). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. (2. baskı). (A. Ersoy ve P. Yalçınoğlu, Çev. Edt.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Guimarães, R. L. (2009). The next generation of multimedia authoring tools: Telling stories and commenting on media. Networked Television Adjunct Eurol TV 2009, 171.
  • Ha, L. ve James, L. (1998). Interactivity reexamined: A baseline analysis of early business websites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(4), 457-474.
  • Hobbs, R. (2010). Digital and media literacy: a plan of action. Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute.
  • Jensen, J. F. (1998). ‘Interactivity’ tracking a new concept and communication studies. Nordicom Review, 19(1), 185-204.
  • Kim, P. (2009). Internet protocol TV in perspective a matrix of continuity and innovation. Television & New Media, 10(6), 536-545.
  • Kim, P. & Sawhney, H. (2002). A machine-like new medium-theoretical examination of interactive TV. Media, Culture & Society. 24(2), 217-233.
  • Kiousis, S. (2002). Interactivity: a concept explication. New Media & Society, 4 (3), 355- 383.
  • Liu, Y. ve Shrum. (2002). What is ınteractivity and is it always such a good thing? ımplications of definition, person, and situation for the ınfluence of ınteractivity on advertising effectiveness. Journal of Advertising, 31(4), 53-64.
  • Lotz, A. D. (2014). The television will be revolutionized. New York: NYU Press.
  • Napoli, P. M. (2011). Audience evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media audiences. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • OxfordDictionary(2013). Interactive. Erişim adresi (23.01.2013): http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/american_english/interactive?q=interactivity#interactive_9.
  • Pagani, M. (2000). Multimedia and interactive digital TV: Managing the opportunities created by digital convergence: managing the opportunities created by digital convergence. IGI Global.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd edition), Hershey PA: Sage Publications.
  • Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: From new media to communication. R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wiemann & S. Pingree (Eds.), In advancing communication sicience: merging mass and interpersonel process (pp. 34-100), Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Richards, R. (2006). Users, interactivity and generation. New Media & Society, 8(4), 531- 550.
  • Rogers, Y., Sharp, H. ve Preece, J. (2011). Interaction design: Beyond human-computer interaction (3rd edition). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Quiring, O. (2009). What do users associated with ‘ınteractivity’?: A qualitative study on user schema. New Media & Society, 11(6), 899-920.
  • Tsekleves, E., Cosmas, J., Aggoun, A., & Loo, J. (2009). Converged digital TV services: The role of middleware and future directions of interactive television. International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, 2009, 1-19.
  • Ünaldı, A. (2010). Türkiye’de IPTV. Kasım 2009 IPTV Derneği Raporu. Erişim adresi (25.02.2013):http://atifunaldi.com.tr/2010/07/29/turkiye%E2%80%99de-iptvkasim-2009-iptv-dernegi-raporu/
  • Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Van Dijk, J.A ve De Vos, L. (2001). Searching for the holy grail images of interactive television. New Media & Society, 3 (4), 443-465.
  • Yüzer, V. (2013). Uzaktan öğrenmede etkileşimlilik, Ankara: Kültür Ajans Yayınları.
Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 703 - 722, 24.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.612545

Abstract

Bu makale, etkileşimli televizyon içeriklerinin tasarımına yönelik interaktif bir
prototipin geliştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Etkileşimli Televizyon Yayıncılığına ilişkin
prototipin geliştirilmesi süreci iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Sürecin ilk aşamasında
Hollanda, ABD, Avustralya, Singapur ve Türkiye’den çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden
etkileşimli televizyon ve etkileşimli içerik konusunda deneyimli sekiz uzmanın görüşleri
alınmıştır. Bu nedenle araştırma, nitel bir durum çalışması şeklinde desenlenmiştir.
Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, etkileşimli televizyon uygulamalarının dört ana tema
ile gerçekleştirileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu temalar; televizyonun görsel diline ve
estetiğine uygun etkileşimli içerik oluşturma, etkileşimli televizyon yayıncılığında ikinci
ekran uygulaması, katılımcıların bireysel farklılıklarına uygun olarak destek kontrol
unsurların yer alması ve çevrimiçi uygulamalara yer vermedir. Sürecin ikinci aşamasında
ise, bireysel görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda etkileşimli bir futbol
programının tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak her bir program için oluşturulan
içerik tasarımı, kullanıcıya etkileşimli çevrenin farklı düzeyini sunmaktadır. Pogramın
televizyonun görsel diline ve estetiğine uygun olup olmama durumu, kullanıcının
davranışını, sunulan etkileşimin niteliğini ve doğallığını etkilemektedir. Etkileşimli futbol
tasarımında değiştirilen çevrimiçi parametrelerin sayısı ne kadar çok olursa, kullanıcının
futbol programına katılım düzeyinin kalitesi de o kadar artmaktadır. Futbol programında
etkileşimlilik seviyesi, etkileşim içerisinde bulunan katılımcıların iletilen kişisel semboller
üzerinden anlam oluşturmasıyla ve içeriklerde karşılıklılık, yanıt verme ve yanıt verme
hızı noktasında katılımcının sürece dahil olmasıyla ilgilidir.

Project Number

1402E028

References

  • Abramson, A. (2003). The history of television, 1942 to 2000. USA: McFarland.
  • Akca, D. (2008). IPTV. Bilim ve Teknik, (485), 50-52.
  • Andrejevic, M. (2009). Critical media studies 2.0: An interactive upgrade. Interactions: Studies in Communication and Culture, 1(1), 35-51.
  • Athanasiadis, E. & Mitropoulos, S. (2010). A distributed platform for personalized advertising in digital interactive tv environments. The Journal of Systems and Software, 83 (8), 1453-1469.
  • Baştan, S. (2009). Kuramdan uygulamaya etkileşimli iletişim tasarımı. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Bayrak, M. (2008). IPTV ve içerik. İ. Yerlikaya, C. Dolanbay ve V. Ünal (Yay. haz.). Birey eksenli interaktif yayıncılık: IPTV içinde (s. 169-176). Ankara: RTÜK ve Türkiye Bilişim Derneği Yayını.
  • Berendt, A. (2008). IPTV: Old ambitions, new realities. Intermedia, 36(1), 4.
  • Bietz, M. (2008). Interactivty and electronic communication: An Experimental study of mediated feedback in Michigan Üniversitesi (Doctoral dissertation). Erişim tarihi: https:// pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a3a2/978bf26da3715db3d9c5ba36ed7dc10a2360.pdf.
  • Bouwman, H., Zhengjia, M., Van der Duin, P., & Limonard, S. (2008). A business model for ıptv service: a dynamic framework. İnfo, 10(3), 22-38.
  • Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From production to produsage. New York: Peter Lang.
  • Cesar, P. ve Chorianopoulos, K. (2008). The evolution of tv systems, content, and users toward interactivity. Foundation and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction, 2(4), 279-373.
  • Chen, G. M. (2007). Media (Literacy) Education in The United States. China Media Research, 3(3), 87-103.
  • Chung, S. D. ve Yoo, Y. C. (2008). Audience motivations for using interactive features: distinguishing use of different types of interactivity on an online newspaper. Mass Communication and Society, 11 (4), 375-397.
  • DiCicco, B. B. ve Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40 (4), 314-321.
  • Ersavaş, B. F. (2008). IPTV’de içerik paylaşımı. Yerlikaya, C. Dolanbay ve V. Ünal (Ed.), Birey Eksenli İnteraktif Yayıncılık: IPTV, (pp. 271-286), Ankara: RTÜK ve Türkiye Bilişim Derneği Yayını.
  • Faber, G. (2011). Shifting power: How Google TV entered the living room. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
  • Finnemann, O. N. (2011). Mediatization theory and digital media. Communications, 36 (1), 67-89.
  • Flick, U. (2014). An introduction to qualitative research. Los Angles: Sage Publications.
  • Garratt, G. R., and Mumford, A. H. (1952). The history of television. Proceedings of the IEEPart IIIA: Television, 99(17), 25-40.
  • Glesne, C. (2013). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. (2. baskı). (A. Ersoy ve P. Yalçınoğlu, Çev. Edt.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Guimarães, R. L. (2009). The next generation of multimedia authoring tools: Telling stories and commenting on media. Networked Television Adjunct Eurol TV 2009, 171.
  • Ha, L. ve James, L. (1998). Interactivity reexamined: A baseline analysis of early business websites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(4), 457-474.
  • Hobbs, R. (2010). Digital and media literacy: a plan of action. Washington, D.C.: The Aspen Institute.
  • Jensen, J. F. (1998). ‘Interactivity’ tracking a new concept and communication studies. Nordicom Review, 19(1), 185-204.
  • Kim, P. (2009). Internet protocol TV in perspective a matrix of continuity and innovation. Television & New Media, 10(6), 536-545.
  • Kim, P. & Sawhney, H. (2002). A machine-like new medium-theoretical examination of interactive TV. Media, Culture & Society. 24(2), 217-233.
  • Kiousis, S. (2002). Interactivity: a concept explication. New Media & Society, 4 (3), 355- 383.
  • Liu, Y. ve Shrum. (2002). What is ınteractivity and is it always such a good thing? ımplications of definition, person, and situation for the ınfluence of ınteractivity on advertising effectiveness. Journal of Advertising, 31(4), 53-64.
  • Lotz, A. D. (2014). The television will be revolutionized. New York: NYU Press.
  • Napoli, P. M. (2011). Audience evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media audiences. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • OxfordDictionary(2013). Interactive. Erişim adresi (23.01.2013): http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/american_english/interactive?q=interactivity#interactive_9.
  • Pagani, M. (2000). Multimedia and interactive digital TV: Managing the opportunities created by digital convergence: managing the opportunities created by digital convergence. IGI Global.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd edition), Hershey PA: Sage Publications.
  • Rafaeli, S. (1988). Interactivity: From new media to communication. R. P. Hawkins, J. M. Wiemann & S. Pingree (Eds.), In advancing communication sicience: merging mass and interpersonel process (pp. 34-100), Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Richards, R. (2006). Users, interactivity and generation. New Media & Society, 8(4), 531- 550.
  • Rogers, Y., Sharp, H. ve Preece, J. (2011). Interaction design: Beyond human-computer interaction (3rd edition). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Quiring, O. (2009). What do users associated with ‘ınteractivity’?: A qualitative study on user schema. New Media & Society, 11(6), 899-920.
  • Tsekleves, E., Cosmas, J., Aggoun, A., & Loo, J. (2009). Converged digital TV services: The role of middleware and future directions of interactive television. International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, 2009, 1-19.
  • Ünaldı, A. (2010). Türkiye’de IPTV. Kasım 2009 IPTV Derneği Raporu. Erişim adresi (25.02.2013):http://atifunaldi.com.tr/2010/07/29/turkiye%E2%80%99de-iptvkasim-2009-iptv-dernegi-raporu/
  • Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Van Dijk, J.A ve De Vos, L. (2001). Searching for the holy grail images of interactive television. New Media & Society, 3 (4), 443-465.
  • Yüzer, V. (2013). Uzaktan öğrenmede etkileşimlilik, Ankara: Kültür Ajans Yayınları.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies, Radio-Television
Journal Section Thesis Abstracts
Authors

Birgül Taşdelen 0000-0003-0281-3892

Mehmet Kesim This is me 0000-0002-8153-5159

Project Number 1402E028
Publication Date January 24, 2020
Submission Date August 28, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Taşdelen, B., & Kesim, M. (2020). User Central Content Design in the Age of Interactive Television. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 7(1), 703-722. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.612545