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Oksimoronu Yeniden Ele Almak: Kamu Çikari Ve Halkla İlişkiler Üzerine Teorik Bir Tartişma

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 447 - 466, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1189411

Abstract

Halkla ilişkilerin kendini propagandadan ya da diğer olumsuz çağrışımlardan farklılaştırmasının bir yolu olarak kullanılagelen kamu çıkarı kavramı, halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcıları ve halkla ilişkiler alanında çalışan akademisyenlerin başvurduğu temel kavramlar arasında yer almaktadır. Halkla ilişkilere yönelik övgü ya da yergiler genellikle kavrama direkt olarak gönderme yapılmasa da halkla ilişkilerin kamu çıkarına hizmet edip etmemesi üzerinden şekillenmektedir. Öyle ki, halkla ilişkilerdeki anaakım yaklaşımlar, halkla ilişkilerin kamu çıkarına hizmet ettiğini ve hatta kamu çıkarının halkla ilişkilerin varlık nedeni olduğunu iddia ederken, eleştirel yaklaşımlar halkla ilişkilerin kamu çıkarına değil pazar çıkarına hizmet ettiğinin altını çizmektedir. Tütün, alkol, kumar ve şekerleme endüstrileri örnekleri üzerinden teorik tartışmanın yürütüldüğü bu çalışma, halkla ilişkiler literatüründeki kamu çıkarı tartışmalarını; diyalog, etik ve demokrasi kavramları ekseninde tartışmaya açarak halkla ilişkiler ve kamu çıkarı kavramları arasındaki ilişkiyi, irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, adı geçen endüstrilerin kamu çıkarı kavramıyla uyuşmayan örneklerinden dolayı, halkla ilişkilerin kamu çıkarına hizmet edemeyeceği ancak halkla ilişkilerin şirketlerin kamu çıkarına hizmet ediyormuş gibi görünmelerini sağlayan retorik bir araç olduğu iddia edilmektedir.

References

  • Benditt, T. M. (1973). The Public Interest . Philosophy & Public Affairs, 2(3), 229–311.
  • Bivins, T. H. (1993). Public Relations, Professionalism, and the Public Interest. Journal of Business Ethics 1993 12:2, 12(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00871931
  • Brunner, B. R., & Smallwood, A. M. K. (2019). Prioritizing Public Interest in Public Relations: Public Interest Relations. Public Relations Inquiry, 8(3), 245–264.
  • Cassinelli, C. W. (1958). Some Reflections on the Concept of the Public Interest. Ethics, 69(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1086/291189
  • Ciszek, E., Mocarski, R., Price, S., & Almeida, E. (2021). Discursive Stickiness: Affective Institutional Texts and Activist Resistance . Public Relations Inquiry, 10(3), 295–310.
  • Cochran, C. E. (1974). Political Science and “The Public Interest.” The Journal of Politics, 36(2), 327–355. https://doi.org/10.2307/2129473
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2007). It’s Not Just PR: Public Relations in Society. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Day, K. D., Dong, Q., & Robins, C. (2001). Public Relations Ethics: An Overview and Discussion of Issues for the 21th Century. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of Public Relations (pp. 403–410). Sage.
  • Demetrious, K. (2022). Deep Canvassing: Persuasion, Ethics, Democracy and Activist Public Relations. Public Relations Inquiry, 11(3), 361–377.
  • Dow Schüll, N. (2012). Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas. Princeton University Press.
  • DrinkWise . (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2022, from https://drinkwise.org.au/about-us/about/#
  • Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2005). Civil Society and Public Relations: Not So Civil After All. Journal of Public Relations Research, 17(3), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1703_3
  • Edwards, H. H. (2006). A Rhetorical Typology for Studying the Audience Role in Public Relations Communication: The Avon 3-Day Disruption as Exemplar. Journal of Communication, 56(4), 836–860. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1460-2466.2006.00322.X
  • Ewen, S. (1996). PR! A Social History of Spin. Basic Books.
  • Fawkes, J. (2012). Interpreting Ethics: Public Relations and Strong Hermeneutics. Public Relations Inquiry, 1(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X12437023
  • Fitzpatrick, K. R. (1996). The Role of Public Relations in the Institutionalization of Ethics. Public Relations Review, 22(3), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(96)90048-X
  • Flathman, R. E. (1966). The Public Interest: An Essay Concerning the Normative Discourse of Politics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Friedman, L. C. (2009). Tobacco Industry Use of Corporate Social Responsibility Tactics as a Sword and a Shield on Secondhand Smoke Issues. The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 37(4), 819–827.
  • Friedman, L. C., Cheyne, A., Givelber, D., Gottlieb, M. A., & Daynard, R. A. (2015). Tobacco Industry Use of Personal Responsibility Rhetoric in Public Relations and Litigation: Disguising Freedom to Blame as Freedom of Choice. American Journal of Public Health, 105(2), 250–260. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302226
  • Gaither, B. M., Austin, L., & Schulz, M. C. (2018). Delineating CSR and Social Change: Querying Corporations as Actors for Social Good. Public Relations Inquiry, 7(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X17743544
  • Gower, K. K. (2009). Halkla İlişkiler Araştırmaları Yol Ayrımında. In F. Keskin & B. P. Özdemir (Eds.), Halkla İlişkiler Üzerine: Disiplinlerarası Bir Alanın Yönelimleri (pp. 31–51). Dipnot Yayınları.
  • Griffiths, M. D., Wood, R. T. A., & Parke, J. (2009). Social Responsibility Tools in Online Gambling: A Survey of Attitudes and Behavior among Internet Gamblers. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 12(4), 413–421.
  • Grunig, J. E. (2000). Collectivism, Collaboration, and Societal Corporatism as Core Professional Values in Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1201_3
  • Grunig, J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing Public Relations. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Grunig, J. E., & White, J. (1992). The Effect of World Views on Public Relations Theory and Practice. In J. E. Grunig (Ed.), Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Managemen (pp. 31–64). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Hancock, L., Schellinck, T., & Schrans, T. (2008). Gambling and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Re-defining Industry and Stake Roles on Duty of Care, Host Responsibility and Risk Management. Policy and Society, 27(1), 55–68.
  • Harlow, R. F. (1977). Public Relations Definitions through the Years. Public Relations Review, 3(1), 49–63.
  • Heath, R. L. (2001). Shifting Foundations: Public Relations as Relationship Building. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of Public Relations (pp. 1–9). Sage.
  • Heath, R. L. (2009). The Rhetorical Tradition: Wrangle in the Marketplace. In R. L. Heath, E. L. Toth, & D. Waymer (Eds.), Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II (pp. 17–47). Routledge.
  • Heath, R. L., & Waymer, D. (2009). Activist public relations and the paradox of the positive: a case study of Frederick Douglass’ “Fourth of July Address.” In R. L. Heath, E. L. Toth, & D. Waymer (Eds.), Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II (pp. 195–215). Routledge.
  • Heath, R. L., Waymer, D., & Palenchar, M. J. (2013). Is the Universe of Democracy, Rhetoric, and Public Relations Whole Cloth or Three Separate Galaxies? Public Relations Review, 39(4), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2013.07.017
  • Ihlen, Ø., & van Ruler, B. (2009). Introduction: Applying Social Theory to Public Relations. . In Ø. Ø. Ihlen, B. van Ruler, & M. Fredriksson (Eds.), Public Relations and Social Theory: Key Figures and Concepts (pp. 1–20). Routledge.
  • Ihlen, Ø., & Verhoeven, P. (2009). Conclusions on the Domain, Context, Concepts,Issues, and Empirical Avenues of Public Relations. In Ø. Ihlen, B. van Ruler, & M. Fredriksson (Eds.), Public Relations and Social Theory: Key Figures and Concepts (pp. 323–340). Routledge.
  • Ihlen, Ø., & Verhoeven, P. (2012). A Public Relations Identity for the 2010s. Public Relations Inquiry, 1(2), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X11435083
  • Johnston, J. (2016). Public Relations and The Public Interest. Routledge.
  • Johnston, J. (2017). The Public Interest: A New Way of Thinking for Public Relations? Public Relations Inquiry, 6(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X16644006
  • Jones, P., Hillier, D., & Comfort, D. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility in the UK Gambling Industry. Corporate Governance , 9(2), 189–201.
  • Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2002). Toward a Dialogic Theory of Public Relations. Public Relations Review, 28(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(02)00108-X
  • L’Etang, J. (2002). Kurumsal Sorumluluk ve Halkla İlişkiler Etiği. In S. Yıldırım Becerikli (Ed.), Halkla İlişkilerde Eleştirel Yaklaşımlar (pp. 73–91). Vadi Yayınları.
  • L’Etang, J. (2004). Public Relations in Britain. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • L’Etang, J. (2016). Public Relations, Activism and Social Movements: Critical Perspectives. Public Relations Inquiry, 5(3), 207–211.
  • Messina, A. (2007). Public Relations, the Public Interest and Persuasion: An Ethical Approach. Journal of Communication Management, 11(1), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540710725978/FULL/XML
  • Mialon, M., & McCambridge, J. (2018). Alcohol Industry Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives and Harmful Drinking: A Systematic Review. The European Journal of Public Health, 28(4), 664–673.
  • Moloney, K. (2002). Rethinking Public Relations: The Spin and the Substance. . Routledge.
  • Moloney, K., McQueen, D., Surowiec, P., & Yaxley, H. (2013). Dissent and Protest Public Relations. Dissent and Public Relations Seminar Series. Public Relations Research Group.
  • Nestlé: Good food, Good life | Nestlé Global. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.nestle.com/
  • Nestle, M. (2006). Food Marketing and Childhood Obesity - A Matter of Policy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 354(24), 2527–2529.
  • Newsom, D., Turk, J. v., & Krukeberg, D. (2004). This is PR: the Realities of Public Relations. Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Pendleton, J. (2013). Public Relations, Discourse Practice and the Public Interest: Analysis of a Health Communication Campaign . RMIT University.
  • Pietracatella, R. J., & Brady, D. (2016). Drink Wisely Australians, but Keep Drinking: Does the Alcohol Industry in Australia Frame the Discourse on Alcohol to Maintain Hegemony? Media International Australia, 160(1), 53–66.
  • Post, J. E. (1985). Assesing the Nestlé Boycott: Corporate Accountability and Human Rights. California Management Review, 27(2), 113–131.
  • Russell, K. M., & Bishop, C. O. (2009). Understanding Ivy Lee’s Declaration of Principles: U.S. Newspaper and Magazine Coverage of Publicity and Press Agentry, 1865-1904. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 91–101.
  • Sanchez, J., Pintado, T., & López-Aza, C. (2022). Companies Taking a Stand: The Effect of Corporate Activism on Wall Street. Global Business Review, 1–22.
  • Seib, P. M., & Fitzpatrick, R. (1995). Public Relations Ethics. Harcourt Brace CollegePublishers.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J. (2013). The civility of social capital: Public relations in the public sphere, civil society, and democracy. Public Relations Review, 39(4), 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2012.12.004
  • Sorauf, F. J. (1957). The Public Interest Reconsidered. The Journal of Politics, 19(4), 616–639. https://doi.org/10.2307/2126954
  • Stauber, J., & Rampton, S. (1995). Toxic Sludge is Good for You: Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry. Common Courage Press.
  • Stoker, K., & Stoker, M. (2012). The Paradox of Public Interest: How Serving Individual Superior Interests Fulfill Public Relations’ Obligation to the Public Interest. Journal of Mass Media Ethics , 27(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2012.636242
  • Thompson, G. (2016). Towards a Theory of Rent-Seeking in Activist Public Relations . Public Relations Inquiry, 5(3), 213–231.
  • Tilley, E. (2015). The Paradoxes of Organizational Power and Public Relations Ethics: Insights from a Feminist Discourse Analysis. Public Relations Inquiry, 4(1), 79–98.
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Revisiting The Oxymoron: A Theoretical Discussion On Public Interest And Public Relations

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 447 - 466, 30.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1189411

Abstract

The concept of public interest, which is used as a way for public relations to differentiate itself from propaganda or other negative connotations, is among the basic concepts utilized by public relations practitioners and academics working in the field of public relations. Compliments or criticisms of public relations are generally shaped by the discussion on whether public relations serve the public interest, although there is no direct reference to the concept. While mainstream approaches in public relations claim that public relations serve the public interest and the public interest is the raison d’être of public relations, critical approaches underline that public relations serve the market interest instead of the public interest. This study, which focuses on the public interest debates in the public relations literature with a theoretical discussion over the tobacco, alcohol, gambling, and confectionery industries, aims to examine the relation between public interest and public relations by opening the discussion on the axis of the concepts of dialogue, ethics, and democracy. In this context, the study claims that public relations cannot work the common good due to examples of the aforementioned industries that do not comply with the concept of public interest; however, public relations is a rhetorical instrument that makes corporations appear as if they serve the public interest.

References

  • Benditt, T. M. (1973). The Public Interest . Philosophy & Public Affairs, 2(3), 229–311.
  • Bivins, T. H. (1993). Public Relations, Professionalism, and the Public Interest. Journal of Business Ethics 1993 12:2, 12(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00871931
  • Brunner, B. R., & Smallwood, A. M. K. (2019). Prioritizing Public Interest in Public Relations: Public Interest Relations. Public Relations Inquiry, 8(3), 245–264.
  • Cassinelli, C. W. (1958). Some Reflections on the Concept of the Public Interest. Ethics, 69(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1086/291189
  • Ciszek, E., Mocarski, R., Price, S., & Almeida, E. (2021). Discursive Stickiness: Affective Institutional Texts and Activist Resistance . Public Relations Inquiry, 10(3), 295–310.
  • Cochran, C. E. (1974). Political Science and “The Public Interest.” The Journal of Politics, 36(2), 327–355. https://doi.org/10.2307/2129473
  • Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2007). It’s Not Just PR: Public Relations in Society. Blackwell Publishing.
  • Day, K. D., Dong, Q., & Robins, C. (2001). Public Relations Ethics: An Overview and Discussion of Issues for the 21th Century. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of Public Relations (pp. 403–410). Sage.
  • Demetrious, K. (2022). Deep Canvassing: Persuasion, Ethics, Democracy and Activist Public Relations. Public Relations Inquiry, 11(3), 361–377.
  • Dow Schüll, N. (2012). Addiction by Design: Machine Gambling in Las Vegas. Princeton University Press.
  • DrinkWise . (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2022, from https://drinkwise.org.au/about-us/about/#
  • Dutta-Bergman, M. J. (2005). Civil Society and Public Relations: Not So Civil After All. Journal of Public Relations Research, 17(3), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1703_3
  • Edwards, H. H. (2006). A Rhetorical Typology for Studying the Audience Role in Public Relations Communication: The Avon 3-Day Disruption as Exemplar. Journal of Communication, 56(4), 836–860. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1460-2466.2006.00322.X
  • Ewen, S. (1996). PR! A Social History of Spin. Basic Books.
  • Fawkes, J. (2012). Interpreting Ethics: Public Relations and Strong Hermeneutics. Public Relations Inquiry, 1(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X12437023
  • Fitzpatrick, K. R. (1996). The Role of Public Relations in the Institutionalization of Ethics. Public Relations Review, 22(3), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(96)90048-X
  • Flathman, R. E. (1966). The Public Interest: An Essay Concerning the Normative Discourse of Politics. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Friedman, L. C. (2009). Tobacco Industry Use of Corporate Social Responsibility Tactics as a Sword and a Shield on Secondhand Smoke Issues. The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics, 37(4), 819–827.
  • Friedman, L. C., Cheyne, A., Givelber, D., Gottlieb, M. A., & Daynard, R. A. (2015). Tobacco Industry Use of Personal Responsibility Rhetoric in Public Relations and Litigation: Disguising Freedom to Blame as Freedom of Choice. American Journal of Public Health, 105(2), 250–260. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302226
  • Gaither, B. M., Austin, L., & Schulz, M. C. (2018). Delineating CSR and Social Change: Querying Corporations as Actors for Social Good. Public Relations Inquiry, 7(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X17743544
  • Gower, K. K. (2009). Halkla İlişkiler Araştırmaları Yol Ayrımında. In F. Keskin & B. P. Özdemir (Eds.), Halkla İlişkiler Üzerine: Disiplinlerarası Bir Alanın Yönelimleri (pp. 31–51). Dipnot Yayınları.
  • Griffiths, M. D., Wood, R. T. A., & Parke, J. (2009). Social Responsibility Tools in Online Gambling: A Survey of Attitudes and Behavior among Internet Gamblers. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 12(4), 413–421.
  • Grunig, J. E. (2000). Collectivism, Collaboration, and Societal Corporatism as Core Professional Values in Public Relations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 12(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1201_3
  • Grunig, J. E., & Hunt, T. (1984). Managing Public Relations. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
  • Grunig, J. E., & White, J. (1992). The Effect of World Views on Public Relations Theory and Practice. In J. E. Grunig (Ed.), Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Managemen (pp. 31–64). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Hancock, L., Schellinck, T., & Schrans, T. (2008). Gambling and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Re-defining Industry and Stake Roles on Duty of Care, Host Responsibility and Risk Management. Policy and Society, 27(1), 55–68.
  • Harlow, R. F. (1977). Public Relations Definitions through the Years. Public Relations Review, 3(1), 49–63.
  • Heath, R. L. (2001). Shifting Foundations: Public Relations as Relationship Building. In R. L. Heath (Ed.), Handbook of Public Relations (pp. 1–9). Sage.
  • Heath, R. L. (2009). The Rhetorical Tradition: Wrangle in the Marketplace. In R. L. Heath, E. L. Toth, & D. Waymer (Eds.), Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II (pp. 17–47). Routledge.
  • Heath, R. L., & Waymer, D. (2009). Activist public relations and the paradox of the positive: a case study of Frederick Douglass’ “Fourth of July Address.” In R. L. Heath, E. L. Toth, & D. Waymer (Eds.), Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II (pp. 195–215). Routledge.
  • Heath, R. L., Waymer, D., & Palenchar, M. J. (2013). Is the Universe of Democracy, Rhetoric, and Public Relations Whole Cloth or Three Separate Galaxies? Public Relations Review, 39(4), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2013.07.017
  • Ihlen, Ø., & van Ruler, B. (2009). Introduction: Applying Social Theory to Public Relations. . In Ø. Ø. Ihlen, B. van Ruler, & M. Fredriksson (Eds.), Public Relations and Social Theory: Key Figures and Concepts (pp. 1–20). Routledge.
  • Ihlen, Ø., & Verhoeven, P. (2009). Conclusions on the Domain, Context, Concepts,Issues, and Empirical Avenues of Public Relations. In Ø. Ihlen, B. van Ruler, & M. Fredriksson (Eds.), Public Relations and Social Theory: Key Figures and Concepts (pp. 323–340). Routledge.
  • Ihlen, Ø., & Verhoeven, P. (2012). A Public Relations Identity for the 2010s. Public Relations Inquiry, 1(2), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X11435083
  • Johnston, J. (2016). Public Relations and The Public Interest. Routledge.
  • Johnston, J. (2017). The Public Interest: A New Way of Thinking for Public Relations? Public Relations Inquiry, 6(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/2046147X16644006
  • Jones, P., Hillier, D., & Comfort, D. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility in the UK Gambling Industry. Corporate Governance , 9(2), 189–201.
  • Kent, M. L., & Taylor, M. (2002). Toward a Dialogic Theory of Public Relations. Public Relations Review, 28(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(02)00108-X
  • L’Etang, J. (2002). Kurumsal Sorumluluk ve Halkla İlişkiler Etiği. In S. Yıldırım Becerikli (Ed.), Halkla İlişkilerde Eleştirel Yaklaşımlar (pp. 73–91). Vadi Yayınları.
  • L’Etang, J. (2004). Public Relations in Britain. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • L’Etang, J. (2016). Public Relations, Activism and Social Movements: Critical Perspectives. Public Relations Inquiry, 5(3), 207–211.
  • Messina, A. (2007). Public Relations, the Public Interest and Persuasion: An Ethical Approach. Journal of Communication Management, 11(1), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540710725978/FULL/XML
  • Mialon, M., & McCambridge, J. (2018). Alcohol Industry Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives and Harmful Drinking: A Systematic Review. The European Journal of Public Health, 28(4), 664–673.
  • Moloney, K. (2002). Rethinking Public Relations: The Spin and the Substance. . Routledge.
  • Moloney, K., McQueen, D., Surowiec, P., & Yaxley, H. (2013). Dissent and Protest Public Relations. Dissent and Public Relations Seminar Series. Public Relations Research Group.
  • Nestlé: Good food, Good life | Nestlé Global. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2022, from https://www.nestle.com/
  • Nestle, M. (2006). Food Marketing and Childhood Obesity - A Matter of Policy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 354(24), 2527–2529.
  • Newsom, D., Turk, J. v., & Krukeberg, D. (2004). This is PR: the Realities of Public Relations. Wadsworth Publishing.
  • Pendleton, J. (2013). Public Relations, Discourse Practice and the Public Interest: Analysis of a Health Communication Campaign . RMIT University.
  • Pietracatella, R. J., & Brady, D. (2016). Drink Wisely Australians, but Keep Drinking: Does the Alcohol Industry in Australia Frame the Discourse on Alcohol to Maintain Hegemony? Media International Australia, 160(1), 53–66.
  • Post, J. E. (1985). Assesing the Nestlé Boycott: Corporate Accountability and Human Rights. California Management Review, 27(2), 113–131.
  • Russell, K. M., & Bishop, C. O. (2009). Understanding Ivy Lee’s Declaration of Principles: U.S. Newspaper and Magazine Coverage of Publicity and Press Agentry, 1865-1904. Public Relations Review, 35(2), 91–101.
  • Sanchez, J., Pintado, T., & López-Aza, C. (2022). Companies Taking a Stand: The Effect of Corporate Activism on Wall Street. Global Business Review, 1–22.
  • Seib, P. M., & Fitzpatrick, R. (1995). Public Relations Ethics. Harcourt Brace CollegePublishers.
  • Sommerfeldt, E. J. (2013). The civility of social capital: Public relations in the public sphere, civil society, and democracy. Public Relations Review, 39(4), 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2012.12.004
  • Sorauf, F. J. (1957). The Public Interest Reconsidered. The Journal of Politics, 19(4), 616–639. https://doi.org/10.2307/2126954
  • Stauber, J., & Rampton, S. (1995). Toxic Sludge is Good for You: Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry. Common Courage Press.
  • Stoker, K., & Stoker, M. (2012). The Paradox of Public Interest: How Serving Individual Superior Interests Fulfill Public Relations’ Obligation to the Public Interest. Journal of Mass Media Ethics , 27(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/08900523.2012.636242
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There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Relations
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Ebru Akçay 0000-0002-4792-9680

Publication Date January 30, 2023
Submission Date October 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akçay, E. (2023). Revisiting The Oxymoron: A Theoretical Discussion On Public Interest And Public Relations. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 10(1), 447-466. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1189411