Covid-19 ve Ergoterapi: Salgın Hastalıklara Hızlı Cevap Verme ve Hazırlıklı Olma Boyutuyla Bir Gözden Geçirme Çalışması

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 161 - 174, 09.09.2020

Sinem Salar Semin Akel

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.734403

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Dünya’nın globalleşmesi salgın hastalıkların yayılmasını kolaylaştırırken toplum sağlığını korumada da birlik içinde olmayı öğretmektedir. Bu nedenle, sağlık sisteminin parçası olan her profesyonel gibi ergoterapistlerin de salgın hastalık gibi halk sağlığını etkileyen durumlarda hazır olması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı;  COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde tüm ihtiyacı olan bireylere yönelik rehabilitasyonu planlama için ergoterapistlerin rol ve sorumluluklarını derlemektir. Bu süreçte kişilerin okupasyonlarını yürütme ve okupasyonlara ulaşma sırasında yaşadığı değişimler, adaptasyonlar ve bunların sonuçları ergoterapi açısından önemlidir. COVID-19 pandemisi ile ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçlara yönelik ergoterapistlerin hazır olması gereken alanlar bu derleme ile sıralanmıştır. Bireyi bütüncül değerlendiren ergoterapistler güvenli ve sağlıklı kalmak için enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerine uyma, erişme ve kullanma sırasında hayati ihtiyaçları mental sağlık, irade, psikolojik-fiziksel boyutları ile anlayabilir. Pandemiden en fazla etkilenen ülkelerden gelen yayınlar, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, Dünya Ergoterapistler Federasyonu, Amerikan Ergoterapi Derneği bazı temel konular üzerinde durmaktadır. Kaynaklara ulaşma, günlük yaşam aktiviteleri, akut bakım, iletişim, mobilite, stigma, sosyal izolasyon, mental sağlık ve iyi olma hali bu konular arasındadır. Bu derlemede, bahsedilen durumlara yönelik hizmet verilmesi için gerekli olan telesağlık, mental sağlık çalışmaları, bireysel/aile/toplum çalışmaları, yardımcı teknoloji, akut bakım konuları ele alınmıştır.

Keywords

Covid-19, Ergoterapi, akıl sağlığı, bakım, telerehabilitasyon

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

COVID-19 AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: A REVIEW STUDY IN THE ASPECT OF RAPID RESPONSE AND READINESS FOR EPIDEMIC DISEASES

Abstract

The globalization of the world
facilitates the spread of epidemics, meanwhile teaches to act together to
prevent community general health. Therefore, like any professional who is part
of the health system, occupational therapists should be ready in situations
that affect public health, such as epidemics. The purpose of this study is to review
the roles and responsibilities of occupational therapists in planning rehabilitaton
for all needed individuals during COVID-19 pandemic. The changes, adaptations and their consequences while
conducting the occupations and reaching the occlusions are important in terms
of occupational therapy. The areas where occupational therapists should be
ready for the needs emerging after COVID-19 are listed. Within a holistic
perspective, occupational therapists can understand
the vital needs on mental health, violition and physical/psychological aspects during
obeying infection control measures in order to stay safe and healthy. Recent
literature, World Health Organization, World Federation of Occupational
Therapists, and American Association of Occupational Therapy focus on some key
issues; accessing resources, daily life activities, acute care, communication,
mobility, stigma, social isolation, mental health and well-being are among
these topics. In this review, topics such as telehealth, mental health,
individual / family / community programs, assistive technology, and acute care that
are necessary to provide services for the afore mentioned situations are
discussed.

Keywords

Covid-19, Occupational Therapy, care, mental health, telerehabilitation

Project Number

yok

References

• Adams, R., Ellington, A., Armstead, K., Sheffield, K., Patrie, J., & Diamond, P. (2019). Upper extremity function assessment using a glove orthosis and virtual reality system. OTJR, 39(2), 81-89.
• American Occupational Therapy Association. (2013). Telehealth [Position paper]. Am J Occup Ther, 67(Suppl), 69-90.
• American Occupational Therapy Association decision guide. (2020). Retrieved from the web April 30 2020, https://www.aota.org/Practice/Mental-Health.aspx
• American Occupational Therapy Association. (2020). Occupational Therapy in Acute Care. Retrieved from the web April 29 2020, https://www.aota.org/about-occupational-therapy/professionals/rdp/acutecare.aspx
• Armitage, R., & Nellums, L. B. (2020). The COVID-19 response must be disability inclusive. Lancet Public Health. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2468-2667%2820%2930076-1
• Banerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak: Crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020 Apr;50:102014.
• Barlow, I. G, Liu, L, & Sekulic, A. (2009). Wheelchair seating assessment and intervention: A comparison between telerehabilitation and face-to-face service. Int J Telerehabil, 1(1), 17-28.
• Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., Lu, L., 2020. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet 22 (395), e37–e38.
• Beit Yosef, A., Jacobs, J. M., Shenkar, S., Shames, J., Schwartz, I., Doryon, Y., & Gilboa, Y. (2019). Activity performance, participation and quality of life among adults in the chronic stage after acquired brain injury-The feasibility of an occupation-based telerehabilitation intervention. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 1247.
• Borresen, A., Wolfe, C., Lin, C. K., Tian, Y., Raghuraman, S., Nahrstedt, K., ... & Annaswamy, T. (2019). Usability of an immersive augmented reality based telerehabilitation system with haptics (Artesh) for synchronous remote musculoskeletal examination. Int J Telerehabil, 11(1), 23.
• Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 912–20.
• Calton, B., Abedini, N., & Fratkin, M. (2020). Telemedicine in the Time of Coronavirus. J Pain Symptom Manage, 1-3. Doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.019 Cason, J. (2012). Telehealth opportunities in occupational therapy through the Affordable Care Act. Am J Occup Ther, 66(2), 131-136.
• Cason, J. (2014). Telehealth: A rapidly developing service delivery model for occupational therapy. Int J Telerehabil, 6(1), 29.
• Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Reducing Stigma. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/ reducingstigma.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fsymptoms-testing%2Freducing-stigma.html
• Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., Zhang, Z. (2020) Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 7(4),e15-e16.
• Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. NY: Harper Perennial.
• Collage of Occupational Therapy Ontorio (COTO) (2020). Collage Guidance on Occupational Threapy Services during COVID-19. https://www.coto.org/you-and-your-ot/information-on-covid-19
• DiGiovanni, G., Mousaw, K., Lloyd, T., Dukelow, N., Fitzgerald, B., D'Aurizio, H., ... & Zittel, J. (2020). Development of a telehealth geriatric assessment model in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. J Geriatr Oncol, Doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2020.04.007
• Ferre, C. L., Brand~ao, M., Surana, B., Dew, A. P., Moreau, N. G., & Gordon, A. M. (2017). Caregiver-directed homebased intensive bimanual training in young children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: A randomized trial. Dev Med Child Neurol, 59(5), 497–504.
• Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Fu H, Dai J. (2020)Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One. 16;15(4),e0231924.
• Gibbs, V., & Toth-Cohen, S. (2011). Family-centered occupational therapy and telerehabilitation for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Occup Ther Health Care, 25(4), 298–314.
• Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., & Wessely S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. BMJ. 26 (368),m1211.
• Hammell, K.W. (2020). Engagement in living: Critical perspectives on occupation, rights, and wellbeing. ON: CAOT Publications ACE.
• Hermann, V. H., Herzog, M., Jordan, R., Hofherr, M., Levine, P., & Page, S. J. (2010). Telerehabilitation and electrical stimulation: An occupation-based, client-centered stroke intervention. Am J Occup Ther, 64(1), 73-81.
• Hoffmann, T., Russell, T., Thompson, L., Vincent, A., & Nelson, M. (2008). Using the internet to assess activities of daily living and hand function in people with Parkinson’s disease. NeuroRehabilitation, 23, 253-261.
• Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., ... & Ford, T. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215036620301681
• Ho, C.S., Chee, C.Y., & Ho, R.C. (2020). Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 49(1),1-3.
• Hung KN, G., & Fong, K. N. (2019). Effects of telerehabilitation in occupational therapy practice: A systematic review. Hong Kong J Occup Th, 32(1), 3-21.
• Jacobs, K., Blanchard, B., & Baker, N. (2012). Telehealth and ergonomics: A pilot study. Technol Health Care, 20, 445-458.
• Kairy, D., Lehoux, P., Vincent, C., & Visintin, M. (2009). A systematic review of clinical outcomes, clinical process, healthcare utilization and costs associated with telerehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil, 31, 427- 447.
• Kho, M.E., Brooks, D., Namasivayam-MacDonald, A., Sangrar, R. and Vrkljan, B. (2020) Rehabilitation for Patients with COVID-19. Guidance for Occupational Therapists, Physical Therapists, Speech-Language Pathologists and Assistants. School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://srs-mcmaster.ca/covid-19/
• Lai J, Ma S,Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, et al. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease. JAMA Netw Open. 3(3),e203976.
• Lau, J. T., Yang, X., Pang, E., Tsui, H. Y., Wong, E., & Wing, Y. K. (2005). SARS-related perceptions in Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis, 11(3), 417-424.
• Little, L., Rojas, J., Bard, A., Luo, Y., Rous, B., & Irvin, D. (2019). Automated measures of communication for young children with autism in the community: A pilot study. OTJR, 39(2), 124-130.
• Liang, L., Ren, H., Cao, R., Qin, Z., Li, C., & Mei, S. (2020). The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health. Psychiatr Q. 21, doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3. Online ahead of print.
• Liu, L. (2018). Muriel Driver Lecture. Occupational therapy in the fourth industrial revolution. Can J Occup Ther, 85, 272-285.
• Liu, L., Miguel Cruz, A., Ruptash, T., Barnard, S., & Juzwishin, D. (2017). Acceptance of global positioning system technology among dementia clients and family caregivers. J Technol Hum Serv, 35, 99–119.
• Logie, C. H., & Turan, J. M. (2020). How Do We Balance Tensions Between COVID-19 Public Health Responses and Stigma Mitigation? Learning from HIV Research. AIDS Behav, 1-4. Doi: 10.1007/s10461-020-02856-8. Mattioli, A. V., & Ballerini Puviani, M. (2020). Lifestyle at Time of COVID-19: How Could Quarantine Affect Cardiovascular Risk. Am J Lifestyle Med, 1-3. Doi:10.1177/1559827620918808.
• Martinsen, U., Bentzen, H., Holter, M.K., Nilsen, T., Skullerud, H., Mowinckel, P., Kjeken, I. (2017).The effect of occupational therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Occup Ther. 24(2),89-97.
• Merryman M. B. (2019). Attitudinal environment and stigma. (Ed.) In C. Brown, V. C. Stoffel, & J. Munoz (Eds.), Occupational therapy in mental health: A vision for participation. FA: Davis.
• Mynard, L. (2020). Normal Life Has Been Disrupted: Managing the disruption caused by COVID-19. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.coteceurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/OT-Guide-COVID-19-March-2020.pdf
• National Allience of Mental Illness (2020). Covid-19 Resource and Information Guide. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.nami.org/covid-19-guide
• Ng, E. M., Polatajko, H. J., Marziali, E., Hunt, A., Dawson, D. R. (2013). Telerehabilitation for addressing executive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj, 27, 548–64.
• Phua, J., Weng, L., Ling, L., Egi, M., Lim, C.M., & Divatia, J.V., et al. (2020). Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations. Asian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group. Lancet Respir Med. 8(5), 506-517.
• Pramuka, M., & van Roosmalen, L. (2009). Telerehabilitation technologies: Accessibility and usability. Int J Telerehabil, 1(1), 85.
• Rajkumar, R.P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian J Psychiatr. 10(52),102066.
• Ricker, J. H., Rosenthal, M., Garay, E., DeLuca, J., Germain, A., Abraham-Fuchs, K., & Schmidt, K. U. (2002). Telerehabilitation needs: A survey of persons with acquired brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil, 17(3), 242-250.
• Shanafelt T, Ripp J, Trockel M. Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA. 2020 Apr 7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5893.
• Schein, R. M., Schmeler, M. R., Holm, M. B., Pramuka, M., Saptono, A., & Brienza, D. M. (2011). Telerehabilitation assessment using the Functioning Everyday with a Wheelchair-Capacity instrument. J Rehabil Res Dev, 48, 115-124.
• Steel, K., Cox, D., & Garry, H. (2011). Therapeutic videoconferencing interventions for the treatment of long-term conditions. J Telemed Telecare, 17, 109-117.
• Sweeny, K., Rankin, K., Cheng, X., Hou, L., Long, F., Meng, Y., ... & Zhang, W. (2020). Flow in the Time of COVID-19: Findings from China. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://psyarxiv.com/e3kcw/
• Thombs, B.D., Bonardi, O., Rice, D.B., Boruff, J.T., Azar, M., He, C., Markham, S., Sun, Y., Wu,Y., Krishnan, A., Thombs-Vite, I., & Benedetti, A. (2020). Curating evidence on mental healthduring COVID-19: A living systematic review. J Psychosom Res. 21,110113.
• UNICEF. (2020). Briefing note on addressing mental health and psychosocial aspects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.unicef.org/documents/briefing-note-addressing-mental-health-psychosocial-aspects-coronavirus-disease-covid-19
• UNICEF & WHO. (2020). Covid-19 Stigma Guide. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid19-stigma-guide.pdf?sfvrsn=226180f4_2
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., Ho, R.C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirusdisease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int. J Environ. Res. Public Health 17 (5), E1729.
• World Health Organisation (WHO) (2020) http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncovtechnicalguidance/ coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak-technical-guidance-europe/mental-health-and-covid-19
• World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). (2014). World Federation of Occupational Therapists' Position Statement on Telehealth. International journal of telerehabilitation. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://telerehab.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/Telerehab/article/viewFile/6153/6492
• World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). (2019). Occupational Therapy and Assistive Technology [Position Statement]. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. file:///C:/Users/ACER/Contacts/Downloads/Occupational-therapy-and-Assistive-Technology%20(2).pdf
• World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). (2020). Occupational Therapy Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic [Public Statement]. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. https://www.wfot.org/about/public-statement-occupational-therapy-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic
• World Health Organization & World Bank. (2011). World report on disability. Retrived from the Web May 5, 2020. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789240685215_eng.pdf
• Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., Yang, N., 2020a. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Med. Sci. Monit. 26, e923549.
• Zandifar, A., Badrfam, R. (2020). Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr. Mar 4;51:101990.
• Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z. F. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17(7), 2381.
• Zhu, Y., Chen, W., Xin, X., Yin, Y., Hu, J., Lv, H. et al. (2019). Epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures in elderly patients during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. Int Orthop. 2020 Apr 29:1-6. doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04575-0.