Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğu Olan Ailelerin Covid-19 Nedeniyle Karantina Sürecindeki Stresle Başa Çıkma Stratejileri ile Aktivite-Rol Dengeleri Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 63 - 72, 17.05.2022

Ebru Yıldız , Hülya Yücel , Filiz Yağcı

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.922953

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı karantina sürecinde özel gereksinimli çocuk ebeveynlerinin ortaya çıkan stresle baş etme stratejileri ile aktivite-rol dengeleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklemini 15 Mart-15 Haziran 2020 tarihlerinde karantina dönemi nedeniyle özel eğitim ve tedavilerine ara vermek durumunda olan özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip 54 ebeveyn oluşturdu. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan bilgi formu, Stresle Başa Çıkma Tutumları Ölçeği (Coping Strategies with Stress Inventory-COPE), Zarit Bakım Veren Yükü Ölçeği (Zarit BVYÖ) ve Aktivite-Rol Denge Anketi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Stresle başa çıkma tutumları ile bakım yükü arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde (r= 0,536; p=0,000) anlamlı ilişki olduğu bulundu. Stresle başa çıkma tutumları ile aktivite-rol dengesi arasında (r= -0,167; p=0,274) ve bakım yükü ile aktivite-rol dengesi arasında (r= 0,180; p=0,238) anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı (p>0,05). Çalışmaya katılan ebeveynlerin karantina döneminde bakım verme yükleri nedeni ile en fazla rekreasyonel aktivitelerine katılım zorluğu yaşadıkları bulundu (20 kişi, %37,2). Tartışma: Özel gereksinimli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerde stresle başa çıkma stratejileri ve aktivite-rol dengelerini etkileyebilecek başka parametrelerin incelendiği çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Ayrıca ebeveynlerin algılanan bakım veren yükü arttıkça serbest zaman aktivitelerine katılımda zorluk yaşadıkları sonucu dikkate alınarak yaşam dengesinin düzenlenmesi hedefli ergoterapi programlarının oluşturulması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

baş etme becerileri, ebeveynler, engelli çocuklar, koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 virüsü

Relationship Between Stress Coping Strategies and Activity-Role Balances of Families with Children Having Special Needs in the Quarantine Situation Because of Covid-19

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the stress coping strategies of parents of children with special needs during the quarantine process and their activity-role balances. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 54 parents with children with special needs who had to interrupt their special education and treatment due to the quarantine period between 15 March and 15 June 2020. Information form created by the researchers, the Coping Strategies with Stress Inventory (COPE), Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (Zarit BVYÖ) and the Activity-Role Balance Questionnaire were used as data collection tools. Results: It was found that there was a positive moderate (r= 0.536; p=0.000) significant relationship between coping strategies with stress and the burden of care. There was no significant relationship between coping strategies with stress and activity-role balance (r= -0.167; p=0.274), and between care burden and activity-role balance (r= 0.180; p=0.238). It was found that the parents participating in the study had the most difficulty in participating in recreational activities due to their caregiving burden during the quarantine period (20 people, 37.2%). Conclusion: There is a need for studies examining the strategies of coping with stress and other parameters that may affect the activity-role balance of parents with children with special needs. In addition, considering the result that parents have difficulty in participating in leisure time activities as the perceived caregiver burden increases, it is recommended to create occupational therapy programs aimed at regulating life balance.

Keywords

Coping skills, parents, children with disabilities, coronavirus disease 2019 virus

References

• Adams, E. L., Smith, D., Caccavale, L. J., & Bean, M. K. (2021). Parents are stressed! Patterns of parent stress across COVID-19. Front Psychiatry, 12, 300-309. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626456
• Ağargün, M. Y., Beşiroğlu, L., Kıran, Ü., Özer, Ö. A., & Kara, H. (2005). COPE (Başa çıkma tutumlarını değerlendirme ölçeği): psikometrik özelliklere ilişkin bir ön çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg, 6(4), 221-226.
• American Psychological Association (APA). (2020). Stress in the time of COVID-19. Retrieved from the Web August 25, 2020. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2020/report
• Anaby, D. R., Backman, C. L., & Jarus, T. (2010). Measuring occupational balance: a theoretical exploration of two approaches. Can J Occup Ther, 77(5), 280-288. https://doi.org/10.2182/cjot.2010.77.5.4
• Atagün, M. İ., Balaban, Ö. D., Atagün, Z., Elagöz, M., & Özpolat, A. Y. (2011). Kronik hastalıklarda bakım veren yükü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(3), 513-552.
• Balki, S., & Canbay, Ö. (2012). Serebral palsili çocukların anne-babalarında depresyon seviyesini belirleyen değişkenler. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (4), 242-249.
• Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet, 395(10224), e37-e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
• Bozkurt, G., Uysal, G., & Düzkaya, D. S. (2019). Examination of care burden and stress coping styles of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. J Pediatr Nurs, 47, 142-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.05.005
• Caicedo, C. (2014). Families with special needs children: family health, functioning, and care burden. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 20(6), 398-407. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390314561326
• Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach. J Pers Soc Psychol, 56(2), 267-283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
• Cusinato, M., Iannattone, S., Spoto, A., Poli, M., Moretti, C., Gatta, M., et al. (2020). Stress, resilience, and well-being in Italian children and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(22), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228297
• Deater-Deckard, K. (1998). Parenting stress and child adjustment: some old hypotheses and new questions. Clin Psychol Sci Pract, 5(3), 314–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.x
• Doğu, S. E. (2020). Aktivite dengesi. H. Yücel (Ed.), Aktivite Temelli Ergoterapi, (Birinci baskı, ss.87-97). Ankara, Hipokrat Kitabevi. ISBN: 978-605-7874-81-8.
• Downs, M. L. (2008). Leisure routines: parents and children with disability sharing occupation. J Occup Sci, 15(2), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2008.9686616
• Dür, M., Brückner, V., Oberleitner-Leeb, C., Fuiko, R., Matter, B., & Berger, A. (2018). Clinical relevance of activities meaningful to parents of preterm infants with very low birth weight: a focus group study. PLoS One, 13(8), e0202189. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202189
• Gülaldı D. (2010). Erken Çocuklukta Serebral Palsi'li ve Otistik Çocuk Annelerinin Ebeveyn Stres Düzeylerinin Yaşam Doyumları ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Günal, A., Pekçetin, S., Demirtürk, F., Şenol, H., Håkansson, C., & Wagman, P. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Turkish Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-T). Scand J Occup Ther, 27(7), 493-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1673479
• Håkansson, C., Björkelund, C., & Eklund, M. (2011). Associations between women’s subjective perceptions of daily occupations and life satisfaction, and the role of perceived control. Aust Occup Ther J, 58(6), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2011.00976.x
• Heller, T., Hsieh, K., & Rowitz, L. (1997). Maternal and paternal caregiving of persons with mental retardation across the lifespan. Fam Relat, 46(4), 407-415. https://doi.org/10.2307/585100
• Hodgetts, S., McConnell, D., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Nicholas, D. (2014). The impact of autism services on mothers' occupational balance and participation. OTJR, 34(2), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20130109-01
• Hou, W. K., Lai, F. T., Ben-Ezra, M., & Goodwin, R. (2020). Regularizing daily routines for mental health during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. J Glob Health, 10(2), 1-3. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.020315
• İnci, F., & Erdem, M. (2006). Bakım Verme Yükü Ölçeği’nin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4), 85-95.
• Kahraman, Ö.G., & Çetin, A. (2015). Gelişimsel geriliği olan bebeğe sahip annelerin tanı sonrası yaşadıkları sürece ilişkin görüşlerinin ve gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi. INT-JECSE, 7(1), 97-128.
• Kaya E. (2019). Hastasına Evde Bakım Verenlerde Stres Düzeyi ve Stresle Başa Çıkmada Sosyal Desteğin Etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.
• Lehman, C. M., Irvin, L. K., & Teaching Research Division. (1996). Support for families with children who have emotional or behavioral disorders. Educ Treat Children, 19(3), 335-353.
• Liu, M., Lambert, C. E., & Lambert, V. A. (2007). Caregiver burden and coping patterns of Chinese parents of a child with a mental illness. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 16(2), 86-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2007.00451.x
• McGuire, B. K., Crowe, T. K., Law, M., & VanLeit, B. (2004). Mothers of children with disabilities: occupational concerns and solutions. OTJR, 24(2), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/153944920402400203
• McStay, R. L., Trembath, D., & Dissanayake, C. (2014). Stress and family quality of life in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: parent gender and the double ABCX model. J Autism Dev Disord, 44(12), 3101-3118. Doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2178-7
• Montirosso, R., Mascheroni, E., Guida, E., Piazza, C., Sali, M. E., Molteni, M., et al. (2021). Stress symptoms and resilience factors in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Psychol, 40(7), 428-438. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000966
• Özel, Y. & Karabulut, A. B. (2018). Günlük yaşam ve stres yönetimi. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 48-56.
• Özşenol, F., Işıkhan, V., Ünay, B., Aydın, H. İ., Akın, R., & Gökçay, E. (2003). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin aile işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 45(2), 156-164.
• Palisano, R., Rosenbaum, P., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E. & Galappi, B. (2014). Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. In S. Alshryda, & J. Wright (Eds.), Classic Papers in Orthopaedics (pp. 575-577). Springer, London.
• Park, E. Y., & Nam, S. J. (2019). Time burden of caring and depression among parents of individuals with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil, 41(13), 1508-1513. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1432705
• Reid, H., Miller, W. C., Esfandiari, E., Mohammadi, S., Rash, I., Tao, G., et al. (2021). The impact of COVID-19–related restrictions on social and daily activities of parents, people with disabilities, and older adults: protocol for a longitudinal, mixed methods study. JMIR Res Protoc, 10(9), e28337. doi:10.2196/28337
• Röschel, A., Wagner, C., & Dür, M. (2021). Examination of validity, reliability, and interpretability of a self-reported questionnaire on Occupational Balance in Informal Caregivers (OBI-Care)–A Rasch analysis. PLoS One, 16(12), e0261815. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261815
• Şengül, S., & Baykan, H. (2013). Zihinsel engelli çocukların annelerinde depresyon, anksiyete ve stresle başa çıkma tutumları. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 14(1), 30-39.
• Wagman, P., & Håkansson, C. (2014). Introducing the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ). Scand J Occup Ther, 21(3), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2014.900571
• Wagman, P., Håkansson, C., Jacobsson, C., Falkmer, T., & Björklund, A. (2012). What is considered important for life balance? Similarities and differences among some working adults. Scand J Occup Ther, 19(4), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2011.645552
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation report-72 Retrieved from the Web April 1, 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200401-sitrep-72-covid-19.pdf
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Statement on cases of COVID-19 surpassing 100 000 Retrieved from the Web March 7, 2020. https://www.who.int/news/item/07-03-2020-who-statement-on-cases-of-covid-19-surpassing-100-000
• Zarit, S. H., Reever, K.E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist, 20(6), 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649
• Zwar, L., König, H. H., & Hajek, A. (2020). Psychosocial consequences of transitioning into informal caregiving in male and female caregivers: findings from a population-based panel study. Soc Sci Med, 264, 113281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113281