Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Genç Erişkin Bireylerde Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Solunum Kapasitesi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyini Etkiler mi?

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 100 - 107, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1498792

Abstract

Amaç: Genç erişkin bireylerdeki akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeyinin bireylerin solunum kapasitesi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerine etkisini incelemek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18 yaş ve üzeri bireyler dahil edildi. Bireylere demografik veri formu, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi Kısa Formu uygulandı. Ek olarak bireylerin solunum kapasitelerini değerlendirmek için Tepe Ekspirasyon Akış Hızı ölçümleri yapıldı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar için Mann-Whitney U testi, korelasyon analizi için Pearson testi, kategorik değişkenler için Ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı açısından cinsiyet farkı bulunmazken, erkek katılımcılarda beden kitle indeksi ve tepe ekspiratuar akım hızı açısından anlamlı fark saptandı (sırasıyla p= 0,001, p=0,0001). Akıllı telefon kullanım düzeyi ile fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve tepe ekspiratuar akım hızı arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı (p>0,05). Akıllı telefon bağımlılık durumu sigara kullanımı açısından değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptandı (p=0,0001). Sigara kullanmayan bireylerin aynı zamanda akıllı telefon bağımlısı da olmadığı görüldü. Tartışma: Sigara alışkanlıkları ve cinsiyet faktörlerinin etkili olabileceği akıllı telefon bağımlılığı toplumsal tarama ve eğitim ile önlenebilir. Bireylerin bilinçlendirilmesi, basit postüral eğitim ve solunum egzersizlerle bu bağımlılığın minimale indirilmesi açısından fizyoterapistlere büyük sorumluluklar düşmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Çalışma için etik kurul izni alınmış olup,Helsinki deklarasyonu göre çalışma yürütülmüştür.

Supporting Institution

yok.

Thanks

Çalışmaya katılan bireylere teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Alonazi, A., Almutairi, W., Bains, G., Daher, N., & Alismail, A. (2021). Effects of smartphone addiction on children’s lung function. Pediatric International, 63(3), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14367
  • Azam, M., Ali, A., Mattiullah, J., & Perveen, N. (2020). Physical activity, sports participation, and smartphone addiction in adolescent students: a systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 20(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.1.2
  • Cagan, O., & Koca, B. (2020). Evaluation of high school students’ smartphone addiction and insomnia level. Galenos & Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine Disclaimer, 7(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2020.84755
  • Chun, H., Lee, H., & Kim, D. (2012). The integrated model of smartphone adoption: Hedonic and utilitarian value perceptions of smartphones among Korean college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 473–479. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0140
  • Çiçek, B., Şahin, H., & Erkal, S. (2021). Covıd-19 salgın döneminde üniversite öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılığının incelenmesi. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 52–80. https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.771890
  • Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., et al. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
  • Davey, S., & Davey, A. (2014). Assessment of smartphone addiction in Indian adolescents: a mixed method study by systematic-review and meta-analysis approach. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(12), 1500–1511.
  • Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
  • De-Sola Gutiérrez, J., Rodríguez de Fonseca, F., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-phone addiction: a review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7(175), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175
  • Eitivipart, A. C., Viriyarojanakul, S., & Redhead, L. (2018). Musculoskeletal disorder and pain associated with smartphone use: a systematic review of biomechanical evidence. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 38(2), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013702518300010
  • Erdoğanoğlu Y, Arslan BÇ. Gençlerde akıllı telefon kullanımının fiziksel kapasite üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2019;20(5):499-505. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.22386
  • Güler, H., Şahinkayası, Y., & Şahinkayası, H. (2017). İnternet ve mobil teknolojilerin yaygınlaşması: fırsatlar ve sınırlılıklar. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(14), 186–207.
  • Hamilton, M. T., Hamilton, D. G., & Zderic, T. W. (2007). Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, 56(11), 2655–2667. https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-0882
  • Katzmarzyk, P. T., Church, T. S., Craig, C. L., & Bouchard, C. (2009). Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(5), 998–1005. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181930355
  • Kattainen, S., Lindahl, A., Vasankari, T., Ollila, H., Volmonen, K., Piirilä, P., et al. (2022). Lung function and exercise capacity 6 months after hospital discharge for critical COVID-19. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(1), 243. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-02023-w
  • Kautiainen, S., Koivusilta, L., Lintonen, T., Virtanen, S. M., & Rimpelä, A. (2005). Use of information and communication technology and prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 29(8), 925–933. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802994
  • Kim, D., Lee, Y., Lee, J., Nam, J. K., & Chung, Y. (2014). Development of Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale for youth. PLOS ONE, 9(5), e97920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097920
  • Kim, S. M., Huh, H. J., Cho, H., Kwon, M., Choi, J. H., Ahn, H. J., et al. (2014). The effect of depression, impulsivity, and resilience on smartphone addiction in university students. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 53(4), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.4.214
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction: A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528–3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528
  • Kuyucu, M. (2017). Gençlerde akıllı telefon kullanımı ve akıllı telefon bağımlılığı sorunsalı: “Akıllı telefon (kolik)” üniversite gençliği. Global Media Journal Turkish Edition, 7(14), 328–359.
  • Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., Sanders, G. J., Rebold, M., & Gates, P. (2013). The relationship between cell phone use, physical and sedentary activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in a sample of US college students. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(79), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-79
  • Mok, J. Y., Choi, S. W., Kim, D. J., Choi, J. S., Lee, J., Ahn, H., et al. (2014). Latent class analysis on internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 817–828. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S59293
  • Montag C, Wegmann E, Sariyska R, Demetrovics Z, Brand M. How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with “smartphone addiction”? Journal of Behavioral Addictions.2021;9(4):908-914. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.59
  • Noyan, C. O., Enez Darçın, A., Nurmedov, S., Yılmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2015). Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16(Özel sayı.1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.176101
  • Owen, N., Healy, G. N., Matthews, C. E., & Dunstan, D. W. (2010). Too much sitting: The population health science of sedentary behavior. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 38(3), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181e373a2
  • Öztürk, M. (2005). Üniversitede Eğitim-Öğretim Gören Öğrencilerde Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenirliği ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Ratan, Z. A., Parrish, A. M., Zaman, S. B., Alotaibi, M. S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2021). Smartphone addiction and associated health outcomes in adult populations: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 12257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212257
  • Rosenberg, D. E., Norman, G. J., Wagner, N., Patrick, K., Calfas, K. J., & Sallis, J. F. (2010). Reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7(6), 697–705. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.6.697
  • Schilling, T., Kozian, A., Kretzschmar, M., Huth, C., Welte, T., Bühling, F., et al. (2007). Effects of propofol and desflurane anaesthesia on the alveolar inflammatory response to one-lung ventilation. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 99(3), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aem184
  • Ünal, M. H. (2015). Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara.

Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 100 - 107, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1498792

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the effect of smartphone addiction levels on respiratory capacity and physical activity levels in young adults. Materials and Methods: Individuals aged 18 and over were included in the study. Participants completed a demographic data form, the Short Form of the Smartphone Addiction Scale, and the Short Form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Additionally, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) measurements were performed to assess respiratory capacity. Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons, Pearson test for correlation analysis, and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: No gender difference was found in smartphone addiction levels, while male participants showed a significant difference in body mass index and PEFR (p=0.001, p=0.0001, respectively). No significant relationship was found between smartphone use, physical activity level, and PEFR (p>0.05). A significant difference was observed in smartphone addiction status regarding smoking (p=0.0001). Non-smokers were also found not to be addicted to smartphones. Conclusion: To mitigate the negative effects of smartphone addiction, smoking habits and gender-related factors should be considered, and physiotherapists have an essential role in social screening, awareness, and postural training to reduce predisposition to addiction.

References

  • Alonazi, A., Almutairi, W., Bains, G., Daher, N., & Alismail, A. (2021). Effects of smartphone addiction on children’s lung function. Pediatric International, 63(3), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14367
  • Azam, M., Ali, A., Mattiullah, J., & Perveen, N. (2020). Physical activity, sports participation, and smartphone addiction in adolescent students: a systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 20(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.1.2
  • Cagan, O., & Koca, B. (2020). Evaluation of high school students’ smartphone addiction and insomnia level. Galenos & Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine Disclaimer, 7(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2020.84755
  • Chun, H., Lee, H., & Kim, D. (2012). The integrated model of smartphone adoption: Hedonic and utilitarian value perceptions of smartphones among Korean college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 473–479. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0140
  • Çiçek, B., Şahin, H., & Erkal, S. (2021). Covıd-19 salgın döneminde üniversite öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılığının incelenmesi. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 52–80. https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.771890
  • Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., et al. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
  • Davey, S., & Davey, A. (2014). Assessment of smartphone addiction in Indian adolescents: a mixed method study by systematic-review and meta-analysis approach. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(12), 1500–1511.
  • Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
  • De-Sola Gutiérrez, J., Rodríguez de Fonseca, F., & Rubio, G. (2016). Cell-phone addiction: a review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 7(175), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00175
  • Eitivipart, A. C., Viriyarojanakul, S., & Redhead, L. (2018). Musculoskeletal disorder and pain associated with smartphone use: a systematic review of biomechanical evidence. Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal, 38(2), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1013702518300010
  • Erdoğanoğlu Y, Arslan BÇ. Gençlerde akıllı telefon kullanımının fiziksel kapasite üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi. 2019;20(5):499-505. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.22386
  • Güler, H., Şahinkayası, Y., & Şahinkayası, H. (2017). İnternet ve mobil teknolojilerin yaygınlaşması: fırsatlar ve sınırlılıklar. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(14), 186–207.
  • Hamilton, M. T., Hamilton, D. G., & Zderic, T. W. (2007). Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes, 56(11), 2655–2667. https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-0882
  • Katzmarzyk, P. T., Church, T. S., Craig, C. L., & Bouchard, C. (2009). Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(5), 998–1005. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181930355
  • Kattainen, S., Lindahl, A., Vasankari, T., Ollila, H., Volmonen, K., Piirilä, P., et al. (2022). Lung function and exercise capacity 6 months after hospital discharge for critical COVID-19. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(1), 243. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-022-02023-w
  • Kautiainen, S., Koivusilta, L., Lintonen, T., Virtanen, S. M., & Rimpelä, A. (2005). Use of information and communication technology and prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 29(8), 925–933. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802994
  • Kim, D., Lee, Y., Lee, J., Nam, J. K., & Chung, Y. (2014). Development of Korean smartphone addiction proneness scale for youth. PLOS ONE, 9(5), e97920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097920
  • Kim, S. M., Huh, H. J., Cho, H., Kwon, M., Choi, J. H., Ahn, H. J., et al. (2014). The effect of depression, impulsivity, and resilience on smartphone addiction in university students. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 53(4), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.4.214
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction: A review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528–3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528
  • Kuyucu, M. (2017). Gençlerde akıllı telefon kullanımı ve akıllı telefon bağımlılığı sorunsalı: “Akıllı telefon (kolik)” üniversite gençliği. Global Media Journal Turkish Edition, 7(14), 328–359.
  • Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., Sanders, G. J., Rebold, M., & Gates, P. (2013). The relationship between cell phone use, physical and sedentary activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness in a sample of US college students. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(79), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-79
  • Mok, J. Y., Choi, S. W., Kim, D. J., Choi, J. S., Lee, J., Ahn, H., et al. (2014). Latent class analysis on internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 817–828. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S59293
  • Montag C, Wegmann E, Sariyska R, Demetrovics Z, Brand M. How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of Internet use disorders and what to do with “smartphone addiction”? Journal of Behavioral Addictions.2021;9(4):908-914. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.59
  • Noyan, C. O., Enez Darçın, A., Nurmedov, S., Yılmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2015). Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerinde Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16(Özel sayı.1), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.176101
  • Owen, N., Healy, G. N., Matthews, C. E., & Dunstan, D. W. (2010). Too much sitting: The population health science of sedentary behavior. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 38(3), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181e373a2
  • Öztürk, M. (2005). Üniversitede Eğitim-Öğretim Gören Öğrencilerde Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketinin Geçerliliği ve Güvenirliği ve Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Ratan, Z. A., Parrish, A. M., Zaman, S. B., Alotaibi, M. S., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2021). Smartphone addiction and associated health outcomes in adult populations: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 12257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212257
  • Rosenberg, D. E., Norman, G. J., Wagner, N., Patrick, K., Calfas, K. J., & Sallis, J. F. (2010). Reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 7(6), 697–705. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.6.697
  • Schilling, T., Kozian, A., Kretzschmar, M., Huth, C., Welte, T., Bühling, F., et al. (2007). Effects of propofol and desflurane anaesthesia on the alveolar inflammatory response to one-lung ventilation. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 99(3), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aem184
  • Ünal, M. H. (2015). Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. (Doktora tezi). Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ankara.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Rehabilitation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hüseyin Gerdan 0000-0003-4101-3716

Gözde Kesikbaş 0000-0001-9510-3229

Elif Asan 0000-0002-5586-0716

Mine Pekesen Kurtça 0000-0003-2740-725X

Nilgün Bek 0000-0002-2243-5828

Early Pub Date May 21, 2025
Publication Date May 30, 2025
Submission Date June 10, 2024
Acceptance Date January 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gerdan, H., Kesikbaş, G., Asan, E., Pekesen Kurtça, M., et al. (2025). Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 13(2), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1498792
AMA Gerdan H, Kesikbaş G, Asan E, Pekesen Kurtça M, Bek N. Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. May 2025;13(2):100-107. doi:10.30720/ered.1498792
Chicago Gerdan, Hüseyin, Gözde Kesikbaş, Elif Asan, Mine Pekesen Kurtça, and Nilgün Bek. “Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 13, no. 2 (May 2025): 100-107. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1498792.
EndNote Gerdan H, Kesikbaş G, Asan E, Pekesen Kurtça M, Bek N (May 1, 2025) Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 13 2 100–107.
IEEE H. Gerdan, G. Kesikbaş, E. Asan, M. Pekesen Kurtça, and N. Bek, “Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?”, Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 100–107, 2025, doi: 10.30720/ered.1498792.
ISNAD Gerdan, Hüseyin et al. “Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?”. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 13/2 (May 2025), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1498792.
JAMA Gerdan H, Kesikbaş G, Asan E, Pekesen Kurtça M, Bek N. Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2025;13:100–107.
MLA Gerdan, Hüseyin et al. “Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 2, 2025, pp. 100-7, doi:10.30720/ered.1498792.
Vancouver Gerdan H, Kesikbaş G, Asan E, Pekesen Kurtça M, Bek N. Does Smartphone Addiction Affect Respiratory Capacity and Physical Activity Level in Young Adults?. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2025;13(2):100-7.

Journal of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation by Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalcc.svg?ref=chooser-v1by.svg?ref=chooser-v1nc.svg?ref=chooser-v1