The ethical duties and responsibilities listed below have been prepared with reference to the guidelines and policies published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as open access.
Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics
• Plagiarism: Presenting the original ideas, methods, data or works of others as one's own, in whole or in part, without proper attribution in accordance with scientific rules.
• Fabrication: Using data that does not actually exist or has been falsified in scientific research.
• Distortion: Altering research records or obtained data, presenting equipment or materials not used in the research as if they had been used, altering or shaping research results in line with the interests of the individuals and organisations providing support,
• Duplicate publication: Presenting duplicate publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
• Salami slicing: Dividing the results of a research study into parts in an inappropriate manner that compromises the integrity of the research and publishing them as multiple publications, presenting these publications as separate publications for academic appointments and promotions,
• Unfair authorship: Including individuals who have not made an active contribution among the authors or excluding those who have, changing the author order in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of those who have made an active contribution from subsequent editions, or including one's name among the authors by using one's influence despite not having made an active contribution,

Other types of ethical violations include:
a) Failing to acknowledge the individuals, institutions, or organisations that provided support for research resulting in publications,
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or defended as sources without the permission of the owner,
c) Failing to comply with ethical rules in research involving humans and animals, failing to respect patient rights in publications,
c) Acting contrary to the provisions of relevant legislation in biomedical research involving humans and other clinical research,
d) Sharing information contained in a work assigned for review with others prior to publication without the express permission of the author,
e) Using resources, premises, facilities and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research for purposes other than those intended,
f) Making unfounded, unwarranted, and deliberate allegations of ethical violations,
g) Publishing data obtained without the explicit consent of participants in surveys and attitude studies conducted as part of scientific work, or without the additional consent of the institution if the research is to be conducted at an institution,
h) Harming animal health and ecological balance in research and experiments,
ı) Failing to obtain the necessary written permissions from the competent authorities before commencing research and experiments.
i) Conducting research and experiments that violate the relevant provisions of legislation or international agreements to which Turkey is a party.
j) Failure by researchers and officials to comply with the obligation to inform and warn relevant parties about potentially harmful practices related to scientific research,
k) In scientific studies, failing to use data and information obtained from other persons and institutions to the extent and in the manner permitted, failing to respect the confidentiality of this information and failing to ensure its protection.
l) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions.

Ethics Committee Approval
Our journal requires that all studies in scientific fields requiring ethics committee approval have obtained the relevant ethics committee decision. In this context, information regarding ethics committee approval (committee name, date, and decision number) must be clearly stated in the article text.
In line with the regulations implemented by Ulakbim TR Index since 2020, studies without ethics committee approval are not considered for publication in our journal.

Studies Requiring Ethics Committee Approval
Studies requiring ethics committee approval in our journal include the following:
• All research conducted using qualitative or quantitative approaches involving data collection from participants through methods such as surveys, interviews, focus group studies, observation, experiments, and discussion techniques,
• Studies involving the use of humans and animals (including materials or data) for experimental or other scientific purposes,
• Clinical research conducted on humans,
• Scientific research conducted on animals,
• Retrospective studies within the framework of the Personal Data Protection Law.
For such studies to be considered for evaluation, the relevant ethical committee approvals must have been obtained and these approvals must be clearly stated in the article text.

Plagiarism Check
Articles submitted to our journal for publication are scanned using the intihal.net programme to confirm that they do not contain plagiarism. The acceptable similarity rate in our journal is 20%. If plagiarism is detected in an article submitted to or published in our journal, our journal acts in accordance with COPE principles.

Use of Artificial Intelligence
The use of artificial intelligence in studies submitted to our journal is acceptable in processes that do not affect the originality of the article, such as literature review or language control. However, the use of artificial intelligence must be carried out within the framework of ethical rules and must not be used for unethical purposes such as fabricated data or manipulation.
For studies involving the use of artificial intelligence, it is mandatory to inform our journal of this situation during the article submission stage. All responsibility regarding the use of artificial intelligence lies with the authors themselves.

Privacy Statement
All personal data submitted to our journal is protected. Data belonging to authors, referees, and other individuals is not shared with third parties or institutions.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
Editors may consider publishing a correction if minor errors are found in a published article that do not affect the findings, interpretations, or conclusions. Editors should consider retracting an article when major errors/violations invalidate the findings and conclusions. COPE guidelines are taken into account regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern.

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
Our journal is obliged to protect the intellectual property rights of all published articles and to defend the rights of the journal and the author(s) in the event of possible infringements.

Conflicts of Interest
Our journal ensures that the publication process is completed independently and impartially, taking into account conflicts of interest between authors, reviewers, and other editors.

Complaints and Appeals to Our Journal
You may email any complaints or appeals regarding content, procedures, or policies under the responsibility of our journal or its editorial board members to erendergisi@beu.edu.tr. Complaints and appeals submitted to our journal are carefully reviewed and evaluated in accordance with COPE principles.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF STAKEHOLDERS

Responsibilities of Publishers
• To act in accordance with the principles of impartiality, transparency, and ethics at all stages of the publication process.
• Not to interfere with the independent decision-making processes of editors.
• To clearly present the journal's publication policy, open access conditions, copyright, and ethical principles on its website.
• Conduct necessary investigations into publication ethics violations (plagiarism, etc.) and proceed according to COPE guidelines.
• Ensure confidentiality in the peer review process.
• Ensure the digital archiving and long-term accessibility of articles.

Responsibilities of Editors
• Make publication decisions based on scientific merit, originality, and peer reviewer opinions.
• Keep the identities of reviewers and authors confidential from each other.
• Refer articles to at least two independent reviewers with subject expertise.
• Refrain from participating in the evaluation of articles where the editor or editorial board has a conflict of interest.
• Take immediate action in cases of corrections, retractions, or ethical violations.
• Evaluate authors' appeals through a fair process.
• To be responsible for implementing and updating the journal's ethical policies.
• To conduct the timing, communication, and decision-making processes transparently during the publication process.

Authors' Responsibilities
• To declare that the submitted work is original, scientific, and compliant with ethical principles.
• To commit that the article has not been previously published and is not simultaneously submitted to another journal.
• Ensure that all authors have made a meaningful contribution to the article and have approved it.
• Cite all sources used appropriately.
• Clearly state any funding, conflicts of interest, or support information.
• Respond to referee or editor feedback on a scientific basis.
• Verify or provide access to data when required.
• Immediately notify the editor of any errors discovered after publication.

Responsibilities of Reviewers
• Strictly adhere to the principle of confidentiality during the review process.
• Complete the review objectively, constructively, and in a timely manner.
• Inform the editor if there is a personal or institutional conflict of interest.
• Evaluate the scientific content, methodological accuracy, and citation appropriateness.
• Inform the editor when ethical violations (plagiarism, etc.) are detected in the article.
• Focus on scientific quality without being influenced by factors such as language, country, or author identity.

PUBLICATION POLICIES

Article Evaluation Process
The article evaluation process in our journal consists of four main stages: preliminary review, peer review, revision, and publication.

1. Preliminary Review
Submitted works are first evaluated by the editor for compliance with the journal's publication policies, academic writing principles, and the APA 7 Citation System. At this stage, a similarity scan is performed using the İntihal.net software. The similarity rate is expected to be below 20%; works exceeding this limit are returned to the author with an explanation.

2. Peer Review Process
For works that meet the preliminary review criteria, a double-blind peer review process is initiated. The article is sent to two independent referees who are experts in the field. Both the author and referee identities are kept confidential throughout the review process; the process is conducted in accordance with ethical principles and confidentiality rules.
The work is accepted for publication based on positive reports from both referees.
If one of the referees gives a negative opinion, the article is referred to a third referee for a final decision.

3. Revision Process
If revisions are requested by the referees, authors must submit the work with the suggested corrections marked in a different colour (e.g. red). The changes made are first reviewed by the editor and then re-examined by the relevant referees.
Works that have completed the referee process are also reviewed by the journal's language editors.
Where deemed necessary in terms of language and writing, authors are asked to make additional corrections. The linguistic revisions made are checked again and approved.

4. Publication Process
Articles that have completed all scientific, technical, and linguistic processes are prepared for publication after typesetting and layout. Approved works are published in the following issue.

Archiving, Open Access and Copyright Policy
Works published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. Our journal also allows authors to archive versions of their work on their own websites, institutional websites and other repositories. As the journal is open access, there is no embargo period.

Authors retain the copyright to their work published in our journal, and their work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). All works published in our journal are published as open access under the CC BY 4.0 licence. Articles published in our journal can be accessed free of charge at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eren/archive.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue may be published once a year at the request of the Editorial Board of our journal. Articles submitted for inclusion in a special issue are first subject to editorial pre-review. They are then examined for compliance with the journal's writing rules and similarity scanning is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, they undergo a peer review process using a double-blind model.

Fee Policy
Article publication and the execution of article processes in the journal are free of charge. No processing fee or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication.

Advertising and Sponsorship Policy
Advertising and sponsorship are not accepted in our journal. All expenses of our journal are covered by the Publisher.