THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECONDARY SCHOOLS STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF SCHOOL CLIMATE, THEIR SCHOOL BELONGING AND THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between secondary school students' perceptions of school climate, their school belonging and their academic achievement. This descriptive study uses the correlational survey model. The participants were 340 sixth and seventh graders at a secondary school in the 2007-2008 academic year. To this end, the students were administered the School Climate Scale and the School Belonging Scale, and the average of their first term grades was used as a measure of academic achievement. This study found no significant difference between the students' perceptions of school climate and their school belonging by gender and grade. However, a significant differences were found between the students' perceptions of school climate and their school belonging, and their perceptions of school climate, school belonging and their academic success.

Keywords

• School Climate,School Belonging,academic success

References

1. Açıkalın, A. (1994). Teknik ve Toplumsal Yönleriyle Okul Yöneticiliği. Ankara: PEGEM Yayın No: 10.
2. Adelabu, D. D. (2007). Time perspective and school membership as correlates to academic achievement among African American adolescents. Adolescence, 42(167), 525-538.
3. Akar-Vural, R., Yılmaz-Özelçi, S., Çengel, M. & Gömleksiz, M. (2013). The development of the “Sense of belonging to school” Scale. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 53, 215-230.
4. Anderman, E. M. (2002). School effects on psychological outcomes during adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 795–809.
5. Anderson, C. M. (2010). Linking perceptions of school belonging to academic motivation and academic achievement amongst student athletes: A comparative study between High Revenue Student Athletes and Non-Revenue Student Athletes. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). University of California, California, USA.
6. Anderson, C S. (1982). The search for school climate: A review of research. Review of Educational Research, 52(3), 368-420.
7. Arslan, G. & Duru, E. (2017). Initial development and validation of the school belongingness Scale. Child Indicators Research, 10(4), 1043-1058.
8. Balcı, A. (2007). Etkili Okul ve Okul Geliştirme: Kuram, Uygulama ve Araştırma. Ankara: PegemA.

9. Blum, R. (2005). School connectedness: Improving the lives of students. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
10. Booker, C., K. (2004). Exploring school belonging and academic achievement in African American adolescent. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 6(2), 131- 143.
11. Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2015). EğitimYönetiminde Yeni Yapı ve Davranış. 19. Baskı. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. Ankara.
12. Cohen, J., Mccabe, E.M., Michelli, N. M. & Pickeral, T. (2009). School climate: Research, policy, practice, and teacher education. Teachers College Record, 111 (1), 180–213.
13. Çalık, T. & Kurt, T. (2010). Okul iklimi ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 157(35), 167-180.
14. Duru, E. & Balkıs, M. (2015). Birey-çevre uyumu, aidiyet duygusu, akademik doyum ve akademik başarı arasındaki ilişkilerin analizi. Ege Eğitim Dergisi (16) 1: 122-141.
15. Ellis T.I. (1988). School climate. Research Roundup, 4(2), 1-6.
16. Faour M. (2012). The Arab world's education report card: School climate and citizenship skills. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Finn, J. D. (1989). Withdrawing from school. Review of Educational Research, 59(2), 117– 142.
17. Godeneow, C. (1992a). Strengthening the links between educational psychology and the study of social contexts. Educational Psychologist, 27(2), 177-196.
18. Goodenow, C. (1992b, April). School motivation, engagement, and sense of belonging among urban adolescent students. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
19. Goodenow, C. (1993). The psychological sense of school membership among adolescents: Scale development and educational correlates. Psychology in the Schools, 30, 79-90
20. Goodenow, C., & Grady, K. E. (1993).The relationship of school belonging and friends' values to academic motivation among urban students. The Journal of Experimental Education, 62(1), 60-71.
21. Gonder P.O. & Hymes D. (1994). Improving school climate and culture. (AASA Critical Issues Report No. 27) Arlington, VA: American Association of School Administrators.
22. Heck, R. H. (2009). Teacher effectiveness and student achievement: Investigating a multilevel cross-classified model. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(2), 227-249.
23. Hoy, W.K. (2003). School climate. In J.W. Guhtrie (Ed.), Encylopedia of Education (2nd ed.), (pp. 2121-2124). New York: Thompson Gale.
24. Hoy, W. K., & Miskel, C. G. (2012). Eğitim Yönetimi: Teori, Uygulama ve Araştırma (Ed. & Trans S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel
25. Karasar N. (2003). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Loukas, A., Suzuki, R. & Horton, K.D. (2006). Examining school connecyedness as a mediator of school climate effects. Journal of Research on Adolesence, 16 (3), 491- 502. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1532- 7795.2006.00504.x/
26. Lubienski, S. T., Lubienski, C & Crane, C. C. (2008). Achievement differences and school type: The role of school climate, teacher certification and instruction. American Journal of Education, 115, 97–138.
27. Marshall, M. L. (2004). Examining school climate: Defining factors and educational influences. Retrieved (31/07/2017) from Georgia State University Center for Mitchell ve ark., 2010), Mitchell, M.M, Bradshaw, C.P., & Leaf, P.J. (2010). Student and teacher perceptions of school climate: A multilevel exploration of patterns of discrepancy. Journal of School Health, 80, 6: 271-279. Norton M. S. (1984). What is so important about school climate? Contemporary Education, 56, 43-45. http://education.gsu.edu/schoolsafety.
28. Okçu, V. (2008). Eğitimde toplam kalite yönetiminin uygulanması. Millî Eğitim, (179), 283-292.
29. O’Neill, F. K. (2009). Giving from our bodily belongings: Is donation an appropriate -paradigm for the giving of bodies and body parts? HEC Forum, 21(2), 151–174. doi:10.1007/s10730-009-9094-9
30. Osterman, F. K. (2000). Students' need for belonging in the school community. Revıew of Educational Research, 70(3), 323-367
31. Özdemir, M. (2012). Lise öğrencilerinin metaforik okul algılarının çeşitli değişkenler bakımından incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(163), 96-109.
32. Özdemir S. & Sezgin F. (2002). Etkili okullar ve öğretim liderliği. Kirgizistan Manas Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 266-282.
33. Özdemir,S., Sezgin, F., Şirin,H., Karip,E. & Erkan S.(2010). İlköğretim okulu öğrencilerinin okul iklimine ilişkin algılarını yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesi. H. Ü. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (H. U. Journal of Education), 38 (2010), 213-224.
34. Pittman, L. D. V. & Richmond, A. (2008). University belonging and friendship quality during the transition to college: Links to self-perceptions and psychological symptoms. Journal of Experimental Education, 76, 343- 361.
35. Roeser, R.,W., Midgley, C., & Urdan, T., C. (1996). Perceptions of the school psychological environment and early adolescents’ psychological and behavioral functioning in school: The mediating role of goals and belonging. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88 (3), 408-42.
36. Sandy, W. Kimberlee, J. S., Cassandra, M.C. ve Robinson, J. (2007). Improving school climate and student behavior: A new paradigm for Indiana schools. Center For Evaluation and Education Policy, 5(9), 8p. www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search 09.11.2010.
37. Suldo, S. M., McMahan, M.M., Chappel, A. M. & Loker, T. (2012). Relationships between perceived school climate and adolescent mental health across genders. School Mental Health, 4, 69-80. Doi: 10.1007/s12310-012-9073-1 Sweetland S.R. & Hoy, W.K. (2000). School characteristics and educational outcomes: toward an organizational model of student achievement in middle schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 36(5), 703-729.
38. Turan, S. (1998). Measuring Organizational Climate and Organizational Commitment in the Turkish Educational Context. Paper presented an the University Counsil for Educational Administration’s Annual Meeting. October 29-Nowember 1, 1998, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. (ERIC NO: ED429359),
39. Wang, M.T. & Degol, J. L. (2016). School climate: a review of the construct, measurement, and ımpact on student outcomes. Educ Psychol Rev, 28, 315-352. Doi: 10.1007/s10648-015-9319-1
40. Yazgan, İ. B. & Yerlikaya, E .E. (2010). Kişilik Kuramları. (3.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınevi.