(WATER SCARCITY IN AZERBAIJAN AND SARSANG RESERVOIR ISSUE WITH ARMENIA)

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 52, 189 - 220, 01.12.2015

Tuğba Evrim Maden

Öz

Water is the fundamental compound of all life on earth. Waterresources, which are becoming more scarce, play a crucial role in energyand food production. This characteristic hence causes water to be as animportant resource as fossil fuels are. Water has been a prerequisate, athreat or a weapon in wars and in bilateral relations between states. Thereis a water shortage in Azerbaijan. There are concerns that this shortagewill cause social and economial problems in the upcoming years. NagornoKarabakh has been an issue between Armenia and Azerbaijan for years.An unknown side of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is the Sarsang waterreservoirs located inside its borders. Armenia has been using the occupiedSarsang reservoirs as a weapon against Azerbaijan. This study focuses onpolitical dimension of water, the general status of Azerbaijan’s waterresources and Armenia’s course of using the Sarsang reservoir as a threat

Anahtar Kelimeler

Azerbaijan, Armenia, Water, Nagorno-Karabakh, SarsangResevoir

AZERBAYCAN’DA SU KITLIĞI VE ERMENİSTAN İLE SARSANG REZERVUARI SORUNU

Öz

Su dünyada yaşam döngüsünün temel yapıtaşı olan elementtir. Kıt birkaynak haline gelmeye başlayan su kaynakları, enerji ve gıda üretimindeönemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu özelliği ile su, fosil kaynaklar kadar önemlibir hale gelmiştir. Su, savaşlarda veya devletlerin ikili ilişkilerinde birönşart, tehdit veya silah olarak kullanılmaktadır. Azerbaycan’da bir susıkıntısı yaşanmaktadır. Bu sıkıntının önümüzdeki yıllarda da artmasındanve ülkenin sosyal ve ekonomik yapısını etkilemesinden endişe edilmektedir.Karabağ, Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan arasında uzun yıllardır varolan birsorundur. Karabağ sorununun bilinmeyen bir yönü ise sınırları içerisindeyer alan Sarsang Rezervuarıdır. Ermenistan, işgal altında tuttuğu Sarsangrezervuarını Azerbaycan’a karşı bir silah olarak kullanmaktadır. Buçalışmada suyun politik boyutu ve Azerbaycan’da su kaynaklarının geneldurumu değerlendirilirken, Ermenistan’ın Sarsang rezervuarını bir tehditaracı olarak kullanma süreci ele alınacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Azerbaycan, Ermenistan, Su, Dağlık Karabağ Sarsang Rezervuarı

Kaynakça

• Alakbarov A.B., “Groundwater of Azerbaijan”, http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/groundwater_governance/Groun dwater_of_Azerbaijan.pdf
• “Azerbaijan, Georgia Make Progress Towards the Joint Sustainable Management of Kura River”, 1 May 2013. Online at: http://waterl.iisd.org/news/azerbaijan-georgia-make-progress-towards-the-joint-sustain able-management-of-kura-river/ Avazova M., “Water Resources of Azerbaijan, Their Management and Bilateral Agreements”, Almaty, September 10-13, 2012
• Batur Yamaner M., A. Emre Öktem , Bleda Kurtdarcan, Mehmet C. Uzun, 12 Ağustos 1949 tarihli Cenevre Sözleşmeleri ve Ek protokolleri, Galatasaray Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları: 42, GSÜ ve ICRC, İstanbul.
• Bosnjakovic B., (1998), “UN/ECE Strategies for protecting the Environment with Respect to International Watercourses: The Helsinki and Espoo Conventions”, International Watercourses: Enhancing Cooperation and Managing Conflict. Washington.
• Campana Michael E., Berrin Basak Vener, and Baek Soo Lee, (2012), “Hydrostrategy, Hydropolitics, and Security in the Kura-Araks Basin of the South Caucasus,” Universities Council on Water ResourcesJournal of Contemporary Water Research & Education Issue 149, s. 22-32, December 2012.
• Er Tayfun, “Benden sonrası tufan”, Takvim Gazetesi, 14 Temmuz 2014, http://www.takvim.com.tr/guncel/2014/07/14/benden-sonrasi-tufan FAO,(2008), Irrigation in the Middle East region in figures; Aquastat Survey2008, FAO Water Reports 24, Roma.
• Gouldson A., Elena Lopez Gunn, Jamie Van Alstine, (2008), “New Alternative and Complementary Environmental Policy Instruments and the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive”, Europe Environment, 18.
• Imanov Farda A., (2007), “Water Infrastructure of Kura River Basin Within Azerbaijan”, International Congress on River basin management. http://www2.dsi.gov.tr/english/congress2007/chapter_1/08.pdf International Law Association (ILA), (2004), “Water Resources Law”, Berlin Conference, Fourth Report.
• “Islamic State militants threaten Turkey with violence if Euphrates water supply not restored”, 11 August 2015, online at: http://rt.com/news/179352- euphrates-is-militants-turkey/
• İmanov F.Ə., Ələkbərov A.B., ƏsədovM.Y., (2015) “Azərbaycanın su ehtiyatlarının müasir dəyişmələri və onların inteqrasiyalı idarə edilməsi”, Bakü.
• Kaika, M. , B.Page, (2003),“ The EU Water Framework Directive: Part 1. European Policy-Making and the Changinig Topography of Lobbying”, European Environment, 13, s.314-327.
• Mammadzadeh Ibrahim,“Water Resources Management in the Republic of Azerbaijan: Overview and Outlook”, http://www.gwp.org/Global/GWPCACENA_Files/en/pdf/azerbaijan.pdf
• Matthew McDonald, (2001), “The Environment and Security: The Euphrates River”, Department of Government University of Queensland. Mustafayev A, Rauf Garayev, “Legal Aspects of Reparation for Damage Caused to Azerbaijan as a Result of Armenian Aggression”, www.irsaz.com.
• Özyılmaz Emine Vildan, (2013), “Geçmişten Günümüze Dağlık Karabağ”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 15 /2.
• Peter Gleick, (1993), “Water and Conflict; Fresh Water Resources and International Security”, International Security, vol.18, no.1.
• Reducing Transboundary Degradation in the Kura Ara(k)s River Basin, http://www.kura-aras.org/Welcome.html
• Rekolainen S., J.Kamari, M.Hiltunen, (2003), “A Conceptual Framework for Identifying the need ana Role of Models in the Implementation of the Water Framework Directive, Int. J. River Basin Management, vol.1, no.4.
• Rockström J., Malin Falkenmark, Louise Karlberg, Holger Hoff, Stefanie Rost andDieter Gerten, (2009), “Future water availability for global food production: The potential of green water for increasing resilience to global change”, Water Resources Research, Volume 45, Issue 7, July 2009
• Strategic Foresight Group, (2014), Water and Violence; Crisis of Survival in the Middle East, Mumbai.
• Swain, A., (2004), Managing Water Conflict; Asia, Africa And The Middle East, London, Routledge.
• Taslakyan L.,(2014), “Transboundary Management of the Kura-Araks River Basin”, Dundee.
• The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan, http://www.stat.gov.az/source/agriculture/indexen.php “The Azerbaijan Republic National Water Strategy”, (2013)
• UN, (2004)“Environmental Performance Reviews of Azerbaijan”, Chapter 7: Water Management.
• UNESCO, (2006), Water as a Shared Responsibility, The United Nations World Water Development Report II, New York.
• World War II: Operation Chastise - The Dambuster Raids http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/aerialcampaigns/p/dambusters.htm
• Vener Berrin Basak, (2006), “The Kura-Araks Basin: Obstacles and Common Objectives for an Integrated Water Resources Management Model among Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia”, Unpublished Master thesis.
• Verdiyev R., (2012) “National Water Strategy of Azerbaijan Republic”, Cenevre.
• Yılmaz R., (2010), “Azerbaycan Dış Siyasetinde Bağımsızlık Sonrası Yıllar ve Karabağ Problemi”, Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi.