Research Article

Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province

Volume: 8 Number: 4 December 31, 2025
EN

Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province

Abstract

Climate change is causing global environmental and social problems through its effects on the Earth's climate system, and cities are intensely feeling these impacts. This study aims to examine the sensitivity and vulnerability of open and green spaces in the city of Düzce to the effects of climate change, and to present strategies to mitigate this damage. Located in an area exposed to the effects of climate change, Düzce presents an important example in terms of the management and protection of open and green spaces. With its location exposed to the effects of climate change, Düzce presents an interesting example in terms of management and protection of open and green spaces. The scope of the study consists of methods such as field research, data analysis, and literature review to determine Düzce's climate characteristics and climate change effects. The open and green spaces of Düzce are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Climate change impacts such as extreme heat waves, heavy rainfall, flood risks, and drought in the city reveal that these areas are highly fragile. These effects can lead to significant problems in the areas in question. Therefore, local governments, planners, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector, academic institutions, research centers, and local communities should work in collaboration to increase the region's resilience against climate change. In conclusion, determining management strategies suitable for Düzce's unique climate conditions can provide a roadmap for solving problems both for the city itself and for similar geographies.

Keywords

References

  1. R. Munang, J. Andrews, K. Alverson and D. Mebratu, ‘‘Harnessing ecosystem-based adaptation to address the social dimensions of climate change,’’ Environment Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 56(1), pp. 18-24, 2014.
  2. E. Kaya and O. Uzun, ‘‘Kentsel açık ve yeşil alan planlamasında katılımcılık görüşlerini birlikte kullanan uluslararası çalışmaların bibliyometrik analizi,’’ Kent Akademisi Dergisi, Vol. 17(3), pp. 1060-1085, 2024.
  3. I. Azuz-Adeathand and A. Yañez-Arancibia, ‘‘Climate change: Ecological and socio economic dimensions in the coastal zone,’’ Ecological Engineering, Vol. 130, pp. 228-232, 2019.
  4. C. N. D. Dhaher and A. Gümüş, ‘‘Lessons from media-centered climate change literatüre,’’ Sustainability. Vol. 14(3), pp. 1404, 2022.
  5. F. Charlson, S. Ali, T. Benmarhnia, M. Pearl, A. Massazza, J. Augustinavicius and J. G. Scott, ‘‘Climate change and mental health: A scoping review,’’ International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18(9), pp. 4486, 2021.
  6. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), (2009). Disaster Category Classification and peril Terminology for Operational Purposes, Munich Reinsurance Company, Working Paper.
  7. K. Vijayaraghavan, Green roofs: A critical review on the role of components, benefits, limitations and trends, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, pp. 740-752. 2016.
  8. A. F. Clewell and J. Aronson, (2013). Ecological Restoration: Principles, Values, and Structure of an Emerging Profession. Island Press.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ecological Impacts of Climate Change and Ecological Adaptation

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

November 18, 2025

Publication Date

December 31, 2025

Submission Date

August 24, 2024

Acceptance Date

January 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 4

APA
Kaya, E., & Özkan Önür, Ö. (2025). Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province. Environmental Research and Technology, 8(4), 873-886. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1531850
AMA
1.Kaya E, Özkan Önür Ö. Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province. ERT. 2025;8(4):873-886. doi:10.35208/ert.1531850
Chicago
Kaya, Eda, and Özlem Özkan Önür. 2025. “Determining the Vulnerability of Urban Open and Green Spaces to Climate Change: The Case of Düzce Province”. Environmental Research and Technology 8 (4): 873-86. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1531850.
EndNote
Kaya E, Özkan Önür Ö (December 1, 2025) Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province. Environmental Research and Technology 8 4 873–886.
IEEE
[1]E. Kaya and Ö. Özkan Önür, “Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province”, ERT, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 873–886, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.35208/ert.1531850.
ISNAD
Kaya, Eda - Özkan Önür, Özlem. “Determining the Vulnerability of Urban Open and Green Spaces to Climate Change: The Case of Düzce Province”. Environmental Research and Technology 8/4 (December 1, 2025): 873-886. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1531850.
JAMA
1.Kaya E, Özkan Önür Ö. Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province. ERT. 2025;8:873–886.
MLA
Kaya, Eda, and Özlem Özkan Önür. “Determining the Vulnerability of Urban Open and Green Spaces to Climate Change: The Case of Düzce Province”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 8, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 873-86, doi:10.35208/ert.1531850.
Vancouver
1.Eda Kaya, Özlem Özkan Önür. Determining the vulnerability of urban open and green spaces to climate change: The case of Düzce province. ERT. 2025 Dec. 1;8(4):873-86. doi:10.35208/ert.1531850