Application of material recovery facility (MRF) model in the context of community-based waste management – A study in Cham Island, Hoi An City, Vietnam

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of material recovery facility (MRF) in dealing with problems of solid waste management systems, reducing solid waste generation, and raising awareness among residents in Cu Lao Cham island (CLC). Additionally, perception of islanders toward operation and development of MRF was also assessed. Literature review was conducted to have general understanding on status of MRF operation. Waste flow analysis was performed to illustrate waste flow of MRF by scenarios. In-depth interviews, observation, and questionnaire survey were applied to gain deep social insights into operation and potential for expansion of MRF. The results denoted that MRF recovered 51.41 kg of solid waste per day, accounting for 1.75% of the total MSW generated from households in CLC. Products from MRF, environmental effectiveness, the effectiveness of education and information publicity, and social cooperation had statistically significant effects on the participation of habitants in the operation and development of MRF. The MRFs will reduce 5.5% and 16% of the total domestic waste to Eo Gio in 2025 and 2028. The MRF was expected to attain financial independence from around 2025. Results from this study were scientific bases for managers, planners, policy-makers and other stakeholders for management and development of MRF not only in CLC but also other islands in developing countries.

Keywords

• Community-based waste management
• Cu Lao Cham Island
• Hoi An City
• material recovery facility (MRF)
• solid waste management

References

1. A. Abdillah, I. Widianingsih, R. A. Buchari, and H. Nurasa, "Trends community-based waste management practice through waste bank in Indonesia: towards local environmental resilience," Local Environment, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 1004-1007, 2024.
2. S. A. S. Fatin, H. M. Abdul, I. A. S. Suwaibatul, and A. Mariah, "A review on the success factors for community participation in solid waste management," in International conference on management (icm 2011), 2011.
3. A. L. Wynne, P. M. Nieves, V. M. Vulava, H. N. Qirko, and T. J. Callahan, "A community-based approach to solid waste management for riverine and coastal resource sustainability in the Philippines," Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 151, pp. 36-44, 2018/01/01/ 2018.
4. P. Sukholthaman and A. Sharp, "A system dynamics model to evaluate effects of source separation of municipal solid waste management: A case of Bangkok, Thailand," Waste Management, vol. 52, pp. 50-61, 2016/06/01/ 2016.
5. M. A. Budihardjo, S. Y. Ardiansyah, and B. S. Ramadan, "Community-driven material recovery facility (CdMRF) for sustainable economic incentives of waste management: Evidence from Semarang City, Indonesia," Habitat International, vol. 119, p. 102488, 2022/01/01/ 2022.
6. N. Indrianti, "Community-based Solid Waste Bank Model for Sustainable Education," Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 224, pp. 158-166, 2016.
7. G. Tchobanoglous, H. Theisen, and S. Vigil, Intergrated Solid Waste Management Engineering Principles and Management Issue. McGraw-Hill, 2000.
8. Y.-C. Chen and S.-L. Lo, "Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions for several municipal solid waste management strategies," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 113, pp. 606-612, 2016.

9. F. Laili and K. Ulli, "Bibliometric Analysis of Waste Bank Research for Solid Waste Management: 2008 – 2018," Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 40-52, 2018.
10. A. Challcharoenwattana and C. Pharino, "Co-Benefits of Household Waste Recycling for Local Community’s Sustainable Waste Management in Thailand," Sustainability, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 7417-7437, 2015.
11. S. Raharjo, T. Matsumoto, T. Ihsan, I. Rachman, and L. Gustin, "Community-based solid waste bank program for municipal solid waste management improvement in Indonesia: a case study of Padang city," Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 201-212, 2015.
12. Q. M. B. Soesanto, L. R. Utomo, I. Rachman, and T. Matsumoto, "Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis of Municipal Waste Management Strategies," Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development, vol. 4, no. 1, 2021.
13. C. Shu et al., "Whole‐process and multi‐stakeholder‐based solid waste management framework construction for industrial parks: Toward circular economy development," Journal of Industrial Ecology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 928-941, 2024.
14. K. R. Mattson, J. B. Pettersen, and H. Brattebø, "Incineration economy: Waste management policy failing the circular economy transition in Norway," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 210, 2024.
15. Y. Liang, Q. Tan, Q. Song, and J. Li, "An analysis of the plastic waste trade and management in Asia," Waste Manag, vol. 119, pp. 242-253, Jan 1 2021.
16. J. W. Creswell, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, 3nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc, 2013, pp. xxi, 448.
17. Y. D. Tong, T. D. X. Huynh, and T. D. Khong, "Understanding the role of informal sector for sustainable development of municipal solid waste management system: A case study in Vietnam," Waste Management, vol. 124, pp. 118–127, Apr 1 2021.
18. . F. Hair, J. J. Risher, M. Sarstedt, and C. M. Ringle, "When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM," European Business Review, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 2-24, 2019.
19. J. F. Hair, M. C. Howard, and C. Nitzl, "Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis," Journal of Business Research, vol. 109, pp. 101-110, 2020/03/01/ 2020.
20. J. F. J. Hair, M. H. G. Tomas, M. R. Christian, S. Marko, P. D. Nicholas, and R. Soumya, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Springer Cham, 2021.
21. A. Maiurova et al., "Promoting digital transformation in waste collection service and waste recycling in Moscow (Russia): Applying a circular economy paradigm to mitigate climate change impacts on the environment," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 354, 2022.
22. C. A. Igwegbe, P. E. Ovuoraye, A. Białowiec, O. D. Onukwuli, and P. A. Balogun, "Green flocculation for sustainable remediation of municipal landfill leachate using Parkia biglobosa extract: optimization, mechanistic insights and implication for design," Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2024.
23. X. Jian, Y. Liu, Z.-L. Ye, and W.-Q. Chen, "Influence of mandatory waste classification on environmental and economic impacts of residual waste treatment in Xiamen, China," Waste Management & Research, p. 0734242X241265055, 2024.
24. F. Tanguay-Rioux, R. Legros, and L. Spreutels, "On the limits of empirical partition coefficients for modeling material recovery facility unit operations in municipal solid waste management," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 293, 2021.
25. M. L. Mastellone, R. Cremiato, L. Zaccariello, and R. Lotito, "Evaluation of performance indicators applied to a material recovery facility fed by mixed packaging waste," Waste Manag, vol. 64, pp. 3-11, Jun 2017.
26. K. Hanuschke, A. Batomalaque, L. Sanchez, A. R. Romallosa, and J. Paul, “Evaluation of Waste Diversion Effects Through a Low-Cost, Gravity-Driven Waste Sorting Plant in San Carlos City, Philippines”. 2013.
27. V. R. K. Galarpe, "Socio-Demographic Assessment of Surrounding Community to a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) and a Dumpsite: The Case of Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines," Journal of Sustainable Development Studies, vol. 8, p. 260, 01/01 2015.
28. S. Roy, P. R. Kaushik, P. Sangwan, and S. Herat, "Effectiveness of NGOs in mountainous solid waste management: A case study from Healing Himalayas in Rakchham, Himachal Pradesh, India," Waste Manag Res, p. 734242X241262000, Jul 28 2024.
29. L. D. Cuong, F. Takeshi, P. P. Song Toan, and Habuer, "Understanding driving forces of food waste separation intention to enhance regional and local solid waste planning: application of PLS-SEM and multi-group analysis," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 31, pp. 50654–50669, Aug 5 2024.
30. H. P. Putra, E. Damanhuri, and E. Sembiring, "The role of MRF in Indonesia's solid waste management system (case study of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia)," Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 396-404, 2020.
31. J. Sadhukhan and E. Martinez-Hernandez, "Material flow and sustainability analyses of biorefining of municipal solid waste," Bioresour Technol, vol. 243, pp. 135-146, Nov 2017.
32. H. Damgacioglu, M. Hornilla, O. Bafail, and N. Celik, "Recovering value from single stream material recovery facilities - An outbound contamination analysis in Florida," Waste Manag, vol. 102, pp. 804-814, Feb 1 2020.
33. A. Marhaendra, M. Razif, and M. N. Kusuma, "Material recovery facilityplanning at Klotokfinal waste disposal site of Kediri City, Indonesia," Pollution Research, vol. 39, pp. 45-49, 01/01 2020.
34. O. Olafasakin et al., "Techno-Economic and life cycle assessment of standalone Single-Stream material recovery facilities in the United states," Waste Management, vol. 166, pp. 368-376, 2023/07/01/ 2023.
35. S. Yusuff, "Factors required for the successful management of a material recovery facility," Master, Post Graduate School of Engineering Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, 9911435407691, 2016.