Characterization and optimization of palm industry ash waste (PIAW) derived zeolites using central composite cesign (CCD)

Abstract

The prodigious ashes from power electricity generation plants were devastated as solid waste by palm industries into environment. PIAW, mostly Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) comprising silica and alumina was discarded as non-profit oriented products, thus this work is about PIAW, essentially POFA derived zeolites using ultrasound irradiation. Performance of POFA was characterized, and process optimization was done by employing CCD. Pre-treated POFA as feedstock and formed zeolites were designated and analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (X-RF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) diagram. Alkaline concentration (0.6 M-1.4M), irradiation time (140 min-160 min) and KOH/POFA (1.5:1-2.5:1) were examined as non-constant variables. Otherwise, ultrasonic power (600W), temperature (80°C) and silica alumina ratio were justified as constant and response variables. An optimal synthesized zeolites as ratio of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ (10.60) was found from surface plot based on quadratic typical at KOH=1 M, KOH/POFA=2 and time=150 min. Presence of A, P, X and irregular shape structures zeolites are commensurable to another resources, mainly fly ash. These findings are also important for waste reduction, recycling and zeolites synthesis from material under economic value.

Keywords

• Quadratic model,Ultrasound irradiation,Alkaline,Solid waste,Silica

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