Research Article
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Year 2021, , 219 - 229, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.903408

Abstract

Supporting Institution

İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi GAP / Genel Araştırma Projesi

Project Number

2019-GAP-MÜMF-0004

References

  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D4648/D4648-00 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated Fine-Grained Clayey Soil ", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000.
  • D.P. Stewart and M.F. Randolph, “T-bar penetration testing in soft clay,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.120(12), pp. 2230 – 2235, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:12(2230)
  • D. Zreik, C. Ladd and J. Germaine, “A New Fall Cone Device for Measuring the Undrained Strength of Very Weak Cohesive Soils,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol.18(4), pp. 472 – 482, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11022J
  • A. Ullah, M.S. Rahman and F. Ahammad, “Application of vane shear tools to assess the shear strength of remolded clay soil,” Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.6(1), pp. 1 – 4, 2017. http://www.isca.in/IJES/Archive/v6/i1/1.ISCA-RJEngS-2016-124.php
  • L.J. Wilson, G.P. Kouretzis, J.A. Pineda and R.B. Kelly, “On the Determination of the Undrained Shear Strength from Vane Shear Testing in Soft Clays,” Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, 2016. http://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers1/58
  • Y. Wang, P. Guo, X. Li, H. Lin, Y. Liu and H. Yuan, “Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced and Lime-Stabilized Clayey Soil in Triaxial Tests,” Applied Sciences, Vol.9(900), pp. 1 – 15, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050900
  • M.S. Nataraj and K.L. McManis, “Strength and Deformation Properties of Soils Reinforced with Fibrillated Fibers,” Geosynthetics International, Vol.4(1), pp. 65 – 79, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.4.0089
  • Z.H. Ozkul and G. Baykal, “Shear behavior of compacted rubber fiber – clay composite in drained and undrained loading,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.133(7), pp. 767 – 781, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:7(767)
  • T. Maliakal and S. Thiyyakkandi, “Influence of Randomly Distributed Coir Fibers on Shear Strength of Clay,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol.31(2), pp. 425 – 433, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9595-1
  • O. Ple and T.N.H Le, “Effect of polypropylene fiber-reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of silty clay,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.32, pp. 111 – 116, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.11.004
  • P.K. Pradhan, R.K. Kar and A. Naik, “Effect of random inclusion of polypropylene fibers on strength characteristics of cohesive soil,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol.30(1), pp. 15 – 25, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9445-6
  • A. Darvishi and A. Erken, “Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on Shear Strength Parameters of Sand”, 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, Apr, 8, 2018. DOI: 10.11159/icgre18.123
  • A.A. Diab, S. Sadek, S. Najjar and M.H.A. Daya, “Undrained shear strength characteristics of compacted clay reinforced with natural hemp fibers,” International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.10(3), pp. 263 – 270, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2015.1132122
  • M. Mollamahmutoglu and Y. Yilmaz, “Investigation of the effect of a polypropylene fiber material on the shear strength and CBR characteristics of high plasticity Ankara clay”, 8th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways, and Airfields, Illinois, USA, Jun, 29, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/975
  • K. Yilmaz, “Compaction and strength characteristics of fly ash and fiber amended clayey soil,” Engineering Geology, Vol.188, pp. 168 – 177, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.018
  • E.T. Mohamad, A. Alshameri, K.A. Kassim and R. Saad, “Shear Strength Behavior for Older Alluvium Under Different Moisture Content,” Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.16(F), pp. 605 – 617, 2011. http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/29005/
  • B. Kuriakose, B.M. Abraham, A. Sridharann and B.T. Jose, “Water content ratio: An effective substitute for liquidity index for prediction of shear strength of clays”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol.35, pp. 1577 – 1586, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0193-0
  • A. Bartetzko and A.J. Kopf, “The relationship of undrained shear strength and porosity with depth in shallow (<50 m) marine sediments,” Sedimentary Geology, Vol.196, pp. 235 – 249, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.04.005
  • D. Li, X. Qi, Z. Cao, X. Tang, W. Zhou, K. Phoon and C. Zhou, “Reliability analysis of strip footing considering spatially variable undrained shear strength that linearly increases with depth,” Soils and Foundations, Vol.55(4),pp. 866 – 880, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.06.017
  • A. Kezdi, “Handbuch der Bodenmechanik” (Manual of soil mechanics), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1969.
  • T. Lunne, P.K. Robertson and J. Powell, “Cone penetration testing in geotechnical practice,” E&FN Spon, London, 1997.
  • P.K. Robertson, “Interpretation of Cone Penetration Testing – a unified approach,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.46(11), pp. 1337 – 1355, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-065
  • R.M. Al Wahab and M.A. El-Kedrah, “Using Polypropylene Fibers to Reduce Tension Cracks and Shrink/Swell in a Compacted Clay,” Geotechnical Special Publication, Vol.46(1), pp. 791 – 805, 1995.
  • M.V. Mohod, “Performance of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol.12(1), pp. 28 – 36, 2015. DOI: 10.9790/1684-12112836
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D4318/D4318-17e1 Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D698/D698-12 Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D854/D854-14 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer ", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D2487/D2487-11 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
  • Impact Test Equipment Ltd. Building 21 Stevenston Ind. Est. Stevenson, Ayrshire, KA20 3LR, www.impact-test.co.uk.
  • Z.S. Hong, X. Bian, Y.J. Cui, Y.F. Gao and L.L. Zeng, “Effect of initial water content on undrained shear behaviour of reconstituted clays,” Geotechnique, Vol.63(6), pp. 441 – 450, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.11.P.114
  • B.C. O’ Kelly, “Undrained shear strength– water content relationship for sewage sludge,” Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.166(GE6), pp. 576 – 588, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.11.00016
  • U.A. Aqtash and P. Bandini, “Prediction of unsaturated shear strength of an adobe soil from the soil-water characteristic curve,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol.98, pp. 892 – 899, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.188
  • M.A.F. El-Maksoud, “Laboratory determining of soil strength parameters in calcareous soils and their effect on chiseling draft prediction,” Proc. Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering Int. Conf., Rousse, Bulgaria, 2006.
  • S. Murthy, “Geotechnical engineering. principles and practices of soil mechanics”, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, U.K, 2008.
  • R. Ghosh, “Effect of soil moisture in the analysis of undrained shear strength of compacted clayey soil,” Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, Vol.4(1), pp. 23 – 31, 2013. DOI: 10.5897/JCECT12.070
  • N.C. Consoli, M.B. Corte and L. Festugo, “Key parameter for tensile and compressive strength of fiber-reinforced soil-lime mixtures,” Geosynthetics International, Vol.19(5), pp. 409 – 414, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.12.00026
  • Z. Gao, J. Zhao, “Evaluation on failure of fiber-reinforced sand,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol.139(1), pp. 95 – 106, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000737
  • W. Sho, B. Cetin, Y. Li, J. Li and L. Li, “Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of sands reinforced with discrete randomly distributed fiber,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 32, pp. 901 – 910, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-014-9766-3
  • D.J. Frost and J. Han, J. “Behavior of interfaces between fiber-reinforced polymers and sands,” Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.125(8), pp. 633 – 640, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:8(633)
  • C. Tang, B. Shi and L. Zhao, “Interfacial shear strength of fiber reinforced soil,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.28, pp. 54 – 62, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.10.001
  • M.D.T. Casagrande, M.R. Coop and N.C. Consoli, “Behavior of a Fiber-Reinforced Bentonite at Large Shear Displacements,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.132(11), pp. 1505 – 1508, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1505)
  • N.S. Parihar, R.P. Shukla and A.K. Gupta, “Shear strength of medium plastic expansive soil reinforced with polyester fibers,” Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.26(2), pp. 1 – 8, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0007

Undrained shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced alluvial clay

Year 2021, , 219 - 229, 30.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.903408

Abstract

Construction of civil engineering structures on weak soil without taking necessary precautions may be risky. Alluvial soil that has not completed its geological formation has a high void ratio and contains organic material therefore, the strength properties of these soils should be examined carefully. In this study, the undrained shear strength (cu) behavior of natural and polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced alluvial clays was investigated with a laboratory Vane shear test. To examine the moisture content effects on cu behavior of alluvial clay, samples were prepared in 0.50 liquid limit (LL), 0.75 LL, and LL water contents. The PP fibers used were 6 and 18 mm long, they mixed with soil 0.1, 0.5, and 1% by dry weight of the sample. The Vane shear tests were performed at two different depths to investigate the overburden pressure effect. The increase in water content caused a significant decrease in cu. The laboratory results indicated that the cu of PP reinforced (1 % and 18 mm PP) alluvial clay deposits prepared in 0.5LL, 0.75LL, and LL water contents were 56.6, 20.7, and 8.4 kPa, respectively. The increase in PP fiber content increased the cu of alluvial clay deposits. The length of fiber was directly proportional to cu values. The effect of fiber was more pronounced in long fiber added samples. The cu of natural and %1 fiber reinforced (6 mm and 18 mm) samples prepared in the same water content were 27.4, 29.1, and 55.7 kPa. The cu increased with increasing penetration depth.

Project Number

2019-GAP-MÜMF-0004

References

  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D4648/D4648-00 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Miniature Vane Shear Test for Saturated Fine-Grained Clayey Soil ", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2000.
  • D.P. Stewart and M.F. Randolph, “T-bar penetration testing in soft clay,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.120(12), pp. 2230 – 2235, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:12(2230)
  • D. Zreik, C. Ladd and J. Germaine, “A New Fall Cone Device for Measuring the Undrained Strength of Very Weak Cohesive Soils,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol.18(4), pp. 472 – 482, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11022J
  • A. Ullah, M.S. Rahman and F. Ahammad, “Application of vane shear tools to assess the shear strength of remolded clay soil,” Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.6(1), pp. 1 – 4, 2017. http://www.isca.in/IJES/Archive/v6/i1/1.ISCA-RJEngS-2016-124.php
  • L.J. Wilson, G.P. Kouretzis, J.A. Pineda and R.B. Kelly, “On the Determination of the Undrained Shear Strength from Vane Shear Testing in Soft Clays,” Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, 2016. http://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers1/58
  • Y. Wang, P. Guo, X. Li, H. Lin, Y. Liu and H. Yuan, “Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced and Lime-Stabilized Clayey Soil in Triaxial Tests,” Applied Sciences, Vol.9(900), pp. 1 – 15, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050900
  • M.S. Nataraj and K.L. McManis, “Strength and Deformation Properties of Soils Reinforced with Fibrillated Fibers,” Geosynthetics International, Vol.4(1), pp. 65 – 79, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.4.0089
  • Z.H. Ozkul and G. Baykal, “Shear behavior of compacted rubber fiber – clay composite in drained and undrained loading,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.133(7), pp. 767 – 781, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:7(767)
  • T. Maliakal and S. Thiyyakkandi, “Influence of Randomly Distributed Coir Fibers on Shear Strength of Clay,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol.31(2), pp. 425 – 433, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9595-1
  • O. Ple and T.N.H Le, “Effect of polypropylene fiber-reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of silty clay,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.32, pp. 111 – 116, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2011.11.004
  • P.K. Pradhan, R.K. Kar and A. Naik, “Effect of random inclusion of polypropylene fibers on strength characteristics of cohesive soil,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol.30(1), pp. 15 – 25, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9445-6
  • A. Darvishi and A. Erken, “Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on Shear Strength Parameters of Sand”, 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, Apr, 8, 2018. DOI: 10.11159/icgre18.123
  • A.A. Diab, S. Sadek, S. Najjar and M.H.A. Daya, “Undrained shear strength characteristics of compacted clay reinforced with natural hemp fibers,” International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.10(3), pp. 263 – 270, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2015.1132122
  • M. Mollamahmutoglu and Y. Yilmaz, “Investigation of the effect of a polypropylene fiber material on the shear strength and CBR characteristics of high plasticity Ankara clay”, 8th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways, and Airfields, Illinois, USA, Jun, 29, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12403/975
  • K. Yilmaz, “Compaction and strength characteristics of fly ash and fiber amended clayey soil,” Engineering Geology, Vol.188, pp. 168 – 177, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.018
  • E.T. Mohamad, A. Alshameri, K.A. Kassim and R. Saad, “Shear Strength Behavior for Older Alluvium Under Different Moisture Content,” Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.16(F), pp. 605 – 617, 2011. http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/29005/
  • B. Kuriakose, B.M. Abraham, A. Sridharann and B.T. Jose, “Water content ratio: An effective substitute for liquidity index for prediction of shear strength of clays”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol.35, pp. 1577 – 1586, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0193-0
  • A. Bartetzko and A.J. Kopf, “The relationship of undrained shear strength and porosity with depth in shallow (<50 m) marine sediments,” Sedimentary Geology, Vol.196, pp. 235 – 249, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.04.005
  • D. Li, X. Qi, Z. Cao, X. Tang, W. Zhou, K. Phoon and C. Zhou, “Reliability analysis of strip footing considering spatially variable undrained shear strength that linearly increases with depth,” Soils and Foundations, Vol.55(4),pp. 866 – 880, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.06.017
  • A. Kezdi, “Handbuch der Bodenmechanik” (Manual of soil mechanics), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1969.
  • T. Lunne, P.K. Robertson and J. Powell, “Cone penetration testing in geotechnical practice,” E&FN Spon, London, 1997.
  • P.K. Robertson, “Interpretation of Cone Penetration Testing – a unified approach,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.46(11), pp. 1337 – 1355, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-065
  • R.M. Al Wahab and M.A. El-Kedrah, “Using Polypropylene Fibers to Reduce Tension Cracks and Shrink/Swell in a Compacted Clay,” Geotechnical Special Publication, Vol.46(1), pp. 791 – 805, 1995.
  • M.V. Mohod, “Performance of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol.12(1), pp. 28 – 36, 2015. DOI: 10.9790/1684-12112836
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D4318/D4318-17e1 Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D698/D698-12 Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D854/D854-14 Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer ", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2014.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials "ASTM D2487/D2487-11 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2011.
  • Impact Test Equipment Ltd. Building 21 Stevenston Ind. Est. Stevenson, Ayrshire, KA20 3LR, www.impact-test.co.uk.
  • Z.S. Hong, X. Bian, Y.J. Cui, Y.F. Gao and L.L. Zeng, “Effect of initial water content on undrained shear behaviour of reconstituted clays,” Geotechnique, Vol.63(6), pp. 441 – 450, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.11.P.114
  • B.C. O’ Kelly, “Undrained shear strength– water content relationship for sewage sludge,” Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.166(GE6), pp. 576 – 588, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1680/geng.11.00016
  • U.A. Aqtash and P. Bandini, “Prediction of unsaturated shear strength of an adobe soil from the soil-water characteristic curve,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol.98, pp. 892 – 899, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.188
  • M.A.F. El-Maksoud, “Laboratory determining of soil strength parameters in calcareous soils and their effect on chiseling draft prediction,” Proc. Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering Int. Conf., Rousse, Bulgaria, 2006.
  • S. Murthy, “Geotechnical engineering. principles and practices of soil mechanics”, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, U.K, 2008.
  • R. Ghosh, “Effect of soil moisture in the analysis of undrained shear strength of compacted clayey soil,” Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, Vol.4(1), pp. 23 – 31, 2013. DOI: 10.5897/JCECT12.070
  • N.C. Consoli, M.B. Corte and L. Festugo, “Key parameter for tensile and compressive strength of fiber-reinforced soil-lime mixtures,” Geosynthetics International, Vol.19(5), pp. 409 – 414, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.12.00026
  • Z. Gao, J. Zhao, “Evaluation on failure of fiber-reinforced sand,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol.139(1), pp. 95 – 106, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000737
  • W. Sho, B. Cetin, Y. Li, J. Li and L. Li, “Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of sands reinforced with discrete randomly distributed fiber,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 32, pp. 901 – 910, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-014-9766-3
  • D.J. Frost and J. Han, J. “Behavior of interfaces between fiber-reinforced polymers and sands,” Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.125(8), pp. 633 – 640, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:8(633)
  • C. Tang, B. Shi and L. Zhao, “Interfacial shear strength of fiber reinforced soil,” Geotextiles and Geomembranes, Vol.28, pp. 54 – 62, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.10.001
  • M.D.T. Casagrande, M.R. Coop and N.C. Consoli, “Behavior of a Fiber-Reinforced Bentonite at Large Shear Displacements,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol.132(11), pp. 1505 – 1508, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1505)
  • N.S. Parihar, R.P. Shukla and A.K. Gupta, “Shear strength of medium plastic expansive soil reinforced with polyester fibers,” Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.26(2), pp. 1 – 8, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0007
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Eylem Arslan This is me 0000-0002-9053-1061

İrem Düzen 0000-0001-8301-4851

Inci Develioglu 0000-0001-6594-8095

Hasan Fırat Pulat 0000-0002-8298-7106

Project Number 2019-GAP-MÜMF-0004
Publication Date September 30, 2021
Submission Date March 25, 2021
Acceptance Date June 25, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Arslan, E., Düzen, İ., Develioglu, I., Pulat, H. F. (2021). Undrained shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced alluvial clay. Environmental Research and Technology, 4(3), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.903408
AMA Arslan E, Düzen İ, Develioglu I, Pulat HF. Undrained shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced alluvial clay. ERT. September 2021;4(3):219-229. doi:10.35208/ert.903408
Chicago Arslan, Eylem, İrem Düzen, Inci Develioglu, and Hasan Fırat Pulat. “Undrained Shear Strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Alluvial Clay”. Environmental Research and Technology 4, no. 3 (September 2021): 219-29. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.903408.
EndNote Arslan E, Düzen İ, Develioglu I, Pulat HF (September 1, 2021) Undrained shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced alluvial clay. Environmental Research and Technology 4 3 219–229.
IEEE E. Arslan, İ. Düzen, I. Develioglu, and H. F. Pulat, “Undrained shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced alluvial clay”, ERT, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 219–229, 2021, doi: 10.35208/ert.903408.
ISNAD Arslan, Eylem et al. “Undrained Shear Strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Alluvial Clay”. Environmental Research and Technology 4/3 (September 2021), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.903408.
JAMA Arslan E, Düzen İ, Develioglu I, Pulat HF. Undrained shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced alluvial clay. ERT. 2021;4:219–229.
MLA Arslan, Eylem et al. “Undrained Shear Strength of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Alluvial Clay”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 4, no. 3, 2021, pp. 219-2, doi:10.35208/ert.903408.
Vancouver Arslan E, Düzen İ, Develioglu I, Pulat HF. Undrained shear strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced alluvial clay. ERT. 2021;4(3):219-2.