Single-step pyrolysis for producing activated carbon from sucrose and its properties for methylene blue removal in aqueous solution

Year 2021, , 165 - 175, 30.06.2021

Ömer Kazak

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.910576

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Herein, activated carbon was prepared from sucrose, renewable carbon precursor by chemical activation method. Chemical activation process was carried out with KOH at 750 °C. The effects of chemical activation on the structure and morphology of activated carbon products were evaluated using TGA, BET, SEM, FT-IR, and zeta potential techniques. As a result of the activation process, the activated carbon having microporous (1.138 cm³ g^-1) with high specific surface area (2116.42 m² g^-1) was obtained. The potential of using activated carbon as an adsorbent for removal of methylene blue in water was investigated under several experimental conditions. Langmuir adsorption capacity for methylene blue is 1666.66 mg g^-1 and its higher adsorption capacity than other adsorbents. Regeneration studies have shown that the activated carbon can also be used at least ten times for the removal of methylene blue with no change in its adsorption capacity. The performance was tested on real textile wastewater.

Keywords

Activated carbon, sucrose, adsorption, reusability, real textile wastewater

References

• P. Senthil Kumar, S.J. Varjani, S. Suganya, “Treatment of dye wastewater using an ultrasonic aided nanoparticle stacked activated carbon: Kinetic and isotherm modelling”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 250, pp. 716–722, 2018.
• A.A. Mir, A.A. Amooey, S. Ghasemi, “Adsorption of direct yellow 12 from aqueous solutions by an iron oxide-gelatin nanoadsorbent; kinetic, isotherm and mechanism analysis”, Journal of Cleaner Production,Vol. 170, pp. 570–580, 2018.
• R. Li, B. Gao, K. Guo, Q. Yue, H. Zheng, Y. Wang, “Effects of papermaking sludge-based polymer on coagulation behavior in the disperse and reactive dyes wastewater treatment”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 240, pp. 59–67, 2017.
• S. Danwittayakul, M. Jaisai, J. Dutta, “Efficient solar photocatalytic degradation of textile wastewater using ZnO/ZTO composites”, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 163, pp. 1–8, 2015.
• M. Soniya, G. Muthuraman, “Comparative study between liquid-liquid extraction and bulk liquid membrane for the removal and recovery of methylene blue from wastewater”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,Vol. 30, (2015) pp. 266–273, 2015.
• B.E.L. Baêta, D.R.S. Lima, S.Q. Silva, S.F. Aquino, “Evaluation of soluble microbial products and aromatic amines accumulation during a combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment of a model azo dye”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 259, (2015) pp. 936–944, 2015.
• J. Paul Guin, Y.K. Bhardwaj, L. Varshney, “Mineralization and biodegradability enhancement of Methyl Orange dye by an effective advanced oxidation process”, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 122, pp. 153–157, 2017.
• O. Kazak, Y.R. Eker, H. Bingol, A. Tor, “Novel preparation of activated carbon by cold oxygen plasma treatment combined with pyrolysis”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 325, pp. 564–575, 2017.
• A. Nasrullah, B. Saad, A.H. Bhat, A.S. Khan, M. Danish, M.H. Isa, A. Naeem, “Mangosteen peel waste as a sustainable precursor for high surface area mesoporous activated carbon: Characterization and application for methylene blue removal”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 211, pp. 1190–1200, 2019.
• H. Wang, R. Xie, J. Zhang, J. Zhao, “Preparation and characterization of distillers’ grain based activated carbon as low cost methylene blue adsorbent: Mass transfer and equilibrium modeling”, Advanced Powder Technology, Vol. 29, pp. 27–35, 2018.
• A.H. El-Sheikh, A.P. Newman, H.K. Al-Daffaee, S. Phull, N. Cresswell, “Characterization of activated carbon prepared from a single cultivar of Jordanian Olive stones by chemical and physicochemical techniques”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 71, pp. 151–164, 2004.
• H. Sayğili, F. Güzel, “High surface area mesoporous activated carbon from tomato processing solid waste by zinc chloride activation: Process optimization, characterization and dyes adsorption”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 113, pp. 995–1004, 2016.
• Y. Zhang, X. Song, Y. Xu, H. Shen, X. Kong, H. Xu, “Utilization of wheat bran for producing activated carbon with high specific surface area via NaOH activation using industrial furnace”, Journal of Cleaner Production,Vol. 210, pp. 366–375, 2019.
• Y. Yu, N. Qiao, D. Wang, Q. Zhu, F. Fu, R. Cao, R. Wang, W. Liu, B. Xu, “Fluffy honeycomb-like activated carbon from popcorn with high surface area and well-developed porosity for ultra-high efficiency adsorption of organic dyes”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 285, (2019) pp. 121340, 2019.
• Ö. Kazak, F. Sungur, “Preparation of activeted carbon from Thuja Orientalis cone and using for removal reactive blue 49 from water, Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology B - Theoretical Sciences”, Vol. 8, pp. 281–292, 2020.
• Ö. Kazak, “Preparation of activated carbon from natural starch, its characterization and use as an adsorbent”, Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 35, pp. 115–126, 2020.
• O. Kazak, Y.R. Eker, I. Akin, H. Bingol, A. Tor, “A novel red mud@sucrose based carbon composite: Preparation, characterization and its adsorption performance toward methylene blue in aqueous solution”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 5, pp. 2639–2647, 2017.
• W. Suliman, J.B. Harsh, N.I. Abu-Lail, A.M. Fortuna, I. Dallmeyer, M. Garcia-Perez, “Modification of biochar surface by air oxidation: Role of pyrolysis temperature”, Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 85, (2016) pp. 1–11, 2016.
• Y. Lin, Y. Liao, Z. Yu, S. Fang, Y. Lin, Y. Fan, X. Peng, X. Ma, “Co-pyrolysis kinetics of sewage sludge and oil shale thermal decomposition using TGA-FTIR analysis”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 118, pp. 345–352, 2016.
• K.C. Bedin, A.C. Martins, A.L. Cazetta, O. Pezoti, V.C. Almeida, “KOH-activated carbon prepared from sucrose spherical carbon: Adsorption equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for Methylene Blue removal”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 286, pp. 476-484, 2016.
• A.H. Basta, V. Fierro, H. El-Saied, A. Celzard, “2-Steps KOH activation of rice straw: An efficient method for preparing high-performance activated carbons”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp. 3941–3947, 2009.
• H. Sayğılı, G.A. Sayğılı, “Optimized preparation for bimodal porous carbon from lentil processing waste by microwave-assisted K2CO3 activation: Spectroscopic characterization and dye decolorization activity”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 226, pp. 968–976, 2019.
• G.K. Parshetti, S. Chowdhury, R. Balasubramanian, “Hydrothermal conversion of urban food waste to chars for removal of textile dyes from contaminated waters”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 161, pp. 310–319, 2014.
• S. Li, K. Han, J. Li, M. Li, C. Lu, “Preparation and characterization of super activated carbon produced from gulfweed by KOH activation”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 243, pp. 291–300, 2017.
• W. Wang, S. Xu, K. Wang, J. Liang, W. Zhang, “De-intercalation of the intercalated potassium in the preparation of activated carbons by KOH activation”, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 189, pp. 74–79,2019.
• D. Wu, H. Xu, M. Hakkarainen, “From starch to polylactide and nano-graphene oxide: Fully starch derived high performance composites”, RSC Advances, Vol. 6, pp. 54336–54345, 2016.
• A. Barroso-Bogeat, M. Alexandre-Franco, C. Fernández-González, V. Gómez-Serrano, “FT-ir analysis of pyrone and chromene structures in activated carbon”, Energy and Fuels, Vol. 28, pp. 4096–4103, 2014.
• H.H.C. Lima, R.S. Maniezzo, M.E.G. Llop, V.L. Kupfer, P.A. Arroyo, M.R. Guilherme, A.F. Rubira, E.M. Girotto, A.W. Rinaldi, “Synthesis and characterization of pecan nutshell-based adsorbent with high specific area and high methylene blue adsorption capacity”, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 276, pp. 570–576, 2019.
• H. Li, L. Liu, J. Cui, J. Cui, F. Wang, F. Zhang, “High-efficiency adsorption and regeneration of methylene blue and aniline onto activated carbon from waste edible fungus residue and its possible mechanism”, RSC Advances, Vol. 10, pp. 14262–14273, 2020.
• W. Weber, “Kinetics of Adsorption on Carbon from Solution”, Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, Vol. 89, pp. 31–60, 1963.
• I. Langmuir, “The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. Solids”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 38, pp. 2221–2295, 1916.
• H.M.F. Freundlich, “Uber die adsorption in losungen”, Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 1906.
• M.M. Dubinin, L.V. Radushkevich, “Equation of the characteristic curve of activated charcoal”, Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR Phys. Chem. Sect., 1947.
• I. Sargin, G. Arslan, M. Kaya, “Efficiency of chitosan-algal biomass composite microbeads at heavy metal removal”, Reactive and Functional Polymers, Vol. 98, pp. 38–47, 2016.
• A. Kumar, H.M. Jena, “Removal of methylene blue and phenol onto prepared activated carbon from Fox nutshell by chemical activation in batch and fixed-bed column”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 137, pp. 1246–1259, 2016.
• A.L. Cazetta, A.M.M. Vargas, E.M. Nogami, M.H. Kunita, M.R. Guilherme, A.C. Martins, T.L. Silva, J.C.G. Moraes, V.C. Almeida, “NaOH-activated carbon of high surface area produced from coconut shell: Kinetics and equilibrium studies from the methylene blue adsorption”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 174, pp. 117–125, 2011.
• P. Wang, C. Wu, Y. Guo, C. Wang, “Experimental and theoretical studies on methylene blue and methyl orange sorption by wheat straw-derived biochar with a large surface area”, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol. 18, pp. 30196–30203, 2016.
• C.H. Chiang, J. Chen, J.H. Lin, “Preparation of pore-size tunable activated carbon derived from waste coffee grounds for high adsorption capacities of organic dyes”, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 103929, 2020.
• S.M. Alatalo, E. Mäkilä, E. Repo, M. Heinonen, J. Salonen, E. Kukk, M. Sillanpää, M.M. Titirici, “Meso- and microporous soft templated hydrothermal carbons for dye removal from water”, Green Chemistry, Vol. 4, pp. 1137–1146, 2016.
• P. Khare, D.K. Goyal, “Effect of high and low rank char on soil quality and carbon sequestration”, Ecological Engineering, Vol. 52, pp. 161–166, 2013.
• S. Lei, J. ichi Miyamoto, H. Kanoh, Y. Nakahigashi, K. Kaneko, “Enhancement of the methylene blue adsorption rate for ultramicroporous carbon fiber by addition of mesopores”, Carbon, Vol. 44, pp. 1884–1890, 2006.
• K. Santhy, P. Selvapathy, “Removal of reactive dyes from wastewater by adsorption on coir pith activated carbon”, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 97, pp. 1329–1336 2006.
• A.A. Ahmad, B.H. Hameed, “Effect of preparation conditions of activated carbon from bamboo waste for real textile wastewater”, Journal of Hazardous Materials,Vol. 173, 487–493, 2010.
• S.K. Shukla, N.R.S. Al Mushaiqri, H.M. Al Subhi, K. Yoo, H. Al Sadeq, “Low-cost activated carbon production from organic waste and its utilization for wastewater treatment”, Applied Water Science, Vol. 10, pp. 1–9.