Public private partnerships for successful solid waste management and prospects for reducing public health risks in Kinondoni Municipality-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 141 - 157, 30.09.2019

Proscovia Kamugisha Julius Ludete Sebastian Mhanga

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.601999

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In Tanzania only 40% of solid wastes in urbanized areas are collected and transported to the dumping sites. The remaining 60% are illegally disposed along road sides, sewage canals and reserved open spaces that contribute to floods and breeding of rodent vectors that eventually spread diseases such as intestinal schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths. Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been adopted to address Solid Waste Management (SWM) in various countries and yielded robust results. However the PPP model has not been effective for Tanzania since its initiation in 1995. Therefore this paper examined factors influencing performance of PPPs in SWM at Kinondoni municipality. A cross sectional survey was employed to collect data that was analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression model. Findings showed that poor monitoring and evaluation practices influenced poor performance of PPP in SWM. Moreover, low capacity of the contracted companies, limited accessibility of residential areas and weak enforcement of laws and regulations governing solid waste management had negative influence at 0.05 significant levels. The study recommends the system should establish regular plan in combination with imprompt monitoring to eliminate the effect of possible falsified compliance. Furthermore, the municipal council has to improve town settlements to access the households easily for SWM. Lastly research on end use products of the waste should look at the technical, economic viability of the waste markets for the products processed from the waste for mitigating public health risks associated with SWM. 

Keywords

Solid waste management, Kinondoni, Tanzania, Public-private partnership, public health, health risks

References

• Al-Khatib, I. A., Monou, M., Zahra, A. S. F. A., Shaheen, H. Q., & Kassinos, D. (2010). Solid waste characterization, quantification and management practices in developing countries. A case study: Nablus district–Palestine.Journal of environmental management, 91(5), 1131-1138.
• ADP [Asian Development Bank] (2013). Government of Mongolia: Public-Private Partnership Development (Financed by the ADP’s Technical Assistance Special Funds – IV). Visited from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/156500/41203-022-tacr.pdf on 03.01.2019
• Babatunde, S.O., Opawole, A. and Akinsiku, O.E. (2012),"Critical success factors in public-private partnership (PPP) on infrastructure delivery in Nigeria", Journal of Facilities Management, Vol. 10 (3): 212-225.
• Bel, G., & Fageda, X. (2010). Empirical analysis of solid management waste costs: Some evidence from Galicia, Spain. Resources, conservation and recycling, 54 (3), 187-193.
• Breeze, R. (2012). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Dar-es-Salaam. A report prepared for the World Bank Washington, DC. 23pp
• Collier, P. and Jones, P. Transforming Dar es Salaam into a City that Work. Being Part of Global Research Program on special Development Cities. https://urbanisation.econ.ox.ac.uk/materials/papers/73/collierjonesdaressalaam.pdf visited on 25/06/2018.
• Contreras, F., Aramaki, T., Ishii, S. and Connors, S. (2009). Drivers in Current and Future Municipal Solid Waste Management Systems: Cases in Yokohama and Boston. Doi 10.1177/0734X09349417
• Countreau, S. (2006). Occupational and Environmental Health Issues of Solid Waste Management: Special Emphasis on Middle and Lower Countries. Urban Sector Board and the World Bank, Washington, D.C. 48pp
• Huisman, H., Breukelman, h. and Keesman, B. (2016). Expert Mission on Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) to Dar es Salaam. MAT16TZ01 Report of findings. 31pp
• IFC [International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group] (2014). Handshake IFC’s Quarterly Journal on Public – Private Partinerships. Issue number 12. 84pp
• IGC [International Growth Center], (2014). Urbanisation in Tanzania. An Internation Growth Center Number 2. 55pp
• JETRO [Japan External Trade Organisation] (2010). Public Private Partnerships in Australia and Japan Facilitating Private Sector Participation.KMC (2014). Kinondoni Municipal Council Profile
• Kyesi, A.G. (2008). Formalization of Unplanned Settlements and its Implications on Poverty Reduction: the Case Study of Dar-es-Salaam City. The Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, 8(2): 421-427
• Liebenberg C. J. (2007) Public Private Partnership Solutions To Waste Management In Developing Countries In Africa, Menlo Park, South Africa; Proceedings Sardinia 2007, Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy; 1 - 5 October 2007 by CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre
• Lop, N.S.B., Ismail, K., Isa, H.M. and Khalil, N. (2017). Factors Affecting the Operational Performance of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Projects: Cases in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7 (11): 1394-1409
• Ludete, J. H. (2016). Factors Influencing Public Private Pertnerships in Solid Waste Management for Local Government Authorities: A Case of Kinondoni Municipality-Dar es Salaam. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Dgegree of Master in Project Planning and Management of Mzumbe University, Morogoro, Tanzania. Maziku J. D. (2014). Improving Solid Waste Management in the Dar-Es-Salaam Coastal Belt, Tanzania. A Thesis submitted for partial fulfilment of Natural Resource Management of Novia University of Applied Sciences, Finland. 140pp
• Maziku, J. D. (2014). Improving Solid Waste Management in the Dar-es-Salaam Coastal Belt, Tanzania. Degree Thesis for a Bachelor of Natural Resources. Degree Programme in Integrated Coastal Zone Management.
• Mgaya, P. And Nondek, L. (2004). Disposal Frequencies of Selected Recyclable Wastes in Dar es Salaa. Waste Management, (24): 927 – 933Ministry of Urban Development (2011), Municipal Solid Waste Management on a Regional Basis - Guidance Note. Government of India. Minjire E. and Waiganjo, E., (2015). Factors Affecting the Performance of Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare Projects in Kenya: A Case Study of the Ministry of Health, Nairobi. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management. Vol.2 (36): 717 – 746
• Mnyanyi, N.B. (2014). Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Kinondoni Municipality. A Dissertation Submitted in Partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of master of Environmental studies (Science) of the Open University of Tanzania.
• Modack, P., Jiemian, Y., Hongyuan, Y. and Mohanty, C.R. (2010). Municipal Waste management: Turning Waste into Resources. In Shangai Manual – A Guideline for Sustainable Urban Development in the 21st Century. Pp - 36
• Mollel, E.L. (2016). Economic Analysis of the Solid Waste Management Options in Morogoro Municipality. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree for Master of Science in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics of Sokoine University of Agriculture. Morogoro, Tanzania. 67pp
• Ndumbu, A. Z. (2013). Factors Affecting Public-Private Partnerships Projects in Solid Waste Management in Mombasa County. A Research Project Report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Master of Arts Degree in Project Planning and Management of the University of Nairobi, 75pp
• NEP [National Environmental Policy] (1997). 32ppOkumu, O.J., & Nyenje, R. (2011). Municipal solid waste management under decentralisation in Uganda. Habitat International, 35(4), 537-543.
• Outwater, A.H., Pamba, S. and Outwater, A.B. (2013). Water –Related Diseases of People using Municipal Wasterwater: Risks, Exposure, Effects on Health and Control Approaches in Tanzania. A report prepared for dissemination of sustainable wastewater technology of constructed wetlands in Tanzania. 119pp
• Palfreman J. (2014), Waste Management and Recycling in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3196.4482 Retrieved 02/05/2016 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271441207
• PEPA [Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency] (2005). Guideline for solid waste management 142ppRasmussen, M.I. (2013). The Power of Informal Settlements, The Case of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Platnum Journal of Urbanisation 26:1-11.
• Sakijege, T., Lupala, J. & Sheuya, S., 2012, 'Flooding, flood risks and coping strategies in urban informal residential areas: The case of Keko Machungwa, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania', Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 4(1), Art. #46, 10 pages. http://d
• Sigh, K.P. (2011). Issues and Prospects of Public-Private Partnership in India. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1 ( 5): 244 – 256.The Environmental Management Act. (2004). 158pp
• Thyberg, K. L. and Tonjes, D.J. (2015). A Management Framework for Municipal Solid Waste Systems and Its Application to Food Waste Prevention, Systems 2015, 3, 133-151; doi:10.3390/systems3030133
• UNEP [United Nations Environmental Program] (2017). Summary Report: Waste Management in ASEAN Countries. 64ppUN-HABITAT (2010). Solid Waste Management in the World Cities, Water and Sanitation in the World’s Cities. Earths can Ltd, Dunstan House; 14a st Cross Street, London. 822pp
• UN-HABITAT [United Nations Human Settlements Programme] (2010). Solid Waste Management in the World’s Cities. 228ppWHO [World Health Organization], (2017). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Fourth Edition Incorporating the First Addendum. World Health Organization, Geneva. 541pp
• Worrall, L., Colenbrander, S., Palmer, I., Makene, F., Mushi, D., Mwijage, J., Martine, M., and Godfrey, N. (2017). Better Urban Growth in Tanzania: Preliminary Exploration of the Opportunities and Challenges. Coalition for Urban Transitions, London and Washington, DC. Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.net/content/cities-working-papers. 90pp. Accessed on 16.11.2018
• Zurbrugg, C. (2002). Urban Solid Waste Management in Low- Income Countries of Asia, How to cope with the Garbage Crisis. A paper presented for: Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). Urban Solid Waste Management Review, Session, Durban, South Africa, November, 2002. 13pp