Phenol removal from synthetic wastewater with powdered activated carbon: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 8 - 14, 31.03.2020

Elanur Adar İpek Nur Atay Kubilay Büncü Mehmet Sinan Bilgili

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.692302

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Phenol is the 11th most toxic 126 chemical substance and causes cancer by accumulating in the food chain. Adsorption of phenol is an effective and also environmentally friendly method for its removal. In this study, phenol removal by using powdered activated carbon (PAC) was optimized and modeled for various isotherms at constant mixing rate (150 rpm) and sample volume (100 mL); adsorbent dose (0.01-2 g), contact time (1-180 min), and initial phenol concentration (50-1000 mg L^-1). Moreover, adsorption studies were carried out at different temperatures for kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. In this study, optimum adsorbent dose and contact time of PAC were determined as 0.3 g 100 mL^-1 (3 g L^-1) and 10 minute, respectively. It can be concluded that it provides discharge standards for a wastewater containing 100 mg L^-1 phenol. It was observed that the adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature and the adsorption process fits well with Langmuir isotherm. It has been concluded that the adsorption of phenol with PAC is an exothermic reaction. As a result of the kinetic studies, it was found to be suitable for the Pseudo Second Order (R² 0.9999-1.0000). ∆S, ∆H and ∆G were calculated as -0.02 J mol^-1 K^-1, -14.15 kJ mol^-1 and between -8.16 and -7.76 kJ mol^-1, respectively.

Keywords

Adsorption, isotherm, kinetic, phenol, powdered activated carbon (PAC)

References

• Referans1 J. Yener, and Z. Aksu, “Adsorption of phenols and chlorophenols in wastewaters on activated carbon and dried activated sludge,” Tr. J. of Engineering and Environmental Science, Vol. 23, pp. 93-104, 1999.
• Referans2 N. Roostaei, and F.H. Tezel, “Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 70, pp. 157–164, 2004.
• Referans3 D. Zhang, P. Huo, and W. Liu, “Behavior of phenol adsorption on thermal modified activated carbon,” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 446–452, 2016.
• Referans4 E. Yagmur, S. Turkoglu, A. Banford, and Z. Aktas, “The relative performance of microwave regenerated activated carbons on the removal of phenolic pollutants,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 149, pp. 1109-1117, 2017.
• Referans5 T.A. Saleh, S.O. Adio, M. Asif, and H. Dafalla, “Statistical analysis of phenols adsorption on diethylenetriamine-modified activated carbon,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 182, pp. 960-968, 2018.
• Referans6 Z. Hao, C.H. Wang, Z.S. Yan, H.L. Jiang, and H.C. Xu, “Magnetic particles modification of coconut shell-derived activated carbon and biochar for effective removal of phenol from water,” Chemosphere, Vol. 211, pp. 962-969, 2018.
• Referans7 C. Zhang, J. Li, F. Cheng, and Y. Liu, “Enhanced phenol removal in an innovative lignite activated coke-assisted biological process,” Bioresource Technology, Vol. 260, pp. 357-363, 2018.
• Referans8 M.J. Sanchez-Montero, J. Pelaz, N. Martin-Sanchez, C. Izquierdo, and F. Salvador, “Supercritical regeneration of an activated carbon fiber exhausted with phenol,” Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, pp. 81, 2018.
• Referans9 Y. Fu, Y. Shen, Z. Zhang, X. Ge, and M. Chen, “Activated bio-chars derived from rice husk via one- and two-step KOH-catalyzed pyrolysis for phenol adsorption,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 646, pp. 1567-1577, 2019.
• Referans10 K.Z. Yan, M.A. Zaini, A. Arsad, and N.S. Nasri, “Rubber seed shell based activated carbon by physical activation for phenol removal,” Chemical Engineering Transactions, Vol. 72, pp. 151-156, 2019.
• Referans11 X. Huang, Q. Lu, H. Hao, Q. Wei, B. Shi, J. Yu, C. Wang, and Y. Wang, “Evaluation of the treatability of various odor compounds by powdered activated carbon,” Water Research, Vol. 156, pp. 414-424, 2019.
• Referans12 O. Hamdaoui, and E. Naffrechoux, “Modeling of adsorption isotherms of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon Part I. Two-parameter models and equations allowing determination of thermodynamic parameters,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 147, pp. 381–394, 2007.
• Referans13 APHA, Standart Methods For The Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22. Ed., APHA, Washington DC, 2012.
• Referans14 N. Ertugay, “The removal of crystal violet (CV) dyestuff by wheat bran: kinetic studies,” Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 435-450, 2018.
• Referans15 E. Bayrak-Tezcan, Z. Ceylan, and F.N. Acar, “Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic studies of the adsorption behavior of basic yellow 51 onto rice husk and burned rice husk,” Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, Vol. 9, pp. 1977-1988, 2019.
• Referans16 M. Çakmak, Ş. Taşar, V. Selen, D. Özer, and A. Özer, “Removal of astrazon golden yellow 7GL from colored wastewater using chemically modified clay,” Journal of Central South University, Vol. 24, pp. 743−753, 2017.
• Referans17 A. Dinçer, M. Sevildik, and T. Aydemir, “Optimization, isotherm and kinetics studies of the adsorption of azo dyes on eggshell membrane,” International Journal of Chemical Technology, Vol. 3, pp. 52-60, 2019.
• Referans18 E. Erdem, N. Karapinar, and R. Donat, “The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolite,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 280, pp. 309–314, 2004.
• Referans19 G. Akkaya, “Preparation of novel biosorbents from various agricultural wastes for removal of some dyestuffs and heavy metals from aqueous solutions and their characterization,” Chemistry Ph.D. Thesis, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey, 2012.
• Referans20 E.S. Abdel-Halimn, and S.S. Al-Deyab, “Removal of heavy metals from their aqueous solutions through adsorption onto natural polymers, carbohydrate polymers,” Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 84, pp. 454–458, 2011.
• Referans21 M.S. Bilgili, “Adsorption of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions by XAD-4 Resin: isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic analysis,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. B137, pp. 157-164, 2006.
• Referans22 K. Marungrueng, and P. Pavasant, “Removal of basic dye (Astrazon Blue FGRL) using macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 78, pp. 268–274, 2006.
• Referans23 E. GilPavas, I. Dobrosz-Gómez, and M.Á. Gómez-García, “Optimization and toxicity assessment of a combined electrocoagulation, H2O2/Fe2+/UV and activated carbon adsorption for textile wastewater treatment,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 651, pp. 551–560, 2019.
• Referans24 B.H.D. Son, V.Q. Mai, D.X. Du, N.H. Phong, and D.Q. Khieu, “A study on astrazon black AFDL dye adsorption onto Vietnamese diatomite,” Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 8685437, 11 pages, 2016.
• Referans25 A.A. Babaei, B. Kakavandi, M. Rafiee, F. Kalantarhormizi, I. Purkaram, E. Ahmadi, and S. Esmaeili, “Comparative treatment of textile wastewater by adsorption, fenton, UV-fenton and US-fenton using magnetic nanoparticles-functionalized carbon (MNPs@C),” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol. 56, pp. 163–174, 2017.
• Referans26 M.G. Alalm, and M. Nasr, “Artificial intelligence, regression model, and cost estimation for removal of chlorothalonil pesticide by activated carbon prepared from casuarina charcoal,” Sustainable Environment Research, Vol. 28, pp. 101-110, 2018.
• Referans27 E. Rosales, D. Anasie, M. Pazos, I. Lazar, and M.A. Sanromán, “Kaolinite adsorption-regeneration system for dyestuff treatment by fenton based processes,” Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 622–623, pp. 556–562, 2018.