Comparative analysis of nutrients composition in biochar produced from different feedstocks at varying pyrolysis temperature

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 64 - 70, 30.06.2020

İfeoluwa Omotade Samuel Momoh Bolaji Oluwafemi Ebenezer Agboola

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.747833

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Biochar has proved to be effective in improving soil fertility and it is important to know its nutrients variability as influenced by pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type for optimum agricultural productivity. In this experiment four different feedstocks from animal and plant sources were selected and pyrolysed at four different temperatures of 300, 400, 500 and 600 ˚C for 3 hours at a heating rate of 10 ˚C min^-1. The feedstocks were Corn cob (CC), Poultry litter (PL), Cow dung (CD) and Peanut shell (PS). The results show that increase in pyrolysis temperature led to decrease in the concentration of many of the parameters analysed in the biochar. At the lowest temperature of 300 ˚C the highest contents of (0.62 %) N in CD, (66.4 mg g^-1) P in CC, (8.38 mg g^-1) K in CD, (16.2 mg g^-1) Ca in CC, (4 21 mg g^-1) Mg in CC, (0.28 %) S in CC, were observed. On the other hand, increase in temperature resulted to increase in C, pH, Ash content and the highest pH value of 10.17 was found in CD. From this study, it can be deduced that feedstocks from animal source shows a high range of nutrient when compared to feedstocks from plant source and likewise increase in temperatures led to decrease in some essential nutrient needed by plant for growth and stability in the soil.

Keywords

Biochar, pyrolysis, temperature, feedstock, nutrients

References

• Akhtar, S. S., G. Li, M. N. Andersen, and F. Liu. 2014. Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agricultural Water Management 138: 37-44.
• Al-Wabel, M. I., A., Al-Omran, A. H. El‐Naggar, M. Nadeem, and A. R. A. Usman. 2013. Pyrolysis temperature induced changes in characteristics and chemical composition of biochar produced from conocarpus wastes. Bioresource Technology 131: 374–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.165
• Asadullah, M., S. Zhang, and C.Z. Li. 2010. Evaluation of structural features of chars from pyrolysis of biomass of different particle sizes. Fuel Process. Technology 91:877–881. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.008
• Atkinson, C. J., J. D. Fitzgerald, and N. A. Hipps. 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving Agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: A review. Plant and Soil 337:1–18. Doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5
• Baronti, S., F. P. Vaccari, F. Miglietta, C. Calzolari, E. Lugato, S. Orlandinie, R. Pinid, C. Zulianf, L., and Genesio. 2014. Impact of biochar application on plant water relations in Vitis vinifera (L.). European Journal of Agronomy 53, 38–44.
• Cao, X., and W. Harris. 2010. Properties of dairy-manure-derived biochar pertinent to its potential use in remediation. Bioresource Technology 101:5222–5228.
• Chen Y., H. Yang, X. Wang, S. Zhang, and H. Chen. 2012. Biomass-based pyrolytic polygeneration system on cotton stalk pyrolysis: influence of temperature. Bioresource Technology 107:411–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biort ech.2011.10.074
• Clough, T. J., L. M. Condron, C. Kammann, and C. Mueller. 2013. A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics. Agronomy 3:275–293. Doi: 10.3390/agronomy3020275
• Conz, R. F., T. F. Abbruzzini, C. A. de Andrade, D. M. B. P. Milori, and C. E. P. Cerri. 2017. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Feedstock Type on Agricultural Properties and Stability of Biochars. Agricultural Sciences 8: 914-933. doi.org/10.4236/as.2017.89067
• Enders, A. and J. Lehmann. 2012. Comparison of Wet-Digestion and Dry-Ashing Methods for Total Elemental Analysis of Biochar. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 43:1042-1052. doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2012.656167
• Gaskin, J. W., C. Steiner, K. Harris, K. C. Das and B. Bibens. 2008. Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use. Transactions of the ASABE 51: 2061–2069.
• Igalavithana, A. D., Y. S. Ok, A. R. A. Usman, M. I. Al-Wabel, P. Oleszczuk, S. S. Lee. 2015. The Effects of Biochar Amendment on Soil Fertility. In Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar: Advances and Barriers; Guo, M., He, Z., Uchimiya, M., Eds.; SSSA Special Publication 63; Soil Science Society of America, Inc.: Madison, WI, USA, 123–144.
• International Biochar Initiative (1BI). (2011). Standardized product definition and product testing guidelines for biochar that is used in soil. https://biochar-international.org/characterizationstandard/. Accessed December 2019
• IPCC, 2007. Climate Change: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report. Cambridge, UK.
• Jindo, K., H. Mizumoto, Y. Sawada, M. A. Sanchez-Monedero, and T. Sonoki. 2014. Physical and chemical characterization of biochars derived from different agricultural residues. Biogeosciences 11: 6613–6621. Doi: 10.5194/bg-11-6613-2014
• Kolton, M., Y. M. Harrel, Z. Pasternak, E. R. Graber,Y. Elad, E. Cytryn. 2011. Impact of biochar application to soil on the root-associated bacterial community structure of fully developed greenhouse pepper plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77: 492-4930.
• Koutcheiko, S., C. M. Monreal, H. Kodama, T. McCraken, and L. Kotlyar. 2007. Preparation and activation of activated carbon derived from the thermo-chemical conversion of chicken manure. Bioresource Technology 98: 2459-2464.
• Lal, R. 2009. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, Ohi State University, Columbus, U.S.A.
• Lehmann, J., M. C. Rillig, J. Thies, C. A. Masiello, W. C. Hockaday, and D. Crowley. 2011. Biochar effects on soil biota - a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43, 1812–1836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022
• Lehmann, J., and S. Joseph. 2009. Biochar for environmental management: An introduction. In: J. Lehmann and S. Joseph, editors, Biochar for environmental management: Science and technology. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, UK. 1–12.
• Lehmann, J., and M. A. Rondon. 2005. Bio-char soil management on highly weathered soil in the humid tropics. In: N. Uphoff, editor, Biological approaches to sustainable soil systems. CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 517–530.
• Mukherjee, A., A. R. Zimmerman, and W. Harris. 2011. Surface chemistry variations among a series of laboratory-produced biochars. Geoderma 163:247–255.
• Naeem, M.A., M. Khalid, M. Arshad, and R. Ahmad. 2014. Yield and nutrient composition of biochar produced from different feedstocks at varying pyrolytic temperatures. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 51 (1): 75-82.
• Nelissen, V., G. Ruysschaert, D. Müller-Stöver, S. Bodé, J. Cook, F. Ronsse, S. Shackley, P. Boeckx, and H. Hauggaard-Nielsen. 2014. Short-Term Effect of Feedstock and Pyrolysis Temperature on Biochar Characteristics, Soil and Crop Response in Temperate Soils. Agronomy 4: 52-73. Doi:10.3390/agronomy4010052
• Normile, D. 2009. Round and round: A guide to the carbon cycle. Science 325, 1642 -1643.
• Novak, J. M., W. J. Busscher, D. W. Watts, D. A. Laird, M. A. Ahmedna, and M. A. S. Niandou. 2010. Short-term CO2 mineralization after additions of biochar and switchgrass to a Typic Kaniudult. Geoderma 154: 281–288
• Nwajiaku, I. M., J. S. Olanrewaju, K. Sato, T. Tokunari, S. Kitano, T. Masunaga. 2018. Change in nutrient composition of biochar from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse at varying pyrolytic temperatures. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 7:269–276. doi.org/10.1007/s40093-018-0213-y
• Peng, X., L. L. Ye, C. H. Wang, H. Zhou, and B. Sun. 2011. Temperature-and duration-dependent rice straw-derived biochar: Characteristics and its effects on soil properties of an Ultisol in southern China. Soil and Tillage Research 112 : 159–166. DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2011.01.002.
• Qin, H. Z., Y. Y. Liu, L. Q. Li, G. X. Pan, X. H. Zhang, and J. W. Zheng. 2012. Adsorption of cadmium in solution by biochar from household biowaste. (In Chinese.) Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment 28:181–186.
• Rajkovich, S., A. Enders, K. Hanley, C. Hyland, A. R. Zimmerman, and J. Lehmann. 2011. Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48: 271–284.
• Sarfraz, R., S. Li, W. Yang, B. Zhou, and S. Xing. 2019. Assessment of Physicochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Waste Mushroom Substrate Biochar under Various Pyrolysis Temperatures and Times. Sustainability 11 (277): 1-14. doi:10.3390/su11010277
• Wang, T., M. Camps-Arbestain, M. Hedley, and P. Bishop. 2012. Predicting phosphorus bioavailability from high-ash biochars. Plant and soil 357 (1-2): 173-187. WMO 2008. The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere using Global Observations through 2007. Greenhouses Gas Bulletin. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 85:142–144.
• Wolf, B. 1982. The comprehensive system of leaf analysis and its use for diagnosing crop nutrient status. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 13:1035-1059.
• Yuan, J., R. Xu, and H. Zhang. 2011. The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures. Bioresource Technology 102:3488-3497.