Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 193 - 201, 31.12.2020

Alper Kılıç Mustafa Yolcu Fuat Kılıç Levent Bilgili

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.794595
Cited By: 4

Abstract

References

  • Referans1 IEA. World Energy Outlook, ISBN: 978-92-64-08624-1, 2010.
  • Referans2 IEA. World Energy Outlook, ISBN: 978-92-64-06130-9, 2009.
  • Referans3 IMO. Third IMO GHG Study, International Maritime Organization, London, UK. 2014.
  • Referans4 J.J. Corbett, J.J. Winebrake, E.H. Green, P. Kasibhatla, V. Eyring, and A. Lauer, “Mortality from Ship Emissions: A Global Assessment. Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 41 (24), 8512-8518, 2007.
  • Referans5 K. Poplawski, E. Setton, B. McEwen, D. Hrebenyk, M. Graham, and P. Keller, “Impact of Cruise Ship Emissions in Victoria, BC, Canada”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, pp. 824-833, 2011.
  • Referans6 C. Dong, K.L. Huang, C.W. Chen, C.W. Lee, H.Y. Lin, and C.F. Chen, “Emission of Air Pollutants Emissions from Ships in the Kaohsiung Harbour Area”, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol. 2 (1), pp. 31-40, 2002.
  • Referans7 D.A. Cooper, “Exhaust Emissions from Ships at Berth” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 37, pp .3817-3830, 2003.
  • Referans8 H. Saxe and T. Larsen, “Air Pollution from Ships in Three Danish Ports”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, pp. pp. 4057-4067, 2004.
  • Referans9 L.L. Marr, D.P. Rosser, and C.A. Meneses, “An Air Quality Survey and Emissions Inventory at Aberdeen Harbour”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 41, pp. 6379-6395, 2007.
  • Referans10 D.Q., Yang, S.H. Kwan, T. Lu, Q.Y. Fu, J.M.S. Cheng, Y.M. Wu, and J.J. Li, “An Emission Inventory of Marine Vessels in Shanghai in 2003”, Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 41 (15), pp. 5183-5190, 2007.
  • Referans11 P. De Meyer, F. Maes, and A. Volckaert, “Emissions from International Shipping in the Belgian Part of the North Sea and Belgian Ports”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 196-206, 2008.
  • Referans12 C.C. Chang and C.M. Wang, “Evaluating the Effects of Green Port Policy: Case Study of Kaohsiung Harbor in Taiwan”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 17, pp. 185-189, 2012.
  • Referans13 F. Adamo, G. Andria, G. Cavone, C. De Capua, A.M. Lanzolla, R. Morello, and M. Spadavecchia, “Estimation of Ship Emissions in the Port of Taranto”, Measurement, Vol. 47, pp. 982-988, 2014.
  • Referans14 G. Chen, K. Govindan, and M.M. Golias, “Reducing Truck Emissions at Container Terminals in a Low Carbon Economy: Proposal of a Queueing-Based Bi-Objective Model for Optimizing Truck Arrival Pattern”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 55, pp. 3-22, 2013.
  • Referans15 T.G. Papoutsoglou, A Cold Ironing Study on Modern Ports, Implementation and Benefits Thriving for Worldwide Ports, Thesis, School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 2012.
  • Referans16 B. Slack, “Battening Down the Hatches: How Should the Maritime Industries Weather the Financial Tsunami?”, Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 27, pp. 4-9, 2010.
  • Referans17 S. Kumar, H.T. Kwon, K.H. Choi, W. Lim, J.H. Cho, K. Tak, and I. Moon, “LNG: An Eco-Friendly Cryogenic Fuel for Sustainable Development”, Applied Energy, Vol. 88, pp. 4264–4273, 2011.
  • Referans18 E.K. Dedes, D.A. Hudson, and S.R. Turnock, “Assessing the Potential of Hybrid Energy Technology to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Global Shipping”, Energy Policy, Vol. 40, pp. 204-218, 2012.
  • Referans19 ENEL. ENEL delivers "cold ironing" project for the marittima area to the Venice Port Authority.
  • Referans20 M. Acciaro, H. Ghiara, and M.I. Cusano, “Energy Management in Seaports: A New Role for Port Authorities”, Energy Policy, Vol. 7, pp. 4-12, 2014.
  • Referans21 J.P. Rodrigue, and T. Notteboom, “The Geography of Cruises: Itineraries, Not Destinations”, Applied Geography, Vol. 38, pp. 31-42, 2013.
  • Referans22 T.P.V. Zis, “Prospects of Cold Ironing as an Emissions Reduction Option”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 119, pp. 82-95, 2019.
  • Referans23 A.M. Kotrikla, T. Lilas, and N. Nikitakos, “Abatement of Air Pollution at an Aegean Island Port Utilizing Shore Side Electricity and Renewable Energy”, Marine Policy, Vol. 75, pp. 238-248, 2017.
  • Referans24 U. Kesgin and N. Vardar, “A Study on Exhaust Gas Emissions from Ships in Turkish Straits”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 35, pp. 1863-1870, 2001.
  • Referans25 A. Kilic and C. Deniz, Inventory of Shipping Emissions in Izmit Gulf, Turkey”, Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 29 (2), pp. 221-232, 2010.
  • Referans26 N.H. Peksen, D.Y. Peksen, and A. Olcer, “Cold Ironing Method: Marport Port Application, Journal of ETA Maritime Science, Vol. 2 (2), pp. 11-30 (in Turkish), 2014.
  • Referans27 E.A. Sciberras, B. Zahawi, and D.J. Atkinson, “Reducing Shipboard Emissions – Assessment of the Role of Electrical Technologies”, Transportation Research Part D: Transporta and Environment, Vol. 51, pp. 227-239, 2017.
  • Referans28 J. Ling-Ching and A.P. Roskilly, “Investigating a Conventional and Retrofit Power Plant On-Board a Roll-on/Roll-off Cargo Ship from a Sustainability Perspective-A Life Cycle Assessment Case Study”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 117, pp. 305-318, 2016a.
  • Referans29 J. Ling-Ching and A.P. Roskilly, “Investigating the Implications of a New-Build Hybrid Power System for Roll-on/Roll-off Cargo Ships from a Sustainability Perspective-A Life Cycle Assessment Case Study”, Applied Energy, Vol. 181, pp. 416-434, 2016b.
  • Referans30 W.J. Hall, “Assessment of CO2 and Priority Pollutant Reduction by Installation of Shoreside Power”, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Vol. 54, pp. 462-467, 2010.
  • Referans31 D.P. McArthur and L. Osland, “Ships in a City Harbour: An Economic Valuation of Atmospheric Emissions”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 47-52, 2013.
  • Referans32 E.A., Sciberras, B. Zahawi, and D.J. Atkinson, “Electrical Characteristics of Cold Ironing Energy Supply for Berthed Ships”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 39, pp. 31-43, 2015.
  • Referans33 A. Innes and J. Monios, “Identifying the Unique Challenges of Installing Cold Ironing at Small and Medium Ports-The Case of Aberdeen”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 62, pp. 298-313, 2018.
  • Referans34 T. Coppola, M. Fantauzzi, D. Lauria, C. Pisani, and F. Quaranta, “A Sustainable Electrical Interface to Mitigate Emissions due to Power Supply in Ports”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 54, pp. 816-823, 2016.
  • Referans35 P.H. Tseng and N. Pilcher, “A Study of the Potential of Shore Power for the Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan: To introduce or Not to Introduce?”, Research in Transportation Business and Management, Vol. 17, pp. 83-91, 2015.
  • Referans36 F. Ballini and R. Bozzo, “Air Pollution from Ships in Ports: The Socio-Economic Benefit of Cold-Ironing Technology”, Research in Transportation Business and Management, Vol. 17, pp. 92-98, 2015.
  • Referans37 C. Trozzi, EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook, 2013.
  • Referans38 C. Trozzi, “Emission Estimate Methodology for Maritime Navigation”, 19th International Emission Inventory Conference, 27-30 September 2010, San Antonio, USA, 2010.
  • Referans39 Bunker Index. 2013. https://www.bunkerindex.com/
  • Referans40 Y. Wild, “Determination of Energy Cost of Electrical Energy On Board Sea-Going Vessels”, Hamburg, 2005.
  • Referans41 Energy Market Regulatory Authority. 2013.
  • Referans42 C.H. Han, “Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution in Shipping Industry”, The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, Vol. 26 (1), pp. 7-30, 2010.
  • Referans43 G. Arduino, R. Aronietis, Y. Crozet, K. Frouws, C. Ferrari, L. Guihéry, et al., “How to Turn an Innovative Concept into a Success? An Application to Seaport-Related Innovation”, Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 42, pp. 97-107, 2013.
  • Referans44 P.F.I. Ericsson, “Shore-Side Power Supply, A Feasibility Study and a Technical Solution for an On-Shore Electrical Infrastructure to Supply Vessels with Electric Power while in Port, Gothenburg: Chalmers University, 2008.
  • Referans45 P. Gilbert and A. Bows, “Exploring the Scope for Complementary Sub-Global Policy to Mitigate CO2 from Shipping”, Energy Policy, Vol. 50, pp. 613-622, 2012.

Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 4, 193 - 201, 31.12.2020

Alper Kılıç Mustafa Yolcu Fuat Kılıç Levent Bilgili

https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.794595
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Ships are significant emissions sources, especially in port areas. Besides other emission sources, they have remarkable air pollution impacts on residential areas near ports. It is well known that these emissions have deleterious impacts on both human health, and ecosystems. The biggest ports are generally located near highly populated cities. Therefore, emissions occurred due to shipping activities in ports have a significant importance. This study examines shipping emissions at berth by using data of ships calling in Iskenderun Port in 2013 and compares the environmental performance of using shore side electricity. The study also investigates the external costs associated with the impacts of emissions on climate change, air quality, and human health. According to the results, utilization of shore side electricity instead of auxiliary engines in ports provide significant benefits on environmental and economic issues. In case of Iskenderun Port, it is concluded that shore side electricity eliminates approximately $ 23 million of external costs per year.

Keywords

Ship port emission cold ironing air pollution

References

  • Referans1 IEA. World Energy Outlook, ISBN: 978-92-64-08624-1, 2010.
  • Referans2 IEA. World Energy Outlook, ISBN: 978-92-64-06130-9, 2009.
  • Referans3 IMO. Third IMO GHG Study, International Maritime Organization, London, UK. 2014.
  • Referans4 J.J. Corbett, J.J. Winebrake, E.H. Green, P. Kasibhatla, V. Eyring, and A. Lauer, “Mortality from Ship Emissions: A Global Assessment. Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 41 (24), 8512-8518, 2007.
  • Referans5 K. Poplawski, E. Setton, B. McEwen, D. Hrebenyk, M. Graham, and P. Keller, “Impact of Cruise Ship Emissions in Victoria, BC, Canada”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 45, pp. 824-833, 2011.
  • Referans6 C. Dong, K.L. Huang, C.W. Chen, C.W. Lee, H.Y. Lin, and C.F. Chen, “Emission of Air Pollutants Emissions from Ships in the Kaohsiung Harbour Area”, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol. 2 (1), pp. 31-40, 2002.
  • Referans7 D.A. Cooper, “Exhaust Emissions from Ships at Berth” Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 37, pp .3817-3830, 2003.
  • Referans8 H. Saxe and T. Larsen, “Air Pollution from Ships in Three Danish Ports”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 38, pp. pp. 4057-4067, 2004.
  • Referans9 L.L. Marr, D.P. Rosser, and C.A. Meneses, “An Air Quality Survey and Emissions Inventory at Aberdeen Harbour”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 41, pp. 6379-6395, 2007.
  • Referans10 D.Q., Yang, S.H. Kwan, T. Lu, Q.Y. Fu, J.M.S. Cheng, Y.M. Wu, and J.J. Li, “An Emission Inventory of Marine Vessels in Shanghai in 2003”, Environment Science and Technology, Vol. 41 (15), pp. 5183-5190, 2007.
  • Referans11 P. De Meyer, F. Maes, and A. Volckaert, “Emissions from International Shipping in the Belgian Part of the North Sea and Belgian Ports”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 196-206, 2008.
  • Referans12 C.C. Chang and C.M. Wang, “Evaluating the Effects of Green Port Policy: Case Study of Kaohsiung Harbor in Taiwan”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 17, pp. 185-189, 2012.
  • Referans13 F. Adamo, G. Andria, G. Cavone, C. De Capua, A.M. Lanzolla, R. Morello, and M. Spadavecchia, “Estimation of Ship Emissions in the Port of Taranto”, Measurement, Vol. 47, pp. 982-988, 2014.
  • Referans14 G. Chen, K. Govindan, and M.M. Golias, “Reducing Truck Emissions at Container Terminals in a Low Carbon Economy: Proposal of a Queueing-Based Bi-Objective Model for Optimizing Truck Arrival Pattern”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 55, pp. 3-22, 2013.
  • Referans15 T.G. Papoutsoglou, A Cold Ironing Study on Modern Ports, Implementation and Benefits Thriving for Worldwide Ports, Thesis, School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 2012.
  • Referans16 B. Slack, “Battening Down the Hatches: How Should the Maritime Industries Weather the Financial Tsunami?”, Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 27, pp. 4-9, 2010.
  • Referans17 S. Kumar, H.T. Kwon, K.H. Choi, W. Lim, J.H. Cho, K. Tak, and I. Moon, “LNG: An Eco-Friendly Cryogenic Fuel for Sustainable Development”, Applied Energy, Vol. 88, pp. 4264–4273, 2011.
  • Referans18 E.K. Dedes, D.A. Hudson, and S.R. Turnock, “Assessing the Potential of Hybrid Energy Technology to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Global Shipping”, Energy Policy, Vol. 40, pp. 204-218, 2012.
  • Referans19 ENEL. ENEL delivers "cold ironing" project for the marittima area to the Venice Port Authority.
  • Referans20 M. Acciaro, H. Ghiara, and M.I. Cusano, “Energy Management in Seaports: A New Role for Port Authorities”, Energy Policy, Vol. 7, pp. 4-12, 2014.
  • Referans21 J.P. Rodrigue, and T. Notteboom, “The Geography of Cruises: Itineraries, Not Destinations”, Applied Geography, Vol. 38, pp. 31-42, 2013.
  • Referans22 T.P.V. Zis, “Prospects of Cold Ironing as an Emissions Reduction Option”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 119, pp. 82-95, 2019.
  • Referans23 A.M. Kotrikla, T. Lilas, and N. Nikitakos, “Abatement of Air Pollution at an Aegean Island Port Utilizing Shore Side Electricity and Renewable Energy”, Marine Policy, Vol. 75, pp. 238-248, 2017.
  • Referans24 U. Kesgin and N. Vardar, “A Study on Exhaust Gas Emissions from Ships in Turkish Straits”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 35, pp. 1863-1870, 2001.
  • Referans25 A. Kilic and C. Deniz, Inventory of Shipping Emissions in Izmit Gulf, Turkey”, Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 29 (2), pp. 221-232, 2010.
  • Referans26 N.H. Peksen, D.Y. Peksen, and A. Olcer, “Cold Ironing Method: Marport Port Application, Journal of ETA Maritime Science, Vol. 2 (2), pp. 11-30 (in Turkish), 2014.
  • Referans27 E.A. Sciberras, B. Zahawi, and D.J. Atkinson, “Reducing Shipboard Emissions – Assessment of the Role of Electrical Technologies”, Transportation Research Part D: Transporta and Environment, Vol. 51, pp. 227-239, 2017.
  • Referans28 J. Ling-Ching and A.P. Roskilly, “Investigating a Conventional and Retrofit Power Plant On-Board a Roll-on/Roll-off Cargo Ship from a Sustainability Perspective-A Life Cycle Assessment Case Study”, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 117, pp. 305-318, 2016a.
  • Referans29 J. Ling-Ching and A.P. Roskilly, “Investigating the Implications of a New-Build Hybrid Power System for Roll-on/Roll-off Cargo Ships from a Sustainability Perspective-A Life Cycle Assessment Case Study”, Applied Energy, Vol. 181, pp. 416-434, 2016b.
  • Referans30 W.J. Hall, “Assessment of CO2 and Priority Pollutant Reduction by Installation of Shoreside Power”, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Vol. 54, pp. 462-467, 2010.
  • Referans31 D.P. McArthur and L. Osland, “Ships in a City Harbour: An Economic Valuation of Atmospheric Emissions”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 21, pp. 47-52, 2013.
  • Referans32 E.A., Sciberras, B. Zahawi, and D.J. Atkinson, “Electrical Characteristics of Cold Ironing Energy Supply for Berthed Ships”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 39, pp. 31-43, 2015.
  • Referans33 A. Innes and J. Monios, “Identifying the Unique Challenges of Installing Cold Ironing at Small and Medium Ports-The Case of Aberdeen”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 62, pp. 298-313, 2018.
  • Referans34 T. Coppola, M. Fantauzzi, D. Lauria, C. Pisani, and F. Quaranta, “A Sustainable Electrical Interface to Mitigate Emissions due to Power Supply in Ports”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 54, pp. 816-823, 2016.
  • Referans35 P.H. Tseng and N. Pilcher, “A Study of the Potential of Shore Power for the Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan: To introduce or Not to Introduce?”, Research in Transportation Business and Management, Vol. 17, pp. 83-91, 2015.
  • Referans36 F. Ballini and R. Bozzo, “Air Pollution from Ships in Ports: The Socio-Economic Benefit of Cold-Ironing Technology”, Research in Transportation Business and Management, Vol. 17, pp. 92-98, 2015.
  • Referans37 C. Trozzi, EMEP/EEA emission inventory guidebook, 2013.
  • Referans38 C. Trozzi, “Emission Estimate Methodology for Maritime Navigation”, 19th International Emission Inventory Conference, 27-30 September 2010, San Antonio, USA, 2010.
  • Referans39 Bunker Index. 2013. https://www.bunkerindex.com/
  • Referans40 Y. Wild, “Determination of Energy Cost of Electrical Energy On Board Sea-Going Vessels”, Hamburg, 2005.
  • Referans41 Energy Market Regulatory Authority. 2013.
  • Referans42 C.H. Han, “Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution in Shipping Industry”, The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, Vol. 26 (1), pp. 7-30, 2010.
  • Referans43 G. Arduino, R. Aronietis, Y. Crozet, K. Frouws, C. Ferrari, L. Guihéry, et al., “How to Turn an Innovative Concept into a Success? An Application to Seaport-Related Innovation”, Research in Transportation Economics, Vol. 42, pp. 97-107, 2013.
  • Referans44 P.F.I. Ericsson, “Shore-Side Power Supply, A Feasibility Study and a Technical Solution for an On-Shore Electrical Infrastructure to Supply Vessels with Electric Power while in Port, Gothenburg: Chalmers University, 2008.
  • Referans45 P. Gilbert and A. Bows, “Exploring the Scope for Complementary Sub-Global Policy to Mitigate CO2 from Shipping”, Energy Policy, Vol. 50, pp. 613-622, 2012.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Energy Systems Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Alper Kılıç 0000-0002-2700-9094

Mustafa Yolcu This is me 0000-0001-8123-9336

Fuat Kılıç 0000-0003-2502-3789

Levent Bilgili 0000-0001-9431-5289

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Submission Date September 14, 2020
Acceptance Date November 12, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kılıç, A., Yolcu, M., Kılıç, F., Bilgili, L. (2020). Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey. Environmental Research and Technology, 3(4), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.794595
AMA Kılıç A, Yolcu M, Kılıç F, Bilgili L. Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey. ERT. December 2020;3(4):193-201. doi:10.35208/ert.794595
Chicago Kılıç, Alper, Mustafa Yolcu, Fuat Kılıç, and Levent Bilgili. “Assessment of Ship Emissions through Cold Ironing Method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey”. Environmental Research and Technology 3, no. 4 (December 2020): 193-201. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.794595.
EndNote Kılıç A, Yolcu M, Kılıç F, Bilgili L (December 1, 2020) Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey. Environmental Research and Technology 3 4 193–201.
IEEE A. Kılıç, M. Yolcu, F. Kılıç, and L. Bilgili, “Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey”, ERT, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 193–201, 2020, doi: 10.35208/ert.794595.
ISNAD Kılıç, Alper et al. “Assessment of Ship Emissions through Cold Ironing Method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey”. Environmental Research and Technology 3/4 (December 2020), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.794595.
JAMA Kılıç A, Yolcu M, Kılıç F, Bilgili L. Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey. ERT. 2020;3:193–201.
MLA Kılıç, Alper et al. “Assessment of Ship Emissions through Cold Ironing Method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 3, no. 4, 2020, pp. 193-01, doi:10.35208/ert.794595.
Vancouver Kılıç A, Yolcu M, Kılıç F, Bilgili L. Assessment of ship emissions through cold ironing method for Iskenderun Port of Turkey. ERT. 2020;3(4):193-201.

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