BİR MODERN DEVLET VE EGEMENLİK MİTİ: WESTPHALİA BARIŞI

Year 2020, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 191 - 224, 30.04.2020

Yaşar Salihpaşaoğlu , Özgem Tuğçe Gümüş Boyacı

Abstract

Orta Avrupa’da Katolikler ve Protestanlar arasında din temelli olarak
başlayıp uzun yıllar devam eden ve bu coğrafyada büyük bir yıkıma neden olan
Otuz Yıl Savaşları 1648 yılında Westphalia Barışı ile sona ermiştir. Daha sonra
kendisine özel bir anlam yüklenen bu barış, modern devletlerin ortaya çıkışı ve
egemen devletlerin eşitliği ilkesine dayanan yeni bir uluslararası düzenin kuruluşuyla
ilişkilendirilmiştir. Büyük oranda kabul gören bu yaklaşım son yıllarda
“mit” olarak değerlendirilerek tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Fransa, İsveç ve Kutsal
Roma İmparatorluğu arasında yapılan bir barışa böyle bir anlamın yüklenmesinin
yanıltıcı olduğu, bunun antlaşma metinleri tarafından doğrulanmadığı, tarihsel
gerçeklerle örtüşmediği ve modern devletin ortaya çıkışını bir “an”a indirgeyerek,
uzun bir “sürecin” ürünü olduğu gerçeğini görmezden geldiği ileri
sürülmüştür.

Keywords

Protestan Reformu, Otuz Yıl Savaşları, Westphalia Barışı, Egemenlik, Modern Devlet

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