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Ekonomik Büyüme ve Ödemeler Bilançosu Kısıtı: 1980-2006 Dönemi Türkiye Örneği

Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 25, 59 - 70, 01.12.2008

Abstract

A. P. Thirlwall (1979) tarafından geliştirilen ve Thirlwall Kanunu (Thirlwall's Law) olarak bilinen model, heteredoks literatürün dışa açık makroekonomik dinamikleri
incelemek için kullandığı en önemli yaklaşımlardan biridir. Thirlwall Kanunu'nun esas
çıkış noktası büyümenin arz yönlü mü yoksa talep yönlü mü olduğu tartışmasıdır. Thirlwall'ın öncülüğünü yaptığı Post-Keynesyen iktisatçılar talep yönlü bir büyüme sürecine
inanmaktadırlar. Post-Keynesyen yaklaşıma göre talepteki büyüme ülkenin cari işlemler
bilânçosu üzerinde baskı yaratır ve bunun sonucunda cari işlemler bilânçosu büyüme üzerinde
kısıtlayıcı bir etkisi yapar. Thirlwall Kanunu dışa açık ekonomilerin ekonomik büyümesinin fiyat dışı rekabet tarafından (yani ithalat ve ihracatın gelir esnekliği) sınırlandığı/belirlendiğini ileri sürmektedir. Bu nedenle Thirlwall Kanunu'na "ödemeler bilânçosu tarafından kısıtlanmış büyüme" (balance of payments constrained growth) da denilmektedir.
Bu araştırmada 1980-2006 döneminde Thirlwall Kanunu'nun Türkiye ekonomisi için
geçerliliğini sınamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada Thirlwall Kanunu'nun geçerliliğini
sınamak için 1980-2006 dönemi için model tarafından öngörülen büyüme oranlar hesaplanmış
ve bu oranlar aynı dönem için gerçekleşen büyüme oranları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Tahmin edilen büyüme oranları ile gerçekleşen büyüme oranları arasında bazı benzerlikler
gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak McGregor ve Swales (1985) testi sonuçları 1980-2006 dönemi
Türkiye ekonomisi için Thirwall Kanunu tarafından öngörülen büyüme oranları ile gerçekleşen büyüme oranları arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir.

References

  • ALONSO J. A. (1999), Growth and External Constraints: Lessons from Spanish Case , Applied Economics, 31, pp: 245 253.
  • ATESOGLU H. S. (1993), Balance of Payments Constrained Growth: Evidence from United States , Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 15(4), pp: 507-514.
  • ATESOGLU H. S. (1994), Balance of Payments Determined in Germany , Applied Economics Letters, 1(6), pp: 89-91.
  • BAIRAM E. (1988), Balance of Payments, the Harrod Trade Multiplier and Economic Growth: The European and North American Experience, 1970 85 , Applied Economics, 20(12), pp: 1635 1642.
  • BAIRAM E. and G. DEMPSTER (1991), The Harrod Foreign Trade Multiplier and Economic Growth in Asean Countries , Applied Economics, 23(11), pp: 1719-1924.
  • CHENERY H. and I. ADELMAN (1966), Foreign Aid and Economic Development: The Case of Greece , Review of Economics and Statistics, 48, pp: 1-19.
  • CHENERY H. and M. BRUNO (1962), Development Alternatives in an Open Economy: The case of Israel , The Economic Journal, 72, pp: 79-103.
  • HARROD R. (1933), International Economics, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge.
  • M. LEON-LEDESMA (1999), An Application of Thirlwall s Law to the Spanish Economy , Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 21(3), pp: 431 439.
  • MCCOMBIE J. S. L. and A. P. THIRLWALL (1994), Economic Growth and Balance of Payments Constraint, St. Martin s Pres, New York.
  • MCCOMBIE J. S. L. and A. P. THIRLWALL (1999), Growth in an International Context , in J. DEPREZ and J. T. HARVEY (Eds.), Foundations of International Economics: Post Keynesian Perspectives, Routledge, New York, 1999, pp: 35 90.
  • MCGREGOR P. G. and J. K. SWALES (1985), Professor Thirlwall and Balance of Payments Constrained Growth , Applied Economics, 17(1), pp: 17 32.
  • MCGREGOR P. G. and J. K. SWALES (1986), Balance of Payments Constrained Growth: A Rejoinder to Professor Thirlwall , Applied Economics, 18(12), pp: 1265 74.
  • PREBISCH, R. (1950), The Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principal Problems, United Nations, New York.
  • SANTOS- PAULINO A. and A. P. THIRLWALL (2004), The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Exports, Imports and Balance of Payments of Developing Countries , The Economic Journal, 114, February, pp: 50 72.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. (1979), The Balance of Payments Constraint as an Explanation of International Growth Rates Differences , Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, 128(1), pp: 45 53.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. (1986), Balance of Payments Constrained Growth: A Reply to McGregor and Swales , Applied Economics, 18, pp: 1259 1265.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. (1997), Factor Mobility, Trade and Regional Economic Differences: What Story Should We Tell Our Grandchildren? Paper Prepared for a Conference at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 16-19th September.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. and N. HUSSAIN (1982), The Balance of Payments Constraint, Capital Flows and Growth Rates Differences Between Developing Countries , Oxford Economic Papers, 34(3), pp: 498 510.
  • UTKULU U. and D. SEYMEN (2004), Trade and Competitiveness between Turkey and the EU: Time Series Evidence , Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper. 2004/8

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CONSTRAINED: TURKISH CASE OVER THE PERIOD 1980-2006

Year 2008, Volume: 1 Issue: 25, 59 - 70, 01.12.2008

Abstract

Economic literature in recent years has shown a wider interest in growth related
problems. Mainstream growth theory (classical and neoclassical) largely ignores balance of
payments. In heterodox literature, balance of payments constrained growth model has
provided the most significant alternative to those of the classical or neoclassical tradition. A. P. Thirlwall s analysis of balanced of payments constrained growth is called Thirlwall s Law or Simple Rule . Thirlwall (1979) showed that the rate of growth an economy is determined by the ratio growth of exports to its income elasticity of demand for
imports. The present article attempts to test Thirlwall s Law for Turkish economy (1980- 2006). The test of law have involved a consideration of how closely estimates of balance of
payments constrained growth rates approximate to the observed growth rates. We found
some similarities between actual rates of growth and rates of growth predicted by the
Thirlwall s Law for Turkish economy. Although some similarities are founded between
actual rates of growth and rates of growth predicted by the Thirlwall s Law, the results of
McGregor and Swales test developed by McGregor and Swales (1985) strongly rejected the
empirical validity of Thirlwall s Law for Turkish economy over the period 1980-2006.

References

  • ALONSO J. A. (1999), Growth and External Constraints: Lessons from Spanish Case , Applied Economics, 31, pp: 245 253.
  • ATESOGLU H. S. (1993), Balance of Payments Constrained Growth: Evidence from United States , Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 15(4), pp: 507-514.
  • ATESOGLU H. S. (1994), Balance of Payments Determined in Germany , Applied Economics Letters, 1(6), pp: 89-91.
  • BAIRAM E. (1988), Balance of Payments, the Harrod Trade Multiplier and Economic Growth: The European and North American Experience, 1970 85 , Applied Economics, 20(12), pp: 1635 1642.
  • BAIRAM E. and G. DEMPSTER (1991), The Harrod Foreign Trade Multiplier and Economic Growth in Asean Countries , Applied Economics, 23(11), pp: 1719-1924.
  • CHENERY H. and I. ADELMAN (1966), Foreign Aid and Economic Development: The Case of Greece , Review of Economics and Statistics, 48, pp: 1-19.
  • CHENERY H. and M. BRUNO (1962), Development Alternatives in an Open Economy: The case of Israel , The Economic Journal, 72, pp: 79-103.
  • HARROD R. (1933), International Economics, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge.
  • M. LEON-LEDESMA (1999), An Application of Thirlwall s Law to the Spanish Economy , Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 21(3), pp: 431 439.
  • MCCOMBIE J. S. L. and A. P. THIRLWALL (1994), Economic Growth and Balance of Payments Constraint, St. Martin s Pres, New York.
  • MCCOMBIE J. S. L. and A. P. THIRLWALL (1999), Growth in an International Context , in J. DEPREZ and J. T. HARVEY (Eds.), Foundations of International Economics: Post Keynesian Perspectives, Routledge, New York, 1999, pp: 35 90.
  • MCGREGOR P. G. and J. K. SWALES (1985), Professor Thirlwall and Balance of Payments Constrained Growth , Applied Economics, 17(1), pp: 17 32.
  • MCGREGOR P. G. and J. K. SWALES (1986), Balance of Payments Constrained Growth: A Rejoinder to Professor Thirlwall , Applied Economics, 18(12), pp: 1265 74.
  • PREBISCH, R. (1950), The Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principal Problems, United Nations, New York.
  • SANTOS- PAULINO A. and A. P. THIRLWALL (2004), The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Exports, Imports and Balance of Payments of Developing Countries , The Economic Journal, 114, February, pp: 50 72.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. (1979), The Balance of Payments Constraint as an Explanation of International Growth Rates Differences , Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, 128(1), pp: 45 53.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. (1986), Balance of Payments Constrained Growth: A Reply to McGregor and Swales , Applied Economics, 18, pp: 1259 1265.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. (1997), Factor Mobility, Trade and Regional Economic Differences: What Story Should We Tell Our Grandchildren? Paper Prepared for a Conference at the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 16-19th September.
  • THIRLWALL A. P. and N. HUSSAIN (1982), The Balance of Payments Constraint, Capital Flows and Growth Rates Differences Between Developing Countries , Oxford Economic Papers, 34(3), pp: 498 510.
  • UTKULU U. and D. SEYMEN (2004), Trade and Competitiveness between Turkey and the EU: Time Series Evidence , Turkish Economic Association Discussion Paper. 2004/8
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA77YZ99ZY
Journal Section Makaleler / Articles
Authors

Ferit Kula

Publication Date December 1, 2008
Submission Date December 1, 2008
Published in Issue Year 2008 Volume: 1 Issue: 25

Cite

APA Kula, F. (2008). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Ödemeler Bilançosu Kısıtı: 1980-2006 Dönemi Türkiye Örneği. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(25), 59-70.

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