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Âdem’den Önce Adamlar Var Mıydı? Kitab-ı Mukaddes Eleştirisi Bağlamında Isaac La Peyrère’in Ön-Âdemiler Hipotezi

Year 2019, Issue: 47, 35 - 65, 31.12.2019

Abstract

17. yüzyıl, Avrupa tarihinde “kuşkuculuk” çağı olarak da
adlandırılır. 16. asırdan itibaren gerçekleşen coğrafi, tarihi ve bilimsel
keşifler yepyeni ufuklar açmıştır. Rönesans döneminden itibaren bir taraftan
felsefi düşüncenin gelişmesi diğer taraftan da Hıristiyan mezhepler arasındaki
din savaşlarının düşünen zihinleri dini paradigmanın dışına itmesiyle birlikte
rasyonel bakış açısı ağırlık kazanmıştır. Asırlar boyunca tarihsel, doğal veya
beşeri hakikatler olarak Hıristiyanlığın kutsal kitap külliyatı ekseninde
anlamlandırılan olgulara da kuşkuyla bakılmaya başlanmıştır. Fransız
araştırmacı Isaac La Peyrère’in ön-Âdemiler hipotezi, o dönemdeki kuşkucu
zihniyeti yansıtan önemli örneklerden biridir. La Peyrère’in Âdem’den önce
insanların var olup olmadığını sorgulaması profan/beşeri bilginin Kitab-ı
Mukaddes ile bağdaştırma gayretinin bir ürünüdür. La Peyrère’in Kitab-ı
Mukaddes’in en başındaki kıssayı, insanın yeryüzündeki varlığına dair en temel
kıssayı tartışma konusu yapmasıyla başlayan süreç, Eski Ahit kitaplarının
otantikliği ve vahiy değeri meselesiyle devam etmiş, tarihsel İsa ve Yeni
Ahit’in Tanrı kelamı olup olmadığı tartışmalarına kadar uzanmıştır. Sonuç
itibariyle La Peyrère’in ön-Âdemiler hipotezi kabul görmemiş olsa da Kitab-ı
Mukaddes’in güvenirliliği hakkında ciddi tereddütler uyandırarak Kitab-ı
Mukaddes eleştirine öncülük etmiştir.   

Supporting Institution

Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

8170

References

  • ALLISON, D. C. (2005). Biblical Literature: New Testament. Encyclopedia of Religion (s. 905-923). içinde Farmington Hills: Thomson Gale.
  • AMANN, É. (1935). Préadamites. Dictionnaire de théologie catholique (s. 2793-2800). içinde Paris: Letouzey et Ané.
  • AUGUSTINE, S. (2008). The City of God (Books VIII-XVI). Washington: The Catholic University of America Press.
  • AUGUSTINE, S. (2008). The City of God (Books XVII-XXII). Washington: The Catholic University of America Press.
  • BANCROFT, H. H. (1876). The Native Races of the Pacific States of North America (Cilt 5). New York.
  • BENDYSHE, T. (1865). The History of Anthropology. Memoirs Read before the Anthropological Society of London (Cilt 1, s. 335-360). içinde London: Anthropological Society of London.
  • BIONDI, G., & Rickards, O. (2003). Polygenism. Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture (s. 221). içinde London: SAGE Publications.
  • BLÁHA, J. (2010). Lessons from the Kabbalah and Jewish History. Brno: Marek Konecný.
  • BROADHURST, J. R. (2012). What Is the Literal Sense? Considering the Hermeneutic of John Lightfoot. Eugene: Pickwick Publications.
  • BUCK, C. (1807). A Theological Dictionary: Containing Definitions of All Religious Terms (Cilt 1). Philadelphia.
  • CRANFIELD, C. E. (2004). A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (Cilt 1). London: T&T Clark.
  • DE QUATREFAGES, A. (1861). Unité de l'espèce humaine. Paris.
  • Dogmatic Canons and Decrees. (1912). New York: The Devin-Adair Company.
  • EMPEROR JULIAN. (1913). Works (Cilt 2). London: William Heinemann.
  • FITZMYER, J. A. (1990). The Letter to the Romans. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary (s. 830-868). içinde Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
  • FRAMPTON, T. L. (2006). Spinoza and the Rise of Historical Criticism of the Bible. London: T&T Clark.
  • FREED, E. D. (2005). The Apostle Paul and His Letters. London: Equinox.
  • GARCIA, G. (1607). Origen de los indios de el Nuevo Mundo e Indias Occidentales. Valencia.
  • GARCIA, G. (1729). Origen de los Indios de el Nuevo Mundo e Indias Occidentales (2 b.). Madrid.
  • HAACKER, K. (2003). The Theology of Paul's Letter to the Romans . New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • HALEVI, J. (1964). The Kuzari (Kitab Al Khazari). New York: Schocken Books.
  • HÄMEEN-ANTTILA, J. (2006). The Last Pagans of Iraq: Ibn Wahshiyya And His Nabatean Agriculture. Leiden: Brill.
  • HUXLEY, G. L. (1980). Aristotle, Las Casas and the American Indians. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies,History, Linguistics, Literature, 80c, 57-68.
  • ISIDORE OF SEVİLLE. (2006). Etymologies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KOCHER, P. H. (1946). Christopher Marlowe: A Study of his Thought, Learning, and Character. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1643). Du Rappel des Juifs.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1647). Relation du Groenland. Paris.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1655). A Theological Systeme. London.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1656). Men before Adam. London.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1658). Lettre de La Peyrère à Philotime. Rome.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1663). Apologie. Paris.
  • LE CLERC, J. (1686). Défense des sentimens de quelques Théologiens de Hollande sur l'Histoire critique du Vieux Testament. Contre la réponse du Prieur de Bolleville. Amsterdam.
  • LIVINGSTONE (ed.), F. A. (1997). Augustine, St, of Hippo (354-430). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 b., s. 128-130). içinde Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • LIVINGSTONE, D. N. (2008). Adam's Ancestors: Race, Religion, and the Politics of Human Origins. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • LIVINGSTONE, D. N. (2010). Cultural Politics and the Racial Cartographics of Human Origins. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35, 204-221.
  • LOUISON-LASSABLIÈRE, M.-J. (2000). Le recours à l'écriture: Polémique et conciliation du XVe siècle au XVIIe siècle. Saint-Etienne: Publications da l'Université de Saint-Etienne.
  • MAIMONIDES, M. (2002). The Guide for the Perplexed. (M. Friedländer, Çev.) Skokie: Varda Books.
  • MCCALLA, A. (2006). The Creationist Debate: The Encounter between the Bible and the Historical Mind. London: Continuum.
  • NELLEN, H. J. (2008). Growing Tension between Church Doctrines and Critical Exegesis of the Old Testament. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation Vol. II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (s. 802-826). içinde Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • NEUSNER, J. (2001). A Theological Commentary to the Midrash: Genesis Rabbah. Lanham: University Press of America.
  • PASCAL, B. (1918). Pensées (Cilt 2). Paris: Librairie Delagrave.
  • PASCAL, B. (1918). Pensées (Cilt 1). Paris: Librairie Delagrave.
  • PERCY, M. (2006). Clergy: The Origin of Species. London: Continuum.
  • POPKIN, R. (1979). The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza. Berkeley: The University of California Press.
  • POPKIN, R. (1987). Isaac La Peyrère (1596-1676): His Life, Work, and Influence. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  • POPKIN, R. (2001). Millenarianism and Nationalism — A Case Study: Isaac La Peyrère. R. H. John Christian Laursen (Dü.) içinde, Millenarianism and Messianism in Early Modern European Culture Volume IV: Continental Millenarians: Protestants, Catholics, Heretics (s. 77-84). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
  • POPKIN, R. (2006). La Peyrère, Isaac. Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Cilt 5, s. 196-197). içinde Farmington Hills: Thomson Gale.
  • RAPPOPORT, A. S. (1995). Ancient Israel: Myths and Legends (Cilt 1). London: Senate.
  • ROBERTS, A., & Donaldson, J. (Dü). (1867). Ante-Nicene Christian Library Vol. III: Tatian, Theophilis, and the Clementine Recognitions. Edinburg.
  • ROBINSON, I. (1978). Isaac de la Peyrère and the Recall of the Jews. Jewish Social Studies, 40(2), 117-130.
  • SİMON, R. (1730). Lettres choisies (Cilt 2). Amsterdam: Pierre Mortier.
  • SLOTKIN, J. S. (1965). Readings in Early Anthropology. New York: Routledge.
  • STRAUSS, L. (1982). Spinoza's Critique of Religion. New York: Schocken Books.
  • TEITLER, H. C. (2017). The Last Pagan Emperor: Julian the Apostate and the War against Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • THEIN, J. (1892). Christian Anthropology (2 b.). New York: Benziger Brothers.
  • WEINTRAUB, D. A. (2011). How Old is the Universe? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • WETSEL, D. (1994). Pascal and Disbelief: Catechesis and Conversion in the Penseées. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
  • WHITE, A. D. (1896). A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (Cilt 2). New York: D. Appleton.
  • WHITE, A. D. (1898). A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (Cilt 1). London: Macmillan.
  • WILLIAMS, J. (1997). Isidore, Orosius and the Beatus Map. Imago Mundi, 49, 7-32.
  • WOODWARD, D. (1987). Medieval Mappaemundi. J. B. Harley, & D. Woodward (Dü) içinde, The History of Cartography, Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean (s. 286-370). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Year 2019, Issue: 47, 35 - 65, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Project Number

8170

References

  • ALLISON, D. C. (2005). Biblical Literature: New Testament. Encyclopedia of Religion (s. 905-923). içinde Farmington Hills: Thomson Gale.
  • AMANN, É. (1935). Préadamites. Dictionnaire de théologie catholique (s. 2793-2800). içinde Paris: Letouzey et Ané.
  • AUGUSTINE, S. (2008). The City of God (Books VIII-XVI). Washington: The Catholic University of America Press.
  • AUGUSTINE, S. (2008). The City of God (Books XVII-XXII). Washington: The Catholic University of America Press.
  • BANCROFT, H. H. (1876). The Native Races of the Pacific States of North America (Cilt 5). New York.
  • BENDYSHE, T. (1865). The History of Anthropology. Memoirs Read before the Anthropological Society of London (Cilt 1, s. 335-360). içinde London: Anthropological Society of London.
  • BIONDI, G., & Rickards, O. (2003). Polygenism. Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity and Culture (s. 221). içinde London: SAGE Publications.
  • BLÁHA, J. (2010). Lessons from the Kabbalah and Jewish History. Brno: Marek Konecný.
  • BROADHURST, J. R. (2012). What Is the Literal Sense? Considering the Hermeneutic of John Lightfoot. Eugene: Pickwick Publications.
  • BUCK, C. (1807). A Theological Dictionary: Containing Definitions of All Religious Terms (Cilt 1). Philadelphia.
  • CRANFIELD, C. E. (2004). A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (Cilt 1). London: T&T Clark.
  • DE QUATREFAGES, A. (1861). Unité de l'espèce humaine. Paris.
  • Dogmatic Canons and Decrees. (1912). New York: The Devin-Adair Company.
  • EMPEROR JULIAN. (1913). Works (Cilt 2). London: William Heinemann.
  • FITZMYER, J. A. (1990). The Letter to the Romans. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary (s. 830-868). içinde Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
  • FRAMPTON, T. L. (2006). Spinoza and the Rise of Historical Criticism of the Bible. London: T&T Clark.
  • FREED, E. D. (2005). The Apostle Paul and His Letters. London: Equinox.
  • GARCIA, G. (1607). Origen de los indios de el Nuevo Mundo e Indias Occidentales. Valencia.
  • GARCIA, G. (1729). Origen de los Indios de el Nuevo Mundo e Indias Occidentales (2 b.). Madrid.
  • HAACKER, K. (2003). The Theology of Paul's Letter to the Romans . New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • HALEVI, J. (1964). The Kuzari (Kitab Al Khazari). New York: Schocken Books.
  • HÄMEEN-ANTTILA, J. (2006). The Last Pagans of Iraq: Ibn Wahshiyya And His Nabatean Agriculture. Leiden: Brill.
  • HUXLEY, G. L. (1980). Aristotle, Las Casas and the American Indians. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies,History, Linguistics, Literature, 80c, 57-68.
  • ISIDORE OF SEVİLLE. (2006). Etymologies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • KOCHER, P. H. (1946). Christopher Marlowe: A Study of his Thought, Learning, and Character. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1643). Du Rappel des Juifs.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1647). Relation du Groenland. Paris.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1655). A Theological Systeme. London.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1656). Men before Adam. London.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1658). Lettre de La Peyrère à Philotime. Rome.
  • LA PEYRÈRE, I. (1663). Apologie. Paris.
  • LE CLERC, J. (1686). Défense des sentimens de quelques Théologiens de Hollande sur l'Histoire critique du Vieux Testament. Contre la réponse du Prieur de Bolleville. Amsterdam.
  • LIVINGSTONE (ed.), F. A. (1997). Augustine, St, of Hippo (354-430). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3 b., s. 128-130). içinde Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • LIVINGSTONE, D. N. (2008). Adam's Ancestors: Race, Religion, and the Politics of Human Origins. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • LIVINGSTONE, D. N. (2010). Cultural Politics and the Racial Cartographics of Human Origins. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35, 204-221.
  • LOUISON-LASSABLIÈRE, M.-J. (2000). Le recours à l'écriture: Polémique et conciliation du XVe siècle au XVIIe siècle. Saint-Etienne: Publications da l'Université de Saint-Etienne.
  • MAIMONIDES, M. (2002). The Guide for the Perplexed. (M. Friedländer, Çev.) Skokie: Varda Books.
  • MCCALLA, A. (2006). The Creationist Debate: The Encounter between the Bible and the Historical Mind. London: Continuum.
  • NELLEN, H. J. (2008). Growing Tension between Church Doctrines and Critical Exegesis of the Old Testament. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation Vol. II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment (s. 802-826). içinde Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • NEUSNER, J. (2001). A Theological Commentary to the Midrash: Genesis Rabbah. Lanham: University Press of America.
  • PASCAL, B. (1918). Pensées (Cilt 2). Paris: Librairie Delagrave.
  • PASCAL, B. (1918). Pensées (Cilt 1). Paris: Librairie Delagrave.
  • PERCY, M. (2006). Clergy: The Origin of Species. London: Continuum.
  • POPKIN, R. (1979). The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza. Berkeley: The University of California Press.
  • POPKIN, R. (1987). Isaac La Peyrère (1596-1676): His Life, Work, and Influence. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  • POPKIN, R. (2001). Millenarianism and Nationalism — A Case Study: Isaac La Peyrère. R. H. John Christian Laursen (Dü.) içinde, Millenarianism and Messianism in Early Modern European Culture Volume IV: Continental Millenarians: Protestants, Catholics, Heretics (s. 77-84). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
  • POPKIN, R. (2006). La Peyrère, Isaac. Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Cilt 5, s. 196-197). içinde Farmington Hills: Thomson Gale.
  • RAPPOPORT, A. S. (1995). Ancient Israel: Myths and Legends (Cilt 1). London: Senate.
  • ROBERTS, A., & Donaldson, J. (Dü). (1867). Ante-Nicene Christian Library Vol. III: Tatian, Theophilis, and the Clementine Recognitions. Edinburg.
  • ROBINSON, I. (1978). Isaac de la Peyrère and the Recall of the Jews. Jewish Social Studies, 40(2), 117-130.
  • SİMON, R. (1730). Lettres choisies (Cilt 2). Amsterdam: Pierre Mortier.
  • SLOTKIN, J. S. (1965). Readings in Early Anthropology. New York: Routledge.
  • STRAUSS, L. (1982). Spinoza's Critique of Religion. New York: Schocken Books.
  • TEITLER, H. C. (2017). The Last Pagan Emperor: Julian the Apostate and the War against Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • THEIN, J. (1892). Christian Anthropology (2 b.). New York: Benziger Brothers.
  • WEINTRAUB, D. A. (2011). How Old is the Universe? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • WETSEL, D. (1994). Pascal and Disbelief: Catechesis and Conversion in the Penseées. Washington: Catholic University of America Press.
  • WHITE, A. D. (1896). A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (Cilt 2). New York: D. Appleton.
  • WHITE, A. D. (1898). A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (Cilt 1). London: Macmillan.
  • WILLIAMS, J. (1997). Isidore, Orosius and the Beatus Map. Imago Mundi, 49, 7-32.
  • WOODWARD, D. (1987). Medieval Mappaemundi. J. B. Harley, & D. Woodward (Dü) içinde, The History of Cartography, Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean (s. 286-370). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Makaleler / Articles
Authors

Ramazan Adıbelli 0000-0002-7398-0017

Project Number 8170
Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date June 27, 2019
Acceptance Date November 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Adıbelli, R. (2019). Âdem’den Önce Adamlar Var Mıydı? Kitab-ı Mukaddes Eleştirisi Bağlamında Isaac La Peyrère’in Ön-Âdemiler Hipotezi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 33(47), 35-65.

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