Gıdalara Yeni Bir Terapötik Yaklaşım: microRNA

Abstract

Sekanslama teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle birlikte hücreler arası iletişimde rol oynadığı belirlenen 19-24 bazlık uzunluğa sahip mikroRNA (miRNA)’lar keşfedilmiştir. Bu miRNA’ların insanda hücrenin gelişimi ve farklılaşmasının yanı sıra metabolizmada da önemli görevleri bulunmaktadır. Mikroveziküller içerisinde taşınan miRNA’lar bu sayede aşırı pH ve sıcaklık gibi koşullara bağlı olarak parçalanmaktan korunur.  Yapılan güncel çalışmalarda miRNA ekspresyonu ile gıdaların metabolizmada hücresel düzeyde faaliyetleri düzenlediği belirlenmiştir. İlk defa diyetlerine pirinç konularak beslenen farelerde yapılan bir çalışmayla pirinçe ait miR-168a’nın farelerin sindirim sistemi tarafından absorbe edildiği belirlenmiş ve bu miRNA’nın kolesterol transportunda rol oynayan LDLRAP1 mRNA ekspresyonunu engellediği tespit edilmiştir. miRNA’ların sindirim sistemi tarafından absorbe edildiğinin ortaya konduğu çalışmalarda, özellikle hayvansal kaynaklı miRNA’ların serum ve plazmaya geçtiği ileri sürülmüştür. Sahip olduğu bu potansiyel ile miRNA’lar, diyet aracılığıyla ortaya çıkan sağlık problemlerin engellenmesinde biyolojik marker olarak kullanılabilecektir.  Gıdaların sadece içermiş oldukları yağ, şeker, protein, vitamin gibi bileşenlerinin değil aynı zamanda sahip oldukları miRNA’ların metabolizmayı doğrudan veya dolaylı yollarla etkilediği bilinmektedir. Gıda kaynaklı miRNA’ların önem kazanmasıyla birlikte güncel bir besinsel miRNA veri tabanı oluşturulmuş ve burada elma, atlantik salmon, muz, tavuk, tavuk yumurtası, mısır, sığır yağı ve sütü, anne sütü, üzüm, portakal, domuz, pirinç, domates, soya fasulyesi ve buğday gibi gıdalarla ilgili miRNA profilleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada miRNA biyosentezi, eylem mekanizması ve gıdalardaki varlığı ile metabolizma üzerine olan etkileri tartışılmıştır. 

Keywords

• microRNA,Gıda,Hastalık,Tedavi

A New Therapeutic Approach to Foods: microRNA

Abstract

With the development of sequencing technology, microRNAs (miRNA) have between 19-24 bases in length which play a role in cell communication was discovered. These miRNAs have important tasks in the development and differentiation of cells, as well as in metabolism. The miRNAs carried in the microvesicle are prevented from degradation depending on the conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In the current studies, it has been determined that the foods have regulate the activities at cellular level in metabolism by miRNA expression. ’This was first demonstrated by detecting rice miR-168a which absorbed by  digestive system. On the other hand, these miRNAs were found to inhibit the mRNA expression of LDL RAP1 involved in cholesterol transport. In studies where miRNAs have been absorbed by the digestive system, it has been suggested that miRNAs, in particular animal origin, pass into serum and plasma. With the miRNAs have this potential, it can be used as biological markers for the prevention of the health problems associated with diet. It’s known that foods contain the components such as fat, sugar, protein, vitamin affect to metabolism not only, but also miRNAs affect it directly or indirectly.  A recent dietary miRNA database was created with the increasing importance of foodborne miRNAs and there are miRNA profiles associated with foods such as apples, Atlantic salmon, bananas, chicken meat and egg, corn, beef fat and milk, breast milk, grapes, oranges, pork, rice, tomato, soybeans and wheat in this database. In this study, biosynthesis, the mechanism of action and presence in food and effects on metabolism of miRNAs were discussed.   

Keywords

• microRNA,Food,Disease,Treatment

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