Spitzer/IRAC Tarafından Seçilen AGN'lerin X-ışın Özellikleri

Year 2021, , 517 - 523, 31.08.2021

Tuba İkiz

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.945118

Abstract

Spitzer/IRAC renk seçimi, galaksilerdeki sıcak madde biriktiren çekirdekleri, bir başka ifadeyle AGN'i tanımlamak için güçlü bir araçtır. Bu çalışmada İkiz et al., (2020) tarafından 2500’den fazla galaksiden oluşan Galaksilerdeki Yıldız Yapılarının Spitzer Araştırması (S4G) örneklemesine ek olarak onun uzantısı 400 galaksiden oluşan örneklemeden orta-kırmızı öte renk seçim yöntemi ile seçilmiş 36 AGN kullanılmıştır. Kırmızı ötesi renk seçimi yöntemi, XMM-Newton ve Chandra verileri ile galaksilerin X-ışını özellikleri incelenerek test edilmiştir. X-ışını verilerini kullanarak, sıcak orta kırmızı ötesi çekirdek sergileyen galaksilerin (aday) aktif galaksiler olarak öne çıktığı gösterilmiştir. Orta-kırmızı ötesi seçilmiş AGN'lerin %64'ü XMM-Newton ve Chandra verilerinde X-ışını enerjilerinde tespit edilmiştir. X-ışını tespitleri olmayan AGN renklerine sahip IRAC kaynakların büyük çoğunluğunun yüksek ışıtmalı örtülmüş AGN’ler olduğu varsayılmıştır.

Keywords

galaksiler: aktif, galaksiler: çekirdekler, kırmızı öte: galaksiler, X-ışınları: galaksiler

X-ray Properties of Spitzer/IRAC Selected AGNs

Abstract

Spitzer/IRAC color selection is a powerful tool to identify hot accreting nuclei, that is to say AGN, in galaxies. In this study, mid-infrared detected candidate 36 AGNs are used that are selected from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S4G) sample consisting of more than 2500 galaxies together with its extension sample of more than 400 galaxies by İkiz et al., (2020). Mid-infrared color selection method is tested by examining the X-ray properties of the galaxies via the XMM-Newton and Chandra. Using the X-ray data, we demonstrate that galaxies displaying hot mid-infrared nuclei stand out as (candidate) active galaxies. 64% of mid-infrared-selected AGN are detected at X-ray energies in XMM-Newton and Chandra data. It has been hypothesized that IRAC sources with AGN colors that lack X-ray detections are predominantly high-luminosity AGN that are obscure.

Keywords

galaxies: active, galaxies: nuclei, infrared: galaxies, X-rays: galaxies

References

• Alonso-Herrero, A. et al. 2006. Infrared Power-Law Galaxies in The Chandra Deep Field–South: Active Galactic Nuclei and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, 640:167–184.
• Della Ceca R., et al., 2008. The Cosmological Properties of AGN in The XMM-Newton Hard Bright Survey, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 487, 119–130.
• Donley, J. L., Koekemoer, A. M., Brusa, M., et al. 2012. Identifying Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei in Deep Surveys: Revised IRAC Selection Criteria, The Astrophysical Journal, 748:142.
• Eckart, A., M. Zajacek, M. Parsa, et al. 2018. The Multifrequency Behavior of Sagittarius A*, Proceedings of Science, ArXiv:1806.00284.
• Elvis M. et al., 1994. Atlas of Quasar Energy Distributions, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 95:1-68.
• Evans I. N., et al., 2010. The Chandra Source Catalog, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 189:37–82.
• Fazio, G. G., Hora, J. L., Allen, L. E., et al. 2004. The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) For The Spitzer Space Telescope, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 154:10–17.
• Ferrarese, L. & Merritt, D. 2000. A Fundamental Relation Between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, 539: L9–L12.
• Heckman, T. M. 2008. The Escape Fraction of Ionizing Photons from High Redshift Galaxies from Data-constrained Reionization Models, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, ArXiv:1207.3803v2.
• Hopkins, P. F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T. J., and Kereš, D. 2008. A Cosmological Framework for The Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, And Elliptical Galaxies. I. Galaxy Mergers and Quasar Activity, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 175:356-389.
• İkiz, T., Peletier, R.F., Barthel, P., et al. 2020. Infrared-detected AGNs in The Local Universe, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 640, A68.
• Ivison, R. J., et al. 2004. Spitzer Observations of Mambo Galaxies: Weeding Out Active Nuclei in Starbursting Protoellipticals, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 154:124–12.
• Kauffmann G. Haehnelt M., 2000. A Unified Model for The Evolution of Galaxies and Quasars Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 311, 576-588.
• Kormendy, J. & Ho, L. C. 2013. Coevolution (Or Not) Of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies: Supplemental Material, ArXiv:1308.6483.
• Lacy, M., Petric, A. O., Sajina, A., et al. 2007. Optical Spectroscopy and X-Ray Detections of a Sample of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei Selected in The Mid-Infrared from Two Spitzer Space Telescope Wide-Area Surveys, The Astronomical Journal, 133:186-205.
• Lacy, M., Ridgway, S. E., Sajina, A., et al. 2015. The Spitzer Mid-Infrared AGN Survey. Ii. The Demographics and Cosmic Evolution of The AGN Population, The Astrophysical Journal, 802:102.
• Lacy, M., Storrie-Lombardi, L. J., Sajina, A., et al. 2004. Obscured and Unobscured Active Galactic Nuclei in The Spitzer Space Telescope First Look Survey, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 154:166–169.
• Magorrian, J., Tremaine, S., Richstone, D., et al. 1998. The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centers, The Astronomical Journal, 115:2285-2305.
• Martínez-Sansigre, A., Rawlings, S., Lacy, M., et al. 2005. The Obscuration by Dust of Most of the Growth of Supermassive Black Holes, Nature, 436: 666–669.
• Mushotzky, R. 2004, in Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Vol. 308, Supermassive Black Holes in The Distant Universe, ed. A. J. Barger, 53.
• Mushotzky, R. F., Done, C., & Pounds, K. 1993. X-ray Spectra and Time Variability of Active Galactic Nuclei, The Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 31:717-717.
• Neugebauer G., Oke J. B., Becklin E. E., Mathews K., 1979. Absolute Spectral Energy Distribution of Quasi-stellar Objects Ffom 0.3 To 10 Microns, The Astrophysical Journal, 230: 79-94.
• Polletta, M.D.C., et al. 2006. Chandra and Spitzer Unveil Heavily Obscured Quasars in The Chandra/SWIRE Survey, The Astrophysical Journal, 642:673–693.
• Rieke, G. H., & Lebofsky, M. J. 1981. Spectral Components of NGC 4151, The Astrophysical Journal, 250:87-97. Rosen, S. R., Webb, N. A., Watson, M. G., et al. 2016. The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey: VII. The Third XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 590, A1.
• Sheth, K., Regan, M., Hinz, J. L., et al. 2010. The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G), Publications of The Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 122:1397–1414.
• Silk J., Rees M. J., 1998. Quasars and Galaxy formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 331, L1-L4. Steffen A. T., Barger A. J., Cowie L. L., Mushotzky R. F., Yang Y., 2003a. The Changing Active Galactic Nucleus Population, The Astrophysical Journal, 596: L23–L26.
• Stern, D., Assef, R. J., Benford, D. J., et al. 2012. Mid-Infrared Selection of Active Galactic Nuclei with The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. I. Characterizing Wise-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei in Cosmos, The Astrophysical Journal, 753:30.
• Stern, D., Eisenhardt, P., Gorjian, V., et al. 2005. Mid-Infrared Selection of Active Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, 631:163–168.
• Tremaine, S., Gebhardt, K., Bender, R., et al. 2002. The Slope of the Black Hole Mass Versus Velocity Dispersion Correlation, The Astrophysical Journal, 574:740–753.
• 3XMM-DR5 Catalogue. http://xmmssc.irap.omp.eu/Catalogue/3XMM-DR5/3XMM_DR5.html
• The Chandra Source Catalogue Release 1.1. https://cxc.cfa.harvard.edu/csc1/