The Study of Pycnogenol Protective Effect on Glutamate Induced Neurotoxicity: In Vitro Evaluation

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 864 - 873, 31.08.2021

Betül Çiçek Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.877837

Abstract

Excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is thought to be a major contributor to the pathophysiology of numerous neurodegenerative including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, it is important to investigate for compounds that protecting neuronal cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Pycnogenol®, a standardized French maritime pine bark extract, has strong antioxidant activity which primarily comprises phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Therefore, in the present study, inducing glutamate toxicity in primary cultured cortical neurons, we studied the neuroprotective effects of bioflavonoid compound Pycnogenol an extract of Pinus maritime bark. The cortical neuron cells were exposed to 10-5 mM glutamate for 30 min to induce excitotoxicity. Then, different concentrations (10-1 - 10-5) of PYC were added to the cells for 24 hours. The cell viability was determined using MTT assay. To investigate oxidative damage, the total antioxidant status (TAS)- total antioxidant status (TOS) analysis were used. According to MTT analysis results, it was found that 10-1 and 10-2 pycnogenol groups significantly attenuated the glutamate excitotoxicity induced cell damage. Furthermore, TAS-TOS analysis showed a correlation with MTT result. According to the results of this study, pycnogenol has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent against glutamate excitotoxicity.

Keywords

Glutamate excitotoxicity, cortical neurons, oxidative stress, pycnogenol

Glutamat Kaynaklı Nörotoksisite Üzerinde Pycnogenol'un Koruyucu Etkisinin Araştırılması: İn Vitro Analizi

Abstract

Eksitatör bir nörotransmitter olan glutamatın aşırı salınımı epilepsi ve Alzheimer gibi birçok nörodejeneratif hastalığın patogenezinde yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle nöronal hücreleri glutamata bağlı toksisiteye karşı koruyan bileşiklerin araştırılması oldukça önemlidir. Pinus maritima'dan elde edilen piknogenol® içerdiği fenolik bileşikler ve flavonoidlerden dolayı güçlü antioksidan özelliğe sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Pinus maritime'den elde edilen bioflavonoid yapısında olan pignogenolün nöroprotektif etkilerini glutamat toksisitesi oluşturulan kortikal nöron kültüründe araştırmayı amaçladık. Kortikal nöron hücreleri 30 dakika süre ile 10-5 mM glutamata maruz bırakılarak glutamat eksitotoksisitesi indüklendi. Sonrasında faklı konsantrasyonlarda (10-1 - 10-5) PYC ile 24 saat boyunca inkübe edilmiştir. Hücre canlılık testi MTT yöntemi ile belirlendi. Oksidatif hasarı göstermek için total antioksidan seviyesi (TAS)- - total oksidan seviyesi (TOS) analizleri kullanılmıştır. MTT sonuçlarına göre 10-1 ve 10-2 piknogenol konsantrasyonlarının glutamat eksitotoksisitesine bağlı hücre ölümünü azalttığı görüldü. Aynı zamanda TAS-TOS sonuçları MTT sonuçları ile korelasyon saptandı. Bu çalışma sonuçlarına göre piknogenolün glutamat eksitotoksisitesine karşı teropatik ajan olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmüştür.

Keywords

piknogenol, Glutamat Kaynaklı Nörotoksisite, oksidatif stres, kortikal nöron

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