Effects of Boriding, Nitrocarburizing, Nitriding and Post-oxidation Treatments on The Tribological Properties of DIN 32CrMoV12-10 Steel

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 936 - 949, 18.12.2021

Hasan Çep Halim Kovacı Hüseyin Çimenoğlu Ayhan Çelik

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.959667

Abstract

In this study, the effect of different surface treatments was investigated to improve the friction and wear properties of DIN 32CrMoV12-10 steel. For this purpose, chrome plating, boriding, nitrocarburizing+oxidation, nitriding+oxidation processes were applied to the samples prepared from DIN 32CrMoV12-10 steel. After the procedures, the structural, morphological and mechanical properties of the samples were determined by XRD, SEM, hardness measurement device and profilometer. In order to determine the tribological properties of the samples, pin-on-flat wear tests were carried out. It was observed that a chromium layer was formed on the surface of the material after chrome plating. In boronized samples, it was observed that a boron layer was formed on the surface of the material and a diffusion layer was formed below it. The formed layers contain Fe2B and FeB phases. In nitrocarburized+oxidized and nitrided+oxidized samples, it was observed that the oxide layer on the material surface, a white layer just below it and a diffusion zone extending to the inner parts of the material were formed. The oxide layer formed on the surface consists of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 phases, while the white layer and diffusion layers consist of ε-Fe2-3N and γ'-Fe4N phases. Due to the increased plastic deformation resistance with oxide layers, hard nitride phases and diffusion layers, the highest wear resistance was obtained from nitrocarburized+oxidized and nitrided+oxidized samples.

Keywords

Chrome plating, boronizing, nitrocarburizing, nitriding, oxidation, duplex treatment

Thanks

We would like to thank Atatürk University Eastern Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM) and Erzurum Technical University High Technology Application and Research Center (ETU-YÜTAM) for their assistance during the use of the analysis and measurement systems used in this study.

References

• Balusamy, T., Sankara Narayanan, T. S. N., Ravichandran, K., Song Park, I., & Lee, M. H. (2013). Pack boronizing of AISI H11 tool steel: Role of surface mechanical attrition treatment. Vacuum, 97, 36–43. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2013.04.006
• Borgioli, F., Galvanetto, E., Fossati, A., & Bacci, T. (2003). Glow-discharge nitriding and post-oxidising treatments of AISI H11 steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 162(1), 61–66. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00574-1
• Burlacov, I., Hamann, S., Spies, H. J., Dalke, A., Röpcke, J., & Biermann, H. (2017). A Novel approach of plasma nitrocarburizing using a solid carbon active screen - A proof of concept. HTM - Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials, 72(5), 254–259. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3139/105.110334
• Chiu, L. H., Wu, C. H., & Chang, H. (2002). Wear behavior of nitrocarburized JIS SKD61 tool steel. Wear, 253(7–8), 778–786. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00115-1
• Erdogan, A. (2019). Boriding Temperature Effect on Micro-Abrasion Wear Resistance of Borided Tool Steel. Journal of Tribology, 141(12). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4044859
• Fazlalipour, F., Shakib, N., Shokuhfar, A., & Niki Nushari, M. (2012). Effect of nitro-carburizing treatment on wear mechanism and friction of steel/WC-Co sliding couple. Journal of Tribology, 134(1). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4005521
• Forati Rad, H., Amadeh, A., & Moradi, H. (2011). Wear assessment of plasma nitrided AISI H11 steel. Materials and Design, 32(5), 2635–2643. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.01.027
• Genel, K. (2006). Boriding kinetics of H13 steel. Vacuum, 80(5), 451–457. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2005.07.013
• Gök, M. S., Küçük, Y., Erdoğan, A., Öge, M., Kanca, E., & Günen, A. (2017). Dry sliding wear behavior of borided hot-work tool steel at elevated temperatures. Surface and Coatings Technology, 328, 54–62. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.008
• Günen, A. (2020). Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Borided AISI H11 Tool Steel. Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 142(1). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4044667
• Ibrahim, A., & Berndt, C. C. (2007). Fatigue and deformation of HVOF sprayed WC-Co coatings and hard chrome plating. Materials Science and Engineering A, 456(1–2), 114–119. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.030
• Jurči, P, Hudáková, M., & Kusý, M. (2012). Nature of phases in boronized H11 hot work tool steel. Kovove Materialy, 50(3), 177–184. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.4149/km-2012-3-177
• Jurči, Peter, & Hudáková, M. (2009). Diffusion boronizing of hot work tool steel. In METAL 2009 - 18th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Conference Proceedings (pp. 213–219). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11665-010-9750-x
• Jurči, Peter, & Hudáková, M. (2011). Diffusion boronizing of H11 Hot work tool steel. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 20(7), 1180–1187. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9750-x
• Jurči, Peter, & Hudáková, M. (2020). Characterization of microstructure and fracture performance of boronized H11 grade hot-work tool steel. Materials Performance and Characterization, 9(3). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1520/MPC20190086
• Karakan, M., Alsaran, A., & Çelik, A. (2004). Effect of process time on structural and tribological properties of ferritic plasma nitrocarburized AISI 4140 steel. Materials and Design, 25(4), 349–353. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2003.10.017
• Karamş, M. B., Yildizli, K., & Çarkt Aydin, G. (2012). Sliding/rolling wear performance of plasma nitrided H11 hot working steel. Tribology International, 51, 18–24. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2012.02.005
• Kir, H., & Apay, S. (2019). Effect of hard chrome plating parameters on the wear resistance of low carbon steel. Materialpruefung/Materials Testing, 61(11), 1082–1086. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3139/120.111423
• Mishigdorzhiyn, U., Chen, Y., Ulakhanov, N., & Liang, H. (2020). Microstructure and wear behavior of tungsten hot-work steel after boriding and boroaluminizing. Lubricants, 8(3). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8030026
• Pokorny, Z., Dobrocky, D., & Joska, Z. (2020). The modification of surface of barrels by gas nitriding. Manufacturing Technology, 20(6), 802–808. Retrieved 26 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.21062/mft.2020.118
• Pokorný, Z., Kadlec, J., Hrubý, V., Joska, Z., Tran, D. Q., & Beran, D. (2011). Plasma nitriding of bored barrels. Advances in Military Technology, 6(1), 69–76. Retrieved 26 June 2021 from http://aimt.unob.cz/articles/11_01/11_01 (7).pdf
• Qamar, S. Z. (2015). 5Heat treatment and mechanical testing of AISI H11 steel. In Key Engineering Materials (Vol. 656–657, pp. 434–439). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.656-657.434
• Remešová, M., Tkachenko, S., Kvarda, D., Ročňáková, I., Gollas, B., Menelaou, M., … Kaiser, J. (2020). Effects of anodizing conditions and the addition of Al2O3/PTFE particles on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of porous anodic coatings on the AA1050 aluminium alloy. Applied Surface Science, 513. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.145780
• Salgueiredo, E., Almeida, F. A., Amaral, M., Neto, M. A., Oliveira, F. J., & Silva, R. F. (2013). A multilayer approach for enhancing the erosive wear resistance of CVD diamond coatings. Wear, 297(1–2), 1064–1073. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.051
• Temmler, A., Liu, D., Preußner, J., Oeser, S., Luo, J., Poprawe, R., & Schleifenbaum, J. H. (2020). Influence of laser polishing on surface roughness and microstructural properties of the remelted surface boundary layer of tool steel H11. Materials and Design, 192. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108689
• Terres, M. A., Mohamed, S. Ben, & Sidhom, H. (2010). Influence of ion nitriding on fatigue strength of low-alloy (42CrMo4) steel: Experimental characterization and predictive approach. International Journal of Fatigue, 32(11), 1795–1804. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.04.004
• Tillmann, W., Lopes Dias, N. F., & Stangier, D. (2019). Influence of plasma nitriding pretreatments on the tribo-mechanical properties of DLC coatings sputtered on AISI H11. Surface and Coatings Technology, 357, 1027–1036. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.002
• Xiang, S., Jonsson, S., Hedström, P., Zhu, B., & Odqvist, J. (2021). Influence of ferritic nitrocarburizing on the high-temperature corrosion-fatigue properties of the Si-Mo-Al cast iron SiMo1000. International Journal of Fatigue, 143. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105984
• Yan, H., Zhao, L., Chen, Z., Hu, X., & Yan, Z. (2020). Investigation of the surface properties and wear properties of AISI H11 steel treated by auxiliary heating plasma nitriding. Coatings, 10(6). Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.3390/COATINGS10060528
• Yazdani, A., Soltanieh, M., Aghajani, H., & Rastegari, S. (2010). Deposition of nano sized titanium nitride on H11 tool steel using active screen plasma nitriding method. Journal of Nano Research, 11, 79–84. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.11.79
• Yilbas, B. S., & Nizam, S. M. (2000). Wear behavior of TiN coated AISI H11 and AISI M7 twist drills prior to plasma nitriding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 105(3), 352–358. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00554-9
• Zhang, C. S., Yan, M. F., Sun, Z., Wang, Y. X., You, Y., Bai, B., … Li, R. W. (2014). Optimizing the mechanical properties of M50NiL steel by plasma nitrocarburizing. Applied Surface Science, 315(1), 28–35. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.093
• Zlatanović, M., Popović, N., Bogdanov, Ž., & Zlatanović, S. (2004). Plasma post oxidation of nitrocarburized hot work steel samples. Surface and Coatings Technology, 177–178, 277–283. Retrieved 18 June 2021 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.09.012