Enhancing the Dissolution Performance of PVP-Based Boluses by Graphene Oxide Incorporation for Veterinary Applications

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 346 - 360, 31.08.2025

Gürbüz Çomak

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1654259

Abstract

Drug delivery systems for the food-processing animals in the veterinary field is particularly limited to the disease prevention and growth promotion. Therefore, optimizing dissolution performance of a targeted formulation may be achieved using a performance enhancer together with a commercial binder. In this study, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) was modified with graphene oxide (GO) to form a more stable binder matrix. The dissolution profiles of the formulations with and without the addition of GO into the bolus matrix were examined using two different methods: the continuous dissolution rig based on an artificial saliva and an in vitro dissolution test by the means of Daisy-II incubator. The kinetic models of First Order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Korsemeyer-Peppas were compared for a best fit of the experimental results obtained using the continuous dissolution rig and Daisy II. The results showed that PVP-containing tablets dissolved more rapidly, whereas PVP-GO combination provided a more controlled and prolonged release profile. Daisy II results in higher rate of dissolution for both formulations compared to the ones in the continuous dissolution rig.

Keywords

Sustained-release , Release kinetics , Ruminants , Graphene Oxide , Artificial saliva

Veterinerlik Uygulamalarında PVP Bazlı Bolusların Grafen Oksit Eklenerek Salım Performansının Artırılması

Abstract

Veterinerlik alanında gıda kaynağı olarak yetiştirilen hayvanlar için ilaç salım sistemleri özellikle hastalık önleme ve büyümeyi teşvik etme ile sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle, hedeflenen bir formülasyonun salım performansının optimize edilmesi, ticari bir bağlayıcı ile birlikte bir performans arttırıcı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilebilir. Bu çalışmada, poli(vinil pirolidon) (PVP), daha kararlı bir bağlayıcı yapısı oluşturmak için formülasyon grafen oksit (GO) ile modifiye edilmiştir. Bolus yapısına GO eklenmiş ve eklenmemiş formülasyonların salım profilleri iki farklı yöntem kullanılarak incelenmiştir: yapay tükürük bazlı sürekli salım sistemi ve Daisy-II inkübatörü aracılığıyla bir in vitro çözünme testidir. Sürekli salım sistemi ve Daisy II kullanılarak elde edilen deneysel sonuçların en iyi uyumu için Birinci Derece, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell ve Korsemeyer-Peppas'ın kinetik modelleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, PVP içeren tabletlerin daha hızlı çözündüğünü, PVP-GO kombinasyonunun ise daha kontrollü ve uzun süreli bir salım profili sağladığını göstermiştir. Daisy II, sürekli salım sisteminde gerçekleştirilen formülasyonlara kıyasla, her iki formülasyon için de daha yüksek salım oranına neden olmuştur.

Keywords

Kontrollü salım , Salım kinetiği , Ruminantlar , Grafen oksit , Yapay tükürük

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