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Calculation of different intensity ratios of samples with atomic numbers between 9≤Z≤83 using the dilution technique

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 763 - 780

Abstract

In this study, the variation of different intensity ratios with the mean atomic number was investigated in the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence system for qualitative analysis. Fourteen different samples were used in the study. The average atomic numbers of the samples obtained by diluting with cellulose are between 9.74 and 83.00. The samples were excited by photons with 59.54 kiloelectron volt energy from the Americium-241 source and an HpGe detector with 182 electron volt resolution at 5.9 kiloelectron volt was used. The obtained results show that different scattering intensity ratios can be used with high reliability for complex materials in qualitative analysis.

References

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  • [2]Greil, J. D;Joly, B; Chanal, M; Cluzel, R. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of skin flora on hands after" hygienic type handwashing with a liquid soap and with a detergent bactericidal solution. Pathologie Biologie 1984, 32(5).
  • [3]Svoboda, K. P; Hay, R. K; Waterman, P. G. Growing summer savory (Satureja hortensis) in Scotland: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the volatile oil and factors influencing oil production. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1990, 53(2), 193-202.
  • [4]Ekinci, N; Astam, N; Sahin, Y. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cataract using EDXRF. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2002, 72(6), 783-787.
  • [5]Jelesijevic, T; Jovanović, M; Knežević, M; Aleksić-Kovačević, S. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Ag-NOR in benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumors, Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2003, 53(5-6), 353-360.
  • [6]Ekinci, N; Gürol, A; Polat, R; Budak, G; Karabulut, A. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of Sarıkamış ore by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2003, 258 (1), 163-165.
  • [7] Linati, L; Lusvardi, G; Malavasi, G; Menabue, L; Menziani, M. C; Mustarelli, P; Segre, U. Qualitative and Quantitative Structure− Property Relationships Analysis of Multicomponent Potential Bioglasses. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2005, 109(11), 4989-4998.
  • [8]Huerta, V. D; Sánchez, M. L. F; Sanz-Medel, A. Qualitative and quantitative speciation analysis of water soluble selenium in three edible wild mushrooms species by liquid chromatography using post-column isotope dilution ICP–MS. Analytica Chimica Acta 2005, 538(1-2), 99-105.
  • [9]Gunasekaran, S; Devi, T. R; Sakthivel, P. S. Qualitative and quantitative analysis on fibrates-A spectroscopic study. Asian Journal of Chemistry 2008, 20(6), 4249.
  • [10]Oilo, M; Tvinnereim, H. M; Gjerdet, N. R. Qualitative and quantitative fracture analyses of high‐strength ceramics. European Journal of Oral Sciences 2009,117(2), 187-193.
  • [11] Ge, J; Liu, Z; Zhi, Z; Zhao, X. S. Qualitative and quantitative thrombin analysis in serum using aptamers and gold nanoparticles through progressive dilution. Analytical Biochemistry 2011, 413(1), 75-77.
  • [12] Qin, Y; Liu, J; Wang, G; Zhang, Y. Evaluation of indoor air quality based on qualitative, quantitative and olfactory analysis. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013,58(9), 986-991.
  • [13]Vesnin, V. L. Qualitative Analysis of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Absorption Spectra of Their Vapors. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 2016, 83(5), 840-844.
  • [14]Brenz, F; Linke, S; Simat, T. (2017). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of monomers in polyesters for food contact materials. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2017 34(2), 307-319.
  • [15]Tzima, K; Brunton, N. P; Rai, D. K. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols in Lamiaceae plants-A review. Plants 2018, 7(2), 25.
  • [16]Tang, Y;Si, G; Sun, W; Li, B; Li, D; Hu, X. Analysis of temperature adaptability of qualitative analysis model for liquid multicomponent mixtures. Optik 2019,198, 163221.
  • [17]Obata, Y; Bale, H. A; Barnard, H. S; Parkinson, D. Y; Alliston, T; Acevedo, C. Quantitative and qualitative bone imaging: A review of synchrotron radiation microtomography analysis in bone research. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2010, 110, 103887.
  • [18]Faniran, T. S; Nkamba, L. N; Manga, T. T. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of COVID-19 Dynamics Axioms 2021, 10(3), 210.
  • [19]Pedro, S. A; Rwezaura, H; Mandipezar, A; Tchuenche, J. M. Qualitative Analysis of an influenza model with biomedical interventions. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2019, 146, 110852.
  • [20] Chechko, V. E. Qualitative analysis of the clustering in water solutions of alcohols III. Ukrayins' kij Fyizichnij Zhurnal (Kyiv) 2021, 66(10), 865-872.
  • [21] Fancher, C. M. Diffraction Methods for Qualitative and Quantitative Texture Analysis of Ferroelectric Ceramics Materials 2021, 14(19), 5633.
  • [22]Koscielniak, P. Calibration methods in qualitative analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2022, 150, 116587.
  • [23]Mititelu, M; Neacșu, S. M; Oprea, ; Dumitrescu, D. E;Nedelescu, M;Drăgănescu, D; Ghica, M. Black Sea Mussels Qualitative and Quantitative Chemical Analysis: Nutritional Benefits and Possible Risks through Consumption. Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 964.
  • [24]Ott, J;Burghardt, A; Britz, D; Majauskaite, S; Mücklich, F. Qualitative and Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Copper for Sintering Process Optimization in Additive Manufacturing Application. Practical Metallography 2021, 58(1), 32-47.
  • [25] Doomen, R. A; Nedeljkovic, I; Kuitert, R. B; Kleverlaan, C. J;Aydin, B. Corrosion of orthodontic brackets: qualitative and quantitative surface analysis. The Angle Orthodontist 2022, 92(5),661-668.
  • [26]He, S. H; Jiang, H. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of some co-existing colorants in some hard candies. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2022, 109, 104475.
  • [27]Porikli, S.Chemical shift and intensity ratio values of dyspersium, holmium and erbium L X-ray emission lines . Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2012,81(2),113-117.
  • [28]Yılmaz, R. Kb/Ka X-ray intensity ratios for some elements in the atomic number range 28≤Z≤39 at 16.896 keV Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 2017, 10, 172-177.
  • [29] Sakar, E;Gurol, A; Bastug A. Experimental K X-ray intensity ratios of some heavy elements. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2017,131, 105-107.
  • [30]Yılmaz, R. Kβ/Kα X-Ray Intensity Ratios for Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co Excited by 8.735 keV Energy. Acta Physıca Polonıca A 2018, 133, 5.
  • [31]Ugurlu, M.; Alım,B; Demir,L. The relationship between the external magnetic field and K X-ray intensity ratios of immiscible MoxAg1-x alloys, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2019, 165, 108396.
  • [32] Cengiz, E; Köksal, O; Apaydın, G; Karahan, İ; Ünal, E. Determination of valence electronic structure of Ni in Ni-B alloy coatings using Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2019, 144, 24-28.
  • [33]Ugurlu, M; Demir,L. Relative K X-ray intensity ratios of the first and second transition elements in the magnetic field. Journal of Molecular Structure 2020,1203, 127458
  • [34]Ismail, A. M; Malhi, N. B. L‐shell x‐ray relative intensities of some heavy elements excited by 20.48 keV x‐rays. X‐Ray Spectrometry 2000, 29(4), 317-319
  • [35]Tırasoglu, E; Çevik, U; Ertugral, B; Apaydın, G;Ertugrul, M; Kobya, A. I. Chemical effects on Lα, Lβ, Lγ, Ll, and Lη X-ray production cross-sections and Li/Lα X-ray intensity ratios of Hg, Pb and Bi compound at 59.54 keV. The European Physical Journal D 2003,26, 231-236
  • [36] Turgut, U; Ertuğrul, M. L X-ray intensity ratios for elements in the range 74≤ Z≤ 92 at 31.635 keV”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 2004, 222(3-4), 432-436.
  • [37]Yalçın, P; Porikli S; Kurucu, Y; Şahin, Y. Measurement of relative L X-ray intensity ratio following radioactive decay and photoionization. Physics Latters B 2008, 663,3, 186-190.
  • [38] Porikli, S; Demir, D; Kurucu, Y.Variation of Kβ/ Kα X-ray intensity ratio and lineshape with the effects of external magnetic field and chemical combination. European Physical Journal D 2008, 47,3, 315-323.
  • [39] Cinan, E; Ertuğrul, M; Aygün, B; Sayyed, M. I; Kurucu, Y; Özdemir, Y. Determination of the effect of temperature on relative L X-ray intensity ratio of gadolinium, dysprosium and erbium. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2021. 183, 109389.
  • [40] Bertin, E.P. Principles and practice of X-ray spectrometric analysis, second ed. Plenum Press, New York, 1975.
  • [41]Gerward, L; Guilbert, N; Jensen, K. B; Levring, H. X-ray absorption in matter Reengineering XCOM. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2001, 60, 23–24.

Seyreltme Tekniği Kullanılarak Atom Numarası 9≤Z≤83 Arasında Olan Numunelerin Farklı Şiddet Oranlarının Hesaplanması

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 763 - 780

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kalitatif analiz için Enerji Dağılımlı X-ışını Floresan sisteminde farklı şiddet oranlarının ortalama atom numarasına göre değişimi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada 14 farklı numune kullanıldı. Selüloz ile seyreltilerek elde edilen numunelerin ortalama atom numaraları 9,74 ile 83,00 arasındadır. Numuneler, Americium-241 kaynağından gelen 59,54 kiloelektron volt enerjili fotonlarla uyarıldı ve 5,9 kiloelektron voltta 182 elektron volt çözünürlüğe sahip bir HpGe dedektörü kullanıldı. Elde edilen sonuçlar, kalitatif analizde karmaşık malzemeler için farklı saçılma şiddet oranlarının yüksek güvenilirlikle kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

References

  • [1] Hassib, Sonia T. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of uracil anticancer drugs. Talanta 1981, 28(9), 685-687.
  • [2]Greil, J. D;Joly, B; Chanal, M; Cluzel, R. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of skin flora on hands after" hygienic type handwashing with a liquid soap and with a detergent bactericidal solution. Pathologie Biologie 1984, 32(5).
  • [3]Svoboda, K. P; Hay, R. K; Waterman, P. G. Growing summer savory (Satureja hortensis) in Scotland: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the volatile oil and factors influencing oil production. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1990, 53(2), 193-202.
  • [4]Ekinci, N; Astam, N; Sahin, Y. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cataract using EDXRF. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2002, 72(6), 783-787.
  • [5]Jelesijevic, T; Jovanović, M; Knežević, M; Aleksić-Kovačević, S. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Ag-NOR in benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumors, Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2003, 53(5-6), 353-360.
  • [6]Ekinci, N; Gürol, A; Polat, R; Budak, G; Karabulut, A. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of Sarıkamış ore by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2003, 258 (1), 163-165.
  • [7] Linati, L; Lusvardi, G; Malavasi, G; Menabue, L; Menziani, M. C; Mustarelli, P; Segre, U. Qualitative and Quantitative Structure− Property Relationships Analysis of Multicomponent Potential Bioglasses. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2005, 109(11), 4989-4998.
  • [8]Huerta, V. D; Sánchez, M. L. F; Sanz-Medel, A. Qualitative and quantitative speciation analysis of water soluble selenium in three edible wild mushrooms species by liquid chromatography using post-column isotope dilution ICP–MS. Analytica Chimica Acta 2005, 538(1-2), 99-105.
  • [9]Gunasekaran, S; Devi, T. R; Sakthivel, P. S. Qualitative and quantitative analysis on fibrates-A spectroscopic study. Asian Journal of Chemistry 2008, 20(6), 4249.
  • [10]Oilo, M; Tvinnereim, H. M; Gjerdet, N. R. Qualitative and quantitative fracture analyses of high‐strength ceramics. European Journal of Oral Sciences 2009,117(2), 187-193.
  • [11] Ge, J; Liu, Z; Zhi, Z; Zhao, X. S. Qualitative and quantitative thrombin analysis in serum using aptamers and gold nanoparticles through progressive dilution. Analytical Biochemistry 2011, 413(1), 75-77.
  • [12] Qin, Y; Liu, J; Wang, G; Zhang, Y. Evaluation of indoor air quality based on qualitative, quantitative and olfactory analysis. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2013,58(9), 986-991.
  • [13]Vesnin, V. L. Qualitative Analysis of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Absorption Spectra of Their Vapors. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 2016, 83(5), 840-844.
  • [14]Brenz, F; Linke, S; Simat, T. (2017). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of monomers in polyesters for food contact materials. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 2017 34(2), 307-319.
  • [15]Tzima, K; Brunton, N. P; Rai, D. K. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols in Lamiaceae plants-A review. Plants 2018, 7(2), 25.
  • [16]Tang, Y;Si, G; Sun, W; Li, B; Li, D; Hu, X. Analysis of temperature adaptability of qualitative analysis model for liquid multicomponent mixtures. Optik 2019,198, 163221.
  • [17]Obata, Y; Bale, H. A; Barnard, H. S; Parkinson, D. Y; Alliston, T; Acevedo, C. Quantitative and qualitative bone imaging: A review of synchrotron radiation microtomography analysis in bone research. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2010, 110, 103887.
  • [18]Faniran, T. S; Nkamba, L. N; Manga, T. T. Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of COVID-19 Dynamics Axioms 2021, 10(3), 210.
  • [19]Pedro, S. A; Rwezaura, H; Mandipezar, A; Tchuenche, J. M. Qualitative Analysis of an influenza model with biomedical interventions. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 2019, 146, 110852.
  • [20] Chechko, V. E. Qualitative analysis of the clustering in water solutions of alcohols III. Ukrayins' kij Fyizichnij Zhurnal (Kyiv) 2021, 66(10), 865-872.
  • [21] Fancher, C. M. Diffraction Methods for Qualitative and Quantitative Texture Analysis of Ferroelectric Ceramics Materials 2021, 14(19), 5633.
  • [22]Koscielniak, P. Calibration methods in qualitative analysis. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2022, 150, 116587.
  • [23]Mititelu, M; Neacșu, S. M; Oprea, ; Dumitrescu, D. E;Nedelescu, M;Drăgănescu, D; Ghica, M. Black Sea Mussels Qualitative and Quantitative Chemical Analysis: Nutritional Benefits and Possible Risks through Consumption. Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 964.
  • [24]Ott, J;Burghardt, A; Britz, D; Majauskaite, S; Mücklich, F. Qualitative and Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Copper for Sintering Process Optimization in Additive Manufacturing Application. Practical Metallography 2021, 58(1), 32-47.
  • [25] Doomen, R. A; Nedeljkovic, I; Kuitert, R. B; Kleverlaan, C. J;Aydin, B. Corrosion of orthodontic brackets: qualitative and quantitative surface analysis. The Angle Orthodontist 2022, 92(5),661-668.
  • [26]He, S. H; Jiang, H. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of some co-existing colorants in some hard candies. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2022, 109, 104475.
  • [27]Porikli, S.Chemical shift and intensity ratio values of dyspersium, holmium and erbium L X-ray emission lines . Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2012,81(2),113-117.
  • [28]Yılmaz, R. Kb/Ka X-ray intensity ratios for some elements in the atomic number range 28≤Z≤39 at 16.896 keV Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 2017, 10, 172-177.
  • [29] Sakar, E;Gurol, A; Bastug A. Experimental K X-ray intensity ratios of some heavy elements. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2017,131, 105-107.
  • [30]Yılmaz, R. Kβ/Kα X-Ray Intensity Ratios for Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co Excited by 8.735 keV Energy. Acta Physıca Polonıca A 2018, 133, 5.
  • [31]Ugurlu, M.; Alım,B; Demir,L. The relationship between the external magnetic field and K X-ray intensity ratios of immiscible MoxAg1-x alloys, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2019, 165, 108396.
  • [32] Cengiz, E; Köksal, O; Apaydın, G; Karahan, İ; Ünal, E. Determination of valence electronic structure of Ni in Ni-B alloy coatings using Kβ-to-Kα X-ray intensity ratios. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2019, 144, 24-28.
  • [33]Ugurlu, M; Demir,L. Relative K X-ray intensity ratios of the first and second transition elements in the magnetic field. Journal of Molecular Structure 2020,1203, 127458
  • [34]Ismail, A. M; Malhi, N. B. L‐shell x‐ray relative intensities of some heavy elements excited by 20.48 keV x‐rays. X‐Ray Spectrometry 2000, 29(4), 317-319
  • [35]Tırasoglu, E; Çevik, U; Ertugral, B; Apaydın, G;Ertugrul, M; Kobya, A. I. Chemical effects on Lα, Lβ, Lγ, Ll, and Lη X-ray production cross-sections and Li/Lα X-ray intensity ratios of Hg, Pb and Bi compound at 59.54 keV. The European Physical Journal D 2003,26, 231-236
  • [36] Turgut, U; Ertuğrul, M. L X-ray intensity ratios for elements in the range 74≤ Z≤ 92 at 31.635 keV”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 2004, 222(3-4), 432-436.
  • [37]Yalçın, P; Porikli S; Kurucu, Y; Şahin, Y. Measurement of relative L X-ray intensity ratio following radioactive decay and photoionization. Physics Latters B 2008, 663,3, 186-190.
  • [38] Porikli, S; Demir, D; Kurucu, Y.Variation of Kβ/ Kα X-ray intensity ratio and lineshape with the effects of external magnetic field and chemical combination. European Physical Journal D 2008, 47,3, 315-323.
  • [39] Cinan, E; Ertuğrul, M; Aygün, B; Sayyed, M. I; Kurucu, Y; Özdemir, Y. Determination of the effect of temperature on relative L X-ray intensity ratio of gadolinium, dysprosium and erbium. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2021. 183, 109389.
  • [40] Bertin, E.P. Principles and practice of X-ray spectrometric analysis, second ed. Plenum Press, New York, 1975.
  • [41]Gerward, L; Guilbert, N; Jensen, K. B; Levring, H. X-ray absorption in matter Reengineering XCOM. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2001, 60, 23–24.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Chemistry (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Tuba Akkuş 0000-0003-3913-5562

Mehmet Fatih Temiz This is me 0000-0003-3827-3103

Early Pub Date October 30, 2025
Publication Date November 3, 2025
Submission Date February 12, 2025
Acceptance Date June 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Akkuş, T., & Temiz, M. F. (2025). Calculation of different intensity ratios of samples with atomic numbers between 9≤Z≤83 using the dilution technique. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 18(3), 763-780.