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TÜRKİYE’DE AR&GE HARCAMALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: FOURIER ADL EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 133 - 145, 28.05.2021

Abstract

Ekonomik büyümenin altında yatan birçok faktör vardır. Bunlardan belki de en verimli olanı, ülkelerin gerçekleştirdiği Ar&Ge harcamaları ile en doğru şekilde ölçülebilen araştırma ve geliştirme (Ar&Ge) faaliyetleridir. Bu amaçla çalışmada Türkiye için 1996-2017 dönemlerini kapsayan Ar&Ge ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi araştırılmak istenmektedir. Sınaması gerçekleştirilen yıllık verilere Dünya Bankası resmi veri tabanından ulaşılmıştır. Bunun için yapısal değişimleri dikkate alan Fourier temelli sınamalardan faydalanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre birinci dereceden durağan bulunan değişkenler için Banerjee vd. (2017) tarafından önerilen Fourier Otoregresif Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış (FADL) eşbütünleşme testi yapılmış ve serilerin uzun dönemde dengede olduğu bulunmuştur. Uzun dönemli katsayı tahmininde ise Ar&Ge değişkeninin ekonomik büyümeyi anlamlı ve pozitif etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar Ar&Ge harcamalarının artmasının ekonomik büyümenin sürdürülmesine yol açabileceği anlamına gelmektedir.

References

  • Aghion P. ve P. Howitt (1992). A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica, 60 (2), 323-351.
  • Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. W. (2008). The economics of growth. MIT press.
  • Altın, O., & Kaya, A. (2009). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensel ilişkinin analizi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 9(1), 251-259.
  • Altıntaş, H. ve Mercan, M. (2015). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri üzerine yatay kesit bağımlılığı altında panel eşbütünleşme analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi, SBF Dergisi, 70(2), 345-376.
  • Bai, J., Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18, 1–22.
  • Banerjee, P., Arčabić, V., ve Lee, H. (2017). Fourier ADL cointegration test to approximate smooth breaks with new evidence from crude oil market. Economic Modelling, 67, 114-124.
  • Bayarcelik, E. B., ve Tasel, F. (2012). Research and development: source of economic growth. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 744-753.
  • Bilas, V., Bosnjak, M., & Cizmic, T. (2016). Relationship between research and development and economic growth in the eu countries. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 223.
  • Blanco, L. R., Gu, J., ve Prieger, J. E. (2016). The impact of research and development on economic growth and productivity in the US states. Southern Economic Journal, 82(3), 914-934.
  • Bozkurt, C. (2015). R&D expenditures and economic growth relationship in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1), 188-198.
  • Christopoulos, D. K., & León-Ledesma, M. A. (2010). Smooth breaks and non-linear mean reversion: Post-Bretton Woods real exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1076-1093.
  • Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., Adalı, Z., ve Aydın, R. (2019). Evaluating the role of research and development and technology investments on economic development of E7 countries. In Organizational transformation and managing innovation in the fourth industrial revolution (pp. 245-263). IGI Global.
  • Dinopoulos, E., Thompson, P., 1998. Schumpeterian growth without scale effects. J.Econ. Growth, 3 (4), 313–335.
  • Fernández, N., Roman, M. S., ve Sanchez-Robles, B. (2012). R&D and growth in the spanish regions, 1995-2007-an empirical approximation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(10).
  • Freimane, R., ve Bāliņa, S. (2016). Research and development expenditures and economic growth in the EU: A panel data analysis. Economics and Business, 29(1), 5-11.
  • Genç, M. C. ve Atasoy, Y. (2010). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: panel veri analizi. The Journal of Knowledge Economy& Knowledge Management, 5(2), 27-34.
  • Goel, R.K. ve Ram, R. (1994). Research and development expenditures and economic growth: a cross-country study. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 42(2), 403-411.
  • Grossman G. ve Helpman E. (1991). Innovation and growth in the global economy. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Güloğlu, B., ve Tekin, R. B. (2012). A panel causality analysis of the relationship among research and development, innovation, and economic growth in high-income OECD countries. Eurasian Economic Review, 2(1), 32-47.
  • Gülmez, A., & Yardımcıoğlu, F. (2012). OECD Ülkelerinde Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: panel eşbütünleşme ve panel nedensellik analizi (1990-2010). Maliye Dergisi, 163(1), 335-353.
  • Güneş, H. (2019). AR-GE harcamalari ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 8(2), 160-176.
  • Hong, J. P. (2017). Causal relationship between ICT R&D investment and economic growth in Korea. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 116, 70-75.
  • Jones, C., 1995a. R&D-based models of economic growth. J. Polit. Econ. 103 (4),759–784.
  • Jones, C., 1995b. Time series tests of endogenous growth models. Q. J. Econ. 110 (2),495–525.
  • Kacprzyk, A., & Świeczewska, I. (2018). Is R&D always growth-enhancing? Empirical evidence from the EU countries. Applied Economics Letters, 1–5.
  • Kaur, M., ve Singh, L. (2016). R&D expenditure and economic growth: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 15(3), 195-213.
  • Khan, J. (2015). The role of research and development in economic growth: a review.
  • Korkmaz, S. (2010). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin var modeli ile analizi. Journal of Yaşar University, S. 20 (5), 3320-3330.
  • Kortum, S.S., 1997. Research, patenting, and technological change. Econometrica, 65 (6), 1389–1419.
  • Liu, C., ve Xia, G. (2018). Research on the dynamic interrelationship among R&D investment, technological innovation, and economic growth in China. Sustainability, 10(11), 4260.
  • Meçik, O. (2014). Ar-Ge harcamalarının ekonomik gelişmişlik üzerindeki etkileri. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(32), 669- 674.
  • Minniti, A., & Venturini, F. (2017). The long-run growth effects of R&D policy. Research Policy, 46(1), 316-326.
  • Özcan, B., ve Arı, A. (2014). Araştırma-Geliştirme harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Maliye Dergisi, 166(1), 39-55.
  • Peng, L. (2010). Study on relationship between R&D expenditure and economic growth of China. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management (1725-1728).
  • Peretto, P. (1998). Technological change and population growth. J. Econ. Growth, 3(4),283-311.
  • Perron, P. (1989). The great crash, the oil price shock and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica 57, 1361–1401.
  • Pessoa, A. (2010). R&D and economic growth: How strong is the link?. Economics Letters, 107(2), 152-154.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. ve Hansen, B. E. (1990). Statistical inference in instrumental variable regression with I(1) processes. Review of Economic Studies, 57, 99–125.
  • Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, S71-S102.
  • Samimi, A. J. ve Alerasoul, S. M. (2009). R&D and economic growth: new evidence from some developing countries. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4): 3464-3469.
  • Segerstrom, P. (1998). Endogenous growth without scale effects. Am. Econ. Rev. 88(5), 1290–1310.
  • Sokolov-Mladenović, S., Cvetanović, S., ve Mladenović, I. (2016). R&D expenditure and economic growth: EU28 evidence for the period 2002–2012. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 29(1), 1005-1020.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Sylwester, K. (2001). R&D and economic growth. Knowledge, Technology&Policy, 13(4), 71-84.
  • Szarowská, I. (2017). Does public R&D expenditure matter for economic growth?. Journal of International studies, 10(2).
  • Şahin, B. E. (2015). The Relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth: Panel data analysis 1990-2013. In EY International Congress on Economics II (EYC2015), November 5-6, 2015, Ankara, Turkey (No. 207). Ekonomik Yaklasim Association.
  • Taban, S. ve Şengür, M. (2014). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge ve ekonomik büyüme. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(1), 355- 376.
  • Tarı, R. ve Alabaş, M. M. (2017). Ar-Ge harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği (1990-2014). Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 17 (2), 1-17.
  • Taş, Ş., Taşar, İ., ve Açcı, Y. (2017). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 178-187.
  • Tuna, K., Kayacan, E., ve Bektaş, H. (2015). The relationship between research & development expenditures and economic growth: The case of Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 501-507.
  • Ülkü, H. (2004). R&D, innovation, and economic growth: An empirical analysis.
  • Wang, D. Han-Min, Tiffany, H. K. Yu ve Hong-Quan, L. (2013). Heterogeneous effect of high-tech industrial R&D spending on economic growth. Journal of Business Research, 66(10):1990-1993.
  • Wu, Y., Zhou, L., ve Li, J. X. (2007). Cointegration and causality between R&D expenditure and economic growth in China: 1953-2004. In International Conference on Public Administration (Vol. 76).
  • Yazgan, Ş. ve Yalçınkaya, Ö. (2018). The effects of research and development (R&D) investments on sustainable economic growth: Evidence from OECD countries (1996-2015). Review of Economic Perspectives, 18(1), 3-23.
  • Young, A. (1998). Growth without scale effects. J. Polit. Econ. 106 (1), 41–63.
  • Zivot, E., Andrews, D.W.K., (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil price shocks and the unit root hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10, 251–270.
  • Yüksel, S. (2017). The impacts of research and development expenses on export and economic growth. International Business and Accounting Research Journal, 1(1), 1-8.
Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 133 - 145, 28.05.2021

Abstract

References

  • Aghion P. ve P. Howitt (1992). A model of growth through creative destruction. Econometrica, 60 (2), 323-351.
  • Aghion, P., & Howitt, P. W. (2008). The economics of growth. MIT press.
  • Altın, O., & Kaya, A. (2009). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensel ilişkinin analizi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 9(1), 251-259.
  • Altıntaş, H. ve Mercan, M. (2015). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri üzerine yatay kesit bağımlılığı altında panel eşbütünleşme analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi, SBF Dergisi, 70(2), 345-376.
  • Bai, J., Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 18, 1–22.
  • Banerjee, P., Arčabić, V., ve Lee, H. (2017). Fourier ADL cointegration test to approximate smooth breaks with new evidence from crude oil market. Economic Modelling, 67, 114-124.
  • Bayarcelik, E. B., ve Tasel, F. (2012). Research and development: source of economic growth. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 744-753.
  • Bilas, V., Bosnjak, M., & Cizmic, T. (2016). Relationship between research and development and economic growth in the eu countries. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 223.
  • Blanco, L. R., Gu, J., ve Prieger, J. E. (2016). The impact of research and development on economic growth and productivity in the US states. Southern Economic Journal, 82(3), 914-934.
  • Bozkurt, C. (2015). R&D expenditures and economic growth relationship in Turkey. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1), 188-198.
  • Christopoulos, D. K., & León-Ledesma, M. A. (2010). Smooth breaks and non-linear mean reversion: Post-Bretton Woods real exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(6), 1076-1093.
  • Dinçer, H., Yüksel, S., Adalı, Z., ve Aydın, R. (2019). Evaluating the role of research and development and technology investments on economic development of E7 countries. In Organizational transformation and managing innovation in the fourth industrial revolution (pp. 245-263). IGI Global.
  • Dinopoulos, E., Thompson, P., 1998. Schumpeterian growth without scale effects. J.Econ. Growth, 3 (4), 313–335.
  • Fernández, N., Roman, M. S., ve Sanchez-Robles, B. (2012). R&D and growth in the spanish regions, 1995-2007-an empirical approximation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(10).
  • Freimane, R., ve Bāliņa, S. (2016). Research and development expenditures and economic growth in the EU: A panel data analysis. Economics and Business, 29(1), 5-11.
  • Genç, M. C. ve Atasoy, Y. (2010). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: panel veri analizi. The Journal of Knowledge Economy& Knowledge Management, 5(2), 27-34.
  • Goel, R.K. ve Ram, R. (1994). Research and development expenditures and economic growth: a cross-country study. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 42(2), 403-411.
  • Grossman G. ve Helpman E. (1991). Innovation and growth in the global economy. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Güloğlu, B., ve Tekin, R. B. (2012). A panel causality analysis of the relationship among research and development, innovation, and economic growth in high-income OECD countries. Eurasian Economic Review, 2(1), 32-47.
  • Gülmez, A., & Yardımcıoğlu, F. (2012). OECD Ülkelerinde Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: panel eşbütünleşme ve panel nedensellik analizi (1990-2010). Maliye Dergisi, 163(1), 335-353.
  • Güneş, H. (2019). AR-GE harcamalari ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 8(2), 160-176.
  • Hong, J. P. (2017). Causal relationship between ICT R&D investment and economic growth in Korea. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 116, 70-75.
  • Jones, C., 1995a. R&D-based models of economic growth. J. Polit. Econ. 103 (4),759–784.
  • Jones, C., 1995b. Time series tests of endogenous growth models. Q. J. Econ. 110 (2),495–525.
  • Kacprzyk, A., & Świeczewska, I. (2018). Is R&D always growth-enhancing? Empirical evidence from the EU countries. Applied Economics Letters, 1–5.
  • Kaur, M., ve Singh, L. (2016). R&D expenditure and economic growth: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 15(3), 195-213.
  • Khan, J. (2015). The role of research and development in economic growth: a review.
  • Korkmaz, S. (2010). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin var modeli ile analizi. Journal of Yaşar University, S. 20 (5), 3320-3330.
  • Kortum, S.S., 1997. Research, patenting, and technological change. Econometrica, 65 (6), 1389–1419.
  • Liu, C., ve Xia, G. (2018). Research on the dynamic interrelationship among R&D investment, technological innovation, and economic growth in China. Sustainability, 10(11), 4260.
  • Meçik, O. (2014). Ar-Ge harcamalarının ekonomik gelişmişlik üzerindeki etkileri. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(32), 669- 674.
  • Minniti, A., & Venturini, F. (2017). The long-run growth effects of R&D policy. Research Policy, 46(1), 316-326.
  • Özcan, B., ve Arı, A. (2014). Araştırma-Geliştirme harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Maliye Dergisi, 166(1), 39-55.
  • Peng, L. (2010). Study on relationship between R&D expenditure and economic growth of China. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Innovation & Management (1725-1728).
  • Peretto, P. (1998). Technological change and population growth. J. Econ. Growth, 3(4),283-311.
  • Perron, P. (1989). The great crash, the oil price shock and the unit root hypothesis. Econometrica 57, 1361–1401.
  • Pessoa, A. (2010). R&D and economic growth: How strong is the link?. Economics Letters, 107(2), 152-154.
  • Phillips, P. C. B. ve Hansen, B. E. (1990). Statistical inference in instrumental variable regression with I(1) processes. Review of Economic Studies, 57, 99–125.
  • Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98, S71-S102.
  • Samimi, A. J. ve Alerasoul, S. M. (2009). R&D and economic growth: new evidence from some developing countries. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4): 3464-3469.
  • Segerstrom, P. (1998). Endogenous growth without scale effects. Am. Econ. Rev. 88(5), 1290–1310.
  • Sokolov-Mladenović, S., Cvetanović, S., ve Mladenović, I. (2016). R&D expenditure and economic growth: EU28 evidence for the period 2002–2012. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 29(1), 1005-1020.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Sylwester, K. (2001). R&D and economic growth. Knowledge, Technology&Policy, 13(4), 71-84.
  • Szarowská, I. (2017). Does public R&D expenditure matter for economic growth?. Journal of International studies, 10(2).
  • Şahin, B. E. (2015). The Relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth: Panel data analysis 1990-2013. In EY International Congress on Economics II (EYC2015), November 5-6, 2015, Ankara, Turkey (No. 207). Ekonomik Yaklasim Association.
  • Taban, S. ve Şengür, M. (2014). Türkiye’de Ar-Ge ve ekonomik büyüme. AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(1), 355- 376.
  • Tarı, R. ve Alabaş, M. M. (2017). Ar-Ge harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği (1990-2014). Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi , 17 (2), 1-17.
  • Taş, Ş., Taşar, İ., ve Açcı, Y. (2017). Ar-Ge harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 178-187.
  • Tuna, K., Kayacan, E., ve Bektaş, H. (2015). The relationship between research & development expenditures and economic growth: The case of Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 501-507.
  • Ülkü, H. (2004). R&D, innovation, and economic growth: An empirical analysis.
  • Wang, D. Han-Min, Tiffany, H. K. Yu ve Hong-Quan, L. (2013). Heterogeneous effect of high-tech industrial R&D spending on economic growth. Journal of Business Research, 66(10):1990-1993.
  • Wu, Y., Zhou, L., ve Li, J. X. (2007). Cointegration and causality between R&D expenditure and economic growth in China: 1953-2004. In International Conference on Public Administration (Vol. 76).
  • Yazgan, Ş. ve Yalçınkaya, Ö. (2018). The effects of research and development (R&D) investments on sustainable economic growth: Evidence from OECD countries (1996-2015). Review of Economic Perspectives, 18(1), 3-23.
  • Young, A. (1998). Growth without scale effects. J. Polit. Econ. 106 (1), 41–63.
  • Zivot, E., Andrews, D.W.K., (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil price shocks and the unit root hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10, 251–270.
  • Yüksel, S. (2017). The impacts of research and development expenses on export and economic growth. International Business and Accounting Research Journal, 1(1), 1-8.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gökhan Konat 0000-0002-0964-7893

Publication Date May 28, 2021
Acceptance Date May 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Konat, G. (2021). TÜRKİYE’DE AR&GE HARCAMALARI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: FOURIER ADL EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ. Ekonomik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 17(1), 133-145.

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