CENTRAL PARK’IN TARİHSEL SÜRECİ, KENT VE KENTLEŞME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 124 - 150, 12.04.2020

Muhammed Ali Başaran

Abstract

Sanayileşme sonrası kentlerde ortaya çıkan sorunlara birçok çözüm arayışında bulunulmuştur. XIX. yy ‘da bu arayış sonuçlarından biri olarak kentte yaşayanların açık alan ihtiyacını karşılamak ve kent içerisinde kırsal alanlar üretmek amacıyla kent parkları inşa edilmeye başlamıştır. ABD’nin New York kentinde yapılan Central Park da, bu dönemde kent parkı olarak yapılan ilk parklardan olmuştur. Kent içerisinde toplumun ve fiziksel çevrenin koşullarının iyileştirilmesinde önemli bir araç olan Central Park’ın olumlu yönlerinin yanı sıra, politik bir araç olması ve meydana geliş süreciyle de ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu araştırma, ABD, New York ve Central Park’a ait yazını inceleyerek, Central Park’ın tarihini ve kente olan etkisini ve kentleşme üzerindeki rolünü incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda makalenin ikinci bölümünde New York’ta Central Park’ı meydana getiren süreç; üçüncü bölümünde Central Park’ın New York kenti üzerindeki etkileri; dördüncü bölümünde ise Central Park’ın, başta ABD olmak üzere, dünya üzerindeki kentleşmeye olan katkısı incelenmektedir. Sonuç bölümünde ise, yapılan incelemelere dayanarak Central Park’a yönelik çıkarımlar yapılmaktadır.

Keywords

Kent Tarihi, Kent Parkı, Peyzaj Mimarlığı, New York, Central Park

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