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Türkiye ve Çin’deki wushu antrenörü eğitim sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 1 - 14
https://doi.org/10.70053/esas.1641558

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye ve Çin'deki Wushu antrenörlük eğitim sistemlerinin eğitim yaklaşımları, standartları, program içerikleri ve süreçlerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi, Türkiye’deki Wushu antrenörü yetiştirme sürecine katkı sağlayacak öneriler sunulması hedeflenmektedir. Bu araştırma, doküman analizine dayalı birebir karşılaştırma yaklaşımını içermektedir. Nitel araştırma modeline uygun olarak yürütülmektedir. Bu bağlamda mevcut araştırmanın tasarımı Gök ve Aslan (2019) tarafından belirlenen ortak kriterlere yanıt bulmaya yönelik karşılaştırmalı analizleri içermektedir. Sonuç olarak; Çin ve Türkiye'deki Wushu antrenörlük eğitimi ve ilgili düzenlemeler üzerine yapılan bu karşılaştırmalı analiz, her iki ülkenin bu alanda birçok benzerlik ve farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu farklılıklar, iki ülkenin sosyal, kültürel ve idari yapılarından kaynaklanmakta ve Wushu antrenörlüğünün gelişimini etkilemektedir. Eğitim düzenleme yetkisi, kurs modelleri, seviye sistemleri, katılım koşulları, istihdam süreçleri, denklik işlemleri gibi birçok faktörde farklı yaklaşımlar sergileyen Çin ve Türkiye, bu durumun Wushu antrenörlüğünün gelişimine farklı etkiler yarattığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, Çin ve Türkiye'nin Wushu antrenörlük alanındaki deneyimlerini birbirleriyle paylaşmaları ve ortak çalışmalar yürütmeleri hem Wushu sporunun hem de antrenörlük eğitiminin daha ileri düzeyde gelişmesine önemli katkılar sağlayabilir.

References

  • Ba, Y. J. (2019). A study on the coaching ability of coaches in martial arts Sanda clubs in Xi'an. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Physical Education.
  • Ba, Y. J. (2019). A study on the coaching ability of coaches in martial arts Sanda clubs in Xi'an. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China.
  • Balcı, A. (2007). Karşılaştırmalı eğitim sistemleri. PEGEM Yayınları Ankara.
  • Cai, L. (2007). Research on the coaching ability structure and self-evaluation of Chinese Sanda coaches. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. DOI: 10.7666/d.D295457.
  • Chen, J. (2018). The relationship between organizational support, self-efficacy, and job performance of competitive Wushu routine coaches. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Shandong Sports University, Shandong, China.
  • Chen, X., & Chen, S. (2021). Sports Coaching Development in China: the system, challenges and opportunities. Sports Coaching Review, 11(3), 276–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2021.1952808
  • Chen, Y.-D., & Zeng, H.-H. (2003). Discussion on cultivating students' teaching abilities in martial arts special courses for physical education majors in normal universities. Physical Education Teachers' Friends, 2(2), 13-14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-1487.2003.02.008.
  • Ding, C., Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2015). Research on the international promotion of martial arts: A study on the skill quality of foreign martial arts coaches. Sports, 13, 149-150, 127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-151x.2015.13.081.
  • Dönmez, O. (2019). Wushucularda pliometrik antrenmanların sıçrama ve çeviklik parametrelerine etkisi (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Fu, W. (2023). Improving political stance, enhancing job skills, and steadily promoting the standardization construction of team safety management: Excerpt from a speech at the third coach training class of the 2023 Team Safety Management Standardization Team Creation Activity. Ban Jia Tian Di, 8(8), 20-21.
  • Gök, Y. ve Aslan, M. (2019). Development of a data collection tool for comparison of coach training systems. 3rd Union of Thrace Universities International Health Sciences Congress Proceeding Book. 24-26 October 2019 içinde (s. 719-725). Çanakkale: 18 Mart Üniversitesi. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20586.06081
  • Gök, Y., & Aslan, M. (2023). The Comparison of the coaching education systems between countries: Germany, Belgium, The United Kingdom, Estonia, France, Finland, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Portugal and Türkiye. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 6(2), 374-405. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1223071
  • Han, Q. S., Theeboom, M., & Zhu, D. (2021). Chinese martial arts and the olympics: analysing the policy of the international wushu federation. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(5), 603-624.
  • Jia, T. F. (2019). Research on the knowledge and technical qualities that international Wushu coaches should possess. Boxing and Fighting, 18, 148 - 149.
  • Liu, Y. (2006). A theoretical study on establishing the professional qualification certification standards for sports coaches in China. Jilin: Northeast Normal University.
  • Luo, C. (2023). Implementation Opinions of the General Administration of Sport, the Central Organisation Establishment Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Setting up Coach Positions in Schools. Adolescent Health, 21(6), 41.
  • Ma, J. (2016). A normative order for the development of Wushu: A comparative interpretation based on the operational mechanism of the Chinese martial arts dan system. Journal of Beijing Sport University, 39(5), 12-17, 23.
  • Qin, M. L. (2008). Professional qualities that martial arts routine coaches should possess nowadays. Sports Science and Technology, 29(1), 28 - 32.
  • Sun, C. Y., & Guo, Y. (2014). The necessity and feasibility of adding Wushu coaching courses in Wushu majors. Journal of Cangzhou Normal College, 30(3), 129 - 132.
  • Tang, B. (2017). Research on the current situation and countermeasures of professional football players entering primary and secondary schools to teach after retirement - Taking Nanjing, Jiangsu Province as an example. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
  • Wang, S. (2019). Research on the promotion status of the martial arts rank system in Xuzhou City. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China.
  • Shen, W. (2024). Reflections on participating in the national traditional martial arts instructor (Baguazhang) training course. Chinese Wushu, 2(2), 11-12.
  • Yue, W. H. (2017). The successful development of children's taekwondo in Guiyang City and its implications for the development of children's martial arts activities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou, China.
  • Wu, J., & Luo, C. (2008). The construction of a qualification evaluation system for social sports instructors in martial arts events. Boxing (Science of Martial Arts), 5(4), 44-46. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5643.2008.04.021.
  • Yang, J. (2019). The 2019 China University Students' Long Weapons (Short Weapons) Combat Event Coaches and Referees Training Class Held in Wudang Mountain. Chinese Wushu, 6, 18-19.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Qualitative research methods in social sciences. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
  • Zhang, Y. (2004). Current situation investigation and analysis of Wushu routine coaches in amateur sports schools in Hebei Province. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. https://doi.org/10.7666/d.d004957.
  • Zhao, J., & Bai, N. (2017). On how to cultivate excellent coaches in university martial arts programs. Wushu Research, 2(7), 73-75.
  • Wushu Coach Training Instruction (2025, 12 January). Access Address: https://shgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/images/SGM/Federasyon/Wushu%20Antrenor%20Egitim%20Tal.pdf
  • Directive on Working Procedures and Principles of Coaches (2025, 10 February). Access Address: https://sporegitim.gsb.gov.tr/Sayfalar/2878/2859/antrenorlerin-calisma-usul-ve-esaslari-yonergesi.aspx
  • Coaches Regulation (2025, 10 February). Access Address: https://shgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/images/SGM/Federasyon/Antrenor%20Yonetmeligi.pdf
  • Wushu Federation of Türkiye (2025, 12 February). Access Address: https://twkf.gov.tr/
  • International Wushu Federation (2025 , 18 January). Access Address: https://www.iwuf.org/en/sport-wushu/competitive-wushu/
  • General Administration of Sport of China (2025, 20 January). Access Address: https://www.sport.gov.cn/
  • Official Website of Chinese Wushu Association (2025, 20 January) Access Address: https://www.wushu.com.cn/#/

Comparison of Wushu coach training systems in Türkiye and China

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 1 - 14
https://doi.org/10.70053/esas.1641558

Abstract

This study aims to compare the educational approaches, standards, programme contents and processes of Wushu coaching education systems in Turkey and China, and to offer suggestions that will contribute to the process of training Wushu coaches in Turkey. This research includes a one-to-one comparison approach based on document analysis. It is conducted in accordance with the qualitative research model. In this context, the current research design includes comparative analyses to find answers to the common criteria determined by Gök and Aslan (2019). As a result, this comparative analysis on wushu coaching education and related regulations in China and Türkiye revealed that both countries show many similarities and differences in this field. These differences stem from the social, cultural and administrative structures of the two countries and affect the development of wushu coaching. China and Türkiye have different approaches in many factors, such as authorisation to organise training, course models, level systems, participation conditions, employment processes, and equivalence procedures, and this situation has different effects on the development of wushu coaching. Therefore, China and Türkiye sharing their experiences in the field of wushu coaching with each other and conducting joint studies can make significant contributions to the further development of both wushu sport and coaching education.

References

  • Ba, Y. J. (2019). A study on the coaching ability of coaches in martial arts Sanda clubs in Xi'an. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Physical Education.
  • Ba, Y. J. (2019). A study on the coaching ability of coaches in martial arts Sanda clubs in Xi'an. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, China.
  • Balcı, A. (2007). Karşılaştırmalı eğitim sistemleri. PEGEM Yayınları Ankara.
  • Cai, L. (2007). Research on the coaching ability structure and self-evaluation of Chinese Sanda coaches. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. DOI: 10.7666/d.D295457.
  • Chen, J. (2018). The relationship between organizational support, self-efficacy, and job performance of competitive Wushu routine coaches. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Shandong Sports University, Shandong, China.
  • Chen, X., & Chen, S. (2021). Sports Coaching Development in China: the system, challenges and opportunities. Sports Coaching Review, 11(3), 276–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2021.1952808
  • Chen, Y.-D., & Zeng, H.-H. (2003). Discussion on cultivating students' teaching abilities in martial arts special courses for physical education majors in normal universities. Physical Education Teachers' Friends, 2(2), 13-14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-1487.2003.02.008.
  • Ding, C., Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2015). Research on the international promotion of martial arts: A study on the skill quality of foreign martial arts coaches. Sports, 13, 149-150, 127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-151x.2015.13.081.
  • Dönmez, O. (2019). Wushucularda pliometrik antrenmanların sıçrama ve çeviklik parametrelerine etkisi (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Fu, W. (2023). Improving political stance, enhancing job skills, and steadily promoting the standardization construction of team safety management: Excerpt from a speech at the third coach training class of the 2023 Team Safety Management Standardization Team Creation Activity. Ban Jia Tian Di, 8(8), 20-21.
  • Gök, Y. ve Aslan, M. (2019). Development of a data collection tool for comparison of coach training systems. 3rd Union of Thrace Universities International Health Sciences Congress Proceeding Book. 24-26 October 2019 içinde (s. 719-725). Çanakkale: 18 Mart Üniversitesi. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20586.06081
  • Gök, Y., & Aslan, M. (2023). The Comparison of the coaching education systems between countries: Germany, Belgium, The United Kingdom, Estonia, France, Finland, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Portugal and Türkiye. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 6(2), 374-405. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1223071
  • Han, Q. S., Theeboom, M., & Zhu, D. (2021). Chinese martial arts and the olympics: analysing the policy of the international wushu federation. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(5), 603-624.
  • Jia, T. F. (2019). Research on the knowledge and technical qualities that international Wushu coaches should possess. Boxing and Fighting, 18, 148 - 149.
  • Liu, Y. (2006). A theoretical study on establishing the professional qualification certification standards for sports coaches in China. Jilin: Northeast Normal University.
  • Luo, C. (2023). Implementation Opinions of the General Administration of Sport, the Central Organisation Establishment Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on Setting up Coach Positions in Schools. Adolescent Health, 21(6), 41.
  • Ma, J. (2016). A normative order for the development of Wushu: A comparative interpretation based on the operational mechanism of the Chinese martial arts dan system. Journal of Beijing Sport University, 39(5), 12-17, 23.
  • Qin, M. L. (2008). Professional qualities that martial arts routine coaches should possess nowadays. Sports Science and Technology, 29(1), 28 - 32.
  • Sun, C. Y., & Guo, Y. (2014). The necessity and feasibility of adding Wushu coaching courses in Wushu majors. Journal of Cangzhou Normal College, 30(3), 129 - 132.
  • Tang, B. (2017). Research on the current situation and countermeasures of professional football players entering primary and secondary schools to teach after retirement - Taking Nanjing, Jiangsu Province as an example. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
  • Wang, S. (2019). Research on the promotion status of the martial arts rank system in Xuzhou City. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China.
  • Shen, W. (2024). Reflections on participating in the national traditional martial arts instructor (Baguazhang) training course. Chinese Wushu, 2(2), 11-12.
  • Yue, W. H. (2017). The successful development of children's taekwondo in Guiyang City and its implications for the development of children's martial arts activities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou, China.
  • Wu, J., & Luo, C. (2008). The construction of a qualification evaluation system for social sports instructors in martial arts events. Boxing (Science of Martial Arts), 5(4), 44-46. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-5643.2008.04.021.
  • Yang, J. (2019). The 2019 China University Students' Long Weapons (Short Weapons) Combat Event Coaches and Referees Training Class Held in Wudang Mountain. Chinese Wushu, 6, 18-19.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Qualitative research methods in social sciences. Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
  • Zhang, Y. (2004). Current situation investigation and analysis of Wushu routine coaches in amateur sports schools in Hebei Province. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China. https://doi.org/10.7666/d.d004957.
  • Zhao, J., & Bai, N. (2017). On how to cultivate excellent coaches in university martial arts programs. Wushu Research, 2(7), 73-75.
  • Wushu Coach Training Instruction (2025, 12 January). Access Address: https://shgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/images/SGM/Federasyon/Wushu%20Antrenor%20Egitim%20Tal.pdf
  • Directive on Working Procedures and Principles of Coaches (2025, 10 February). Access Address: https://sporegitim.gsb.gov.tr/Sayfalar/2878/2859/antrenorlerin-calisma-usul-ve-esaslari-yonergesi.aspx
  • Coaches Regulation (2025, 10 February). Access Address: https://shgm.gsb.gov.tr/Public/images/SGM/Federasyon/Antrenor%20Yonetmeligi.pdf
  • Wushu Federation of Türkiye (2025, 12 February). Access Address: https://twkf.gov.tr/
  • International Wushu Federation (2025 , 18 January). Access Address: https://www.iwuf.org/en/sport-wushu/competitive-wushu/
  • General Administration of Sport of China (2025, 20 January). Access Address: https://www.sport.gov.cn/
  • Official Website of Chinese Wushu Association (2025, 20 January) Access Address: https://www.wushu.com.cn/#/
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Activity Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Osman Yıldız 0009-0007-9585-7427

Betül Zengin 0000-0002-2424-3686

Early Pub Date October 15, 2025
Publication Date October 16, 2025
Submission Date February 17, 2025
Acceptance Date March 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldız, O., & Zengin, B. (2025). Comparison of Wushu coach training systems in Türkiye and China. Education Science and Sports, 7(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.70053/esas.1641558