Applicability of Data Mining Techniques and Algorithmic Research to the Science of Hadith

Year 2021, , 461 - 474, 20.09.2021

Sema Tombul

https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.960636

Abstract

In this digital age, the presence of information is felt more and more day by day. When this information circulating in the digital environment is processed and transformed into a high-quality form, it will be able to serve for the developing technology age. At this point, data mining methods and algorithmic research that process large amounts of information come into play. Data mining is one of the technologies that is applied and will might be utilized in many fields including natural and social sciences. Such studies, which appear in many scientific disciplines, have also been carried out in the field of hadith, especially within the last twenty years. In this study, the most cited scientific articles that apply data mining methods and algorithmic research to the science of hadith in the world were examined. The studies carried out so far have focused on the the text of the hadith, its rawi (narrator), its authenticity or its use in the web environment. Some of these studies aim to classify the hadiths according to their subjects in general and to create hadith dictionaries in particular. On the other hand, there are studies to systematize the authenticity of the hadith by formulating the chain of narrators and the authentic hadith. In addition there are some studies that evaluate narrators by creating social network graphics. These researches offer the opportunity to present the data in the hadith in a computable and objective way by structuring, as in the sciences. In fact, the hadith scholars (muhaddiths), who aimed to prevent the oblivion and destruction of the sunnah centuries ago, tried to measure and evaluate the knowledge they had acquired on the hadith. From these muhaddiths, we have received some subjective, which are sometimes agreed upon, and sometimes individual evaluations about both the rawi and the text of the hadith. At this point, data mining techniques and algorithmic research will sometimes turn interpretation-based and repetitive information into concrete data. Another opportunity offered by these studies is that the people who access the hadith text from the digital environment gain the awareness of obtaining information about the content of the hadith data. As a matter of fact, as seen in some studies, anti-hadith websites are frequently visited by students who want to learn about hadith. For this reason, managing the information sources that the public reaches will help to solve many social and political problems arising from the wrong perception of religion. The aim of this work is to introduce data mining and algorithmic research to scholars in the field of hadith in Turkey and to use these techniques together with the science of hadith to enable scholars to contribute to the field of hadith.

Keywords

Hadith, Algorithm, Data Mining, Text Mining, Social Network Analysis

Veri Madenciliği Tekniklerinin ve Algoritmik Araştırmaların Hadis İlmine Uygulanabilirliği

Abstract

Çağımızda bilginin dijital dünyadaki varlığı her geçen gün daha çok hissedilmektedir. Dijital ortamda dolaşan bu bilgiler işlenip nitelikli bilgiye dönüştürüldüğünde gelişen teknoloji çağına katkı sunacaktır. Bu noktada büyük miktardaki bilgiyi yapılandıran veri madenciliği yöntemleri ve algoritmik araştırmalar devreye girmektedir. Veri madenciliği, fen bilimlerinden sosyal bilimlere birçok sahada kullanılan ve kullanılması muhtemel yöntemlerden biridir. Pek çok ilmî disiplinde karşımıza çıkan bu yöntemlerin özellikle son yirmi yıldır hadis alanında da yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada dünya üzerinde veri madenciliği yöntemlerini ve algoritmik araştırmaları hadis ilmine uygulayan ve en çok atıf alan bilimsel makaleler incelenmiştir. Şu ana kadar yapılan çalışmalar hadisin metnine, ricâline, sıhhatine yahut web ortamındaki kullanımına odaklanmaktadır. Bu araştırmaların bir kısmı genel olarak hadisleri konularına göre tasnif etmeyi, özel olarak hadis sözlükleri oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Öte yandan seneddeki râvi zincirini ve sahih hadisi formüle ederek hadisin sıhhat tespitini sistemleştirmeye yönelik çalışmalar da bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca sosyal ağ grafikleri oluşturmak suretiyle râviler üzerine incelemelerde bulunan araştırmalara rastlanmaktadır. Bu araştırmalar fen bilimlerinde olduğu gibi hadis ilmindeki verilerin yapılandırılarak hesaplanabilir ve nesnel bir şekilde ortaya konulmasına fırsat sunmaktadır. Esasında asırlar önce sünnetin unutulmasının ve tahrip edilmesinin önüne geçmeyi amaçlayan muhaddisler de hadis ilmine dair edindikleri bilgileri ölçmeye ve değerlendirmeye çalışmışlardır. Bu muhaddislerden bizlere hem hadisin ricâli hem de metni konusunda kimi zaman üzerinde ittifak edilen kimi zaman münferit öznel değerlendirmeler ulaşmıştır. İşte bu noktada veri madenciliği teknikleri ve algoritmik araştırmalar kimi zaman yoruma dayalı ve kendini tekrar eden malumatları somut verilere dönüştürecektir. Bu araştırmaların sunduğu bir diğer fırsat ise hadis metnine dijital ortamdan ulaşan halkın hadis verilerinin içeriği hakkında bilgi edinme bilincini kazanmasıdır. Nitekim bazı araştırmalarda görüldüğü üzere hadis karşıtı web siteleri hadis hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak isteyen öğrenciler tarafından sıkça ziyaret edilmektedir. Bu sebeple halkın ulaştığı bilgi kaynaklarını yönetmek yanlış din algısından kaynaklanan sosyal ve politik birçok problemin çözüme kavuşturulmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı özellikle Türkiye’deki hadis alanında çalışan araştırmacılara veri madenciliğini ve algoritmik araştırmaları tanıtmak ve bahsi geçen bu yöntemleri hadis ilmiyle birlikte kullanarak araştırmacıların hadis ilminin gelişimine katkıda bulunmasını sağlamaktır.

Keywords

Hadis, Algoritma, Veri Madenciliği, Metin Madenciliği, Sosyal Ağ Analizi

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