Is Ibn al-‘Arabī a Feminist?

Year 2023, Issue: 48, 353 - 374, 28.03.2023

Cennet Ceren Cavus

https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1228078

Abstract

Muhyiddīn Ibn al-‘Arabī is a very significant figure from 7th/13th-century Andalusia who made a paradigm shift in Sufism. He constructed a metaphysical doctrine and wrote about many issues including femininity and gender. His thoughts about the metaphysical state of women and femininity caused his approach to be interpreted as a source for Islamic feminism. He advocates for spiritual equality between men and women because of sharing “humanity” and asserts that women can attain the highest level of sainthood (qutbiyya). For his views on women’s imamate, testimony, and veiling, he is portrayed as a pro-woman thinker by some contemporary scholars. On the other hand, calling a great master “feminist” or at least “pro-feminist” is unacceptable for orthodox Muslims because of the pejorative connotations of feminism in mainstream Islamic thought. By explaining feminism through main feminist texts, and critically analyzing Ibn al-‘Arabī’s approach to gender through his works and books about gender issues in his philosophy, this paper attempts to introduce Ibn al-‘Arabī to gender scholars and feminism to Islamic scholars, and discuss his approach to women and gender.

Keywords

Philosophy, Gender Studies, Women’s Studies, Feminism, Ibn al-‘Arabī

İbnü’l-Arabî Feminist mi?

Abstract

Muhyiddîn İbnü’l-Arabî, 7./13. yüzyılda yaşamış ve tasavvufta paradigma değişikliği yapmış Endülüs’lü bir sufidir. Metafizik bir doktrin inşa etmiş ve kadınlık ve cinsiyet dâhil pek çok konu hakkında yazmıştır. Kadının metafizik durumu ve kadınlık hakkındaki düşünceleri onun İslami feminizme kaynak olarak yorumlanmasına neden olmaktadır. O, “insanlığı” paylaşmaktan dolayı kadın ve erkek arasında manevî eşitliği savunur ve kadının en yüksek velayet mertebesine (kutbiyyet) ulaşabileceğini iddia eder. Kadınların imamlığı, şahitliği ve tesettürüne ilişkin görüşlerinden dolayı, bazı çağdaş araştırmacılar tarafından kadın yanlısı bir düşünür olarak tasvir edilmektedir. Öte yandan, büyük bir ustaya “feminist” veya en azından “pro-feminist” (feminizm yanlısı) demek, feminizmin ana akım İslam düşüncesindeki olumsuz çağrışımları nedeniyle geleneksel Müslümanlar için kabul edilebilir değildir. Bu makale, temel feminist metinler üzerinden feminizmin ne olduğunu açıklayarak, İbnü’l-Arabî'nin cinsiyete yaklaşımını onun eserleri ve İbnü’l-Arabî’de cinsiyet hakkında yazılan eserler üzerinden eleştirel bir şekilde analiz etmektedir. Makalenin gayesi toplumsal cinsiyet araştırmacılarına İbnü’l-Arabî’yi, İslam araştırmacılarına ise feminizmi tanıtarak, İbnü’l-Arabî’nin kadın ve cinsiyet konularına yaklaşımını tartışmaktır.

Keywords

Felsefe, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadın Araştırmaları, Feminizm, İbnü’l-Arabî

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