SEKTÖRLER ARASI SU REKABETİ VE HARRAN OVASI TARIM İŞLETMELERİNİN SULAMA ALGISI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Abstract

Son yüzyılda dünya nüfusu yaklaşık 4,4 kat artarken, su tüketimi ise yaklaşık 7,3 kat artmıştır. Tarım sektörü, dünyadaki su kaynaklarının yaklaşık %70’ini tüketmektedir. Sanayi, enerji ve belediye hizmetleri gibi sektörlerin de su talebi artmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan rekabet, diğer sektörlerin, tarım sektörünün kullandığı sudan pay talep etmeleri anlamına gelmektedir. Tarım sektörünün, yeni riskler barındıran bu gelişmelerden olumsuz yönde etkileneceği öngörülmektedir. Tarım, aşırı su kullanımı, su kıtlığı ve çevre kirliliği gibi negatif dışsallıklardan da sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Tarımda suyun aşırı ve verimsiz kullanılmasını etkileyen başlıca faktörler, üreticilerin suyun gerçek maliyetini ödememesi ve sulama konusundaki yanlış algılardır. Bu bağlamda, Harran Ovasındaki tarım işletmelerinin sulama algıları araştırılmıştır. Yüz yüze anket yoluyla elde edilen verilere tek yönlü varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan çıkan en çarpıcı sonuç; üreticilerin %31,1’inin fazla su kullanmanın verimi arttıracağı algısı taşımalarıdır. Eğitim ve gelir bağımsız değişkenleri, “fazla su kullanımı verimi arttırır” bağımlı değişkeni açısından istatistiki olarak anlamlıdır (p<%5). Sonuçlar, tarım işletmelerinin aşırı su kullanma eğilimi taşıdıkları ve suyu verimsiz kullandıkları kanaatini güçlendirmektedir. Tarımda suyun verimli kullanılabilmesi ölçüsünde, diğer sektörlerin su tedarikine dair riskleri de azalacaktır. Tarım işletmelerine yönelik eğitim ve yayım faaliyetleriyle birlikte, birim su miktarından en yüksek katma değeri sağlayan ürünlerin ve su tasarrufu sağlayan teknolojilerin yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Sektörler arası su rekabeti
• Verimlilik
• Üretici algısı
• Tek yönlü varyans analizi
• Şanlıurfa Harran Ovası

INTER-SECTORAL COMPETITION FOR WATER AND A RESEARCH ON IRRIGATION PERCEPTION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN HARRAN PLAIN

Abstract

While the world population has increased by 4.4 times in the last century, water consumption has increased by about 7.3 times. The agricultural sector consumes approximately 70% of the world's water resources. The water demand of sectors such as industry, energy and municipal services is also increasing. The resulting competition means that other sectors demand a share of the water used by the agricultural sector. It is expected that the agricultural sector will be negatively affected by these developments, which contain new risks. Agriculture is also blamed for negative externalities such as excessive water use, water scarcity and environmental pollution. The main factors affecting the excessive and inefficient use of water in agriculture; producers do not have to pay the real cost of water and their misconceptions about irrigation. In this context, the perceptions of agricultural enterprises in the Harran Plain about irrigation were investigated. One-way analysis of variance was applied to the data obtained through face-to-face survey. The most striking result obtained from the research; 31.1% of producers have the perception that using more water will increase efficiency. Education and income independent variables are statistically significant (p<5%) in terms of the dependent variable "more water use increases efficiency". The results strengthen the opinion that agricultural enterprises tend to use excessive water and use water inefficiently. To the extent that water can be used efficiently in agriculture, the risks of other sectors regarding water supply will also decrease. Along with the training and extension activities for agricultural enterprises, the products that provide the highest added value from the unit water amount and the water-saving technologies should be extended.

Keywords

• Inter-sectoral water competition
• Productivity
• Producer perception
• One-way analysis of variance
• Şanliurfa Harran Plain

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