THE BASIS OF MUSIC PHILOSOPHY OF WAGNER

Year 2014, , 203 - 220, 10.09.2014

Emir Ülger

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.08947

Cited By: 7

Abstract

Abstract
Wagner is an important German composer and aesthetic theoretician. Both German mythology tradition, absolute idealism and the impressions of Schopenhauer's pessimist philosophy can be seen in his philosophical system. Wagner's musical drama emerge, with an ideal to revive the artistic synthesis in the golden era of Greek tragedy and puts forward a new combined form of arts, which is based on the belief that all forms of art can be performed together. Wagner explains this theorem as Gesamtkunstwerk. He emphasizes that synthesizing music with poetry will recreate high tragic art and all forms of art will regain their freedom thanks to this synthesis. Wagner does not deal with music merely as music. From his point of view, music is determined by a philosophical paradigm. This paradigm develops sometimes through Schopenhauer, sometimes through Buddhism and sometimes at an absolute idealist point. What has directed his works as ''the music of the future'' up to date is that he added mythical and metaphoric meanings to all of his operas, which has brought the name of Wagner to the point of being known as a philosopher as well as a composer.
In this research, we examined in which system and structural arrangement metaphysical and philosophical themes that were existent in Wagner music developed, how Wagner music turned into an aesthetic theorem as a result of this transformation and the philosophical basis of Wagner's featuring musical idea. At this point, Wagner's operas can't be considered as merely an opera. His music develops through idealistic metaphysical contents and connotations and it enables the period of volition's Buddhist negation, Schopenhauer, Aristotle, Kant and Hegel to be seen clearly in a work of music and his art.
Key Words: Philosophy of music, Aesthetics, Wagner, Art philosophy, Aesthetics of music

Keywords

Philosophy of music, Aesthetics, Wagner, Art philosophy, Aesthetics of music

R.WAGNER'DE MÜZİK FELSEFESİNİN TEMELLERİ

Abstract

Wagner önemli bir Alman bestecisi ve estetik kuramcısıdır. Onun düşünce dizgesinde, bir yöneyle Alman mitoloji geleneği, mutlak idealizm ve başka bir yönüyle de Schopenhauer pessimist felsefesinin izleri görülür. Wagner müzikli dramları, Grek tragedya sanatının altın çağındaki sanatsal sentezi yeniden oluşturmak ideali ile ortaya çıkar ve bütün sanatların birlikteliğinden hareketle yeni bir birleşik sanatlar kavramını ortaya atar. Wagner, bu kuramını gesamkunstwerk olarak açıklar. Müziğin, şiirle olan sentezi sonucunda, en yüksek trajik sanatın yeniden oluşturacağı ve bu sentez sayesinde sanatların yeniden özgürleşeceğine vurgu yapılır. Bu incelemede Wagner müziğinde var olan metafizik ve felsefi temaların hangi sistem ve yapısal dizgeden kaynaklanıp, geliştiğini, bu gelişimin sonunda Wagner müziğinin yeni bir estetik kurama dönüşerek, müziksel ideayı nasıl değiştirip felsefi temelleri dayandırdığının analizi yapılmak istenmiştir. Bu noktada Wagner'in operaları salt bir opera olarak ele alınmaz. Onun müziği, idealist metafizik içerik ve çağrışımlarla gelişmekte ve "İstencin Budistik Olumsuzlanması" sürecini sanat eserinde görünür kılmaktadır.

Keywords

Müzik Felsefesi, Estetik, Wagner, Sanat Felsefesi, Müzik Estetiği

References

• Aberbach D.A., (1988) The Ideas of Richard Wagner, University Press of America, Boston
• Adorno T.W.,(2007) Philosophy of Modern Music, (translated by A.Mitchell& V.Blomster) Oxford University Press, Newyork
• Adorno,(1999) Sound Fıgures, (tras R.Lıvıngstone) Standford University Press, USA
• Adorno, (1976) Introduction to the Sociology of Music, York, Seabury
• Adorno, (1981) In Search of Wagner, London,: Merlin
• Adorno, (1969) Introduction to the Sociology of Music, (Translated from the German by E.B. Ashton) A Contınuum Book, The Seabury Press New York
• Aristoteles,(1996) Metafizik, (çev. Ahmet Arslan) 2. Baskı, Đstanbul: Sosyal Yayınları
• Aristoteles, (2007) Poetika, (çev.Đsmail Tunalı) Ankara: Remzi Kitabevi
• Grey T.,(1995) Wagner’s Musical Prose, Text and Context, Standford University Press
• Hauser A., (2006) Sanatın Toplumsal Tarihi, cilt 2 (çev. Yıldız Gönülü) Ankara Deniz Kitabevi, Hegel G.W.F., (1994) Estetik, (çev. Taylan Altuğ-Hakkı Hünler) Đstanbul, Payel yay.
• Jacuette D.,(1996) Schopenhauer, Philosophy and Arts (edited by) Cambridge Press, London
• Kagan M. (1982) Estetik, (çev.Aziz Çalışlar) Ankara:Đmge Yayınları
• Levinson J.,(1990) Music art and Metaphysics, Ithaca, NY.USA Cornell University Press, Barthes R.,(2000) Mythology, (Transleted by A.Lavers) France, Straus and Giroux
• Morgan R.,(1991) Twentieth Century Music, Yale University Press, Norton Company, USA
• Nietzcshe F.W.,(1995) The Birth of Tragedy, (Transleted by C.P.Fadiman) Newyork-London Dover Publications
• _________(2009) Müziğin Ruhundan Tragedyanın Doğuşu,(Çev. Đ.Z.Eyyüboğlu)Đstanbul, Say Yay.
• Platon ( 2005) Devlet, (çev. Sebahattin Eyüboğlu-M.Ali Cimcoz) Đstanbul, 9. Baskı, Türkiye Đş Bankası Yayınları
• _______, (1987)The Republic, Second Editıon UK, London, Penguin Classics
• Schaeffer J.M.,(2000) Art Of the Modern Age, (translated by Steven Rendall) New French Thought, Princeton UK
• Schopenhauer A.,(2005) Đrade ve Tasarım Olarak Evren, (Çev. Levent Özşar) Đstanbul, Biblos
• Strauss,C.L.,(2013) Mit ve Anlam, (çev.Gökhan Y.Demir) Đstanbul Đthaki Yayınları
• Strauss,(2007) Irk -Tarih ve Kültür, (çev.Haldun Bayrı) Metis yayınları
• Tunalı Đsmail,(2002) Sanat Ontolojisi, Đstanbul, Đnkılap Yay.
• _________,(1983) Grek Estetiği, Đstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi
• _________, (2007) Estetik, 10 Baskı, Đstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi
• Wagner R. (1994a) Religion and Art, (Transleted by W.Aston Ellıs) USA, University of Nebraska Press -----------(1994b) Pilgrimage to Beethoven, and Other Essays, (translated by W.Ashton Ellıs) University of Nebraska Press, London
• _______(1995a) Opera and Drama (Translated by W.A.Ellis) Usa, University of Nebraska Press
• _______(1995b) Actors and Singers, ((translated by W.Ashton Ellıs, university of Nebraska Press, London