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THE ARAB SPRING IN TUNISIA: A LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION?

Year 2013, Volume: 12 Issue: 47, 310 - 327, 01.03.2013

Abstract

The Arab Uprising has risen to the academic arena recently in several aspects. What is happening in that territory calls attention to the structure of the uprising. Tunisia, the first cycle in the Arab Spring, witnesses a short but bloody transition. This transition, which is called the Jasmine Revolution, comes to an end with the surrender of power by the incumbent regime to the opposition without any compromise. These events begin with an economic reasoning but then continue with liberal-democratic demands. In this study, we will first cover Tunisia's political background in search of its democratic heritage. We will then consider such democratic institutions before and during the transitions as elections, freedom of expression, freedom of association and other issues regarding human rights. Finally we will discuss the possibility of democratic consolidation in Tunisia.
Key words: Arab Uprising, Tunisia, Jasmine Revolution, democratic transition, liberal-democracy

References

  • Angrist M. P. (1999). Parties, parliament and political dissent in Tunisia, The Journal of North African Studies, 4:4, pp. 89-104.
  • Al-Ahram, (2011, November 3-9), Muslim brothers in Tunisia and Egypt, Retrieved from http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1071/eg2.htm. Date: 30.05.2012.
  • BBC News Africa, (2012, August 14), Tunisian women protest to demand equality, Retrived from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19253289. Date: 14. 08. 2012
  • Bingol Y. (2011a). Yirmibirinci yüzyılda demokrasi: Kavramlar, temel yaklaşımlar, In Bingol y. (Ed.), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi Tartışmaları, Umuttepe, Kocaeli. pp.9-19.
  • Bingol Y. (2011b). 1990’lı yıllarda demokrasiye geçiş tartışmaları. In Bingol y. (Ed.), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi Tartışmaları, Umuttepe, Kocaeli. pp.21-40.
  • Borowiec A. (1998). Modern Tunisia: A democratic apprenticeship, Prageger, Westport.
  • Dahl R. (1971). Polyarchy Participation and Opposition. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
  • Derradje A.R. (2011). Tunisia: From Bourguiba's era to the Jasmine Revolution& Fall of Ben Ali. ADAM Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1:2, 71-88.
  • Goulding, (2011, October 25). Tunisia: Women's winter of discontent. Retrieved from http://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/kristine-goulding/tunisia-womens-winter-of-discontent . Date: 29.05.2012.
  • Haggard S. & Kaufman R. R. (1999). The political economy of democratic transitions. In Anderson L. (Ed.)Transitions to Democracy, Columbia University Press, New York, pp.72-96. Haugbolle H. R. & Cavatorta F. (2012). Vive la grande famille des medias tunisien's Media reform, authoritarian resilience and societal responses in Tunisia, Journal of North African Studies, 17:1, 97-112.
  • Hoffman J. E. (1994). Democracy and Tunisia. (Master's Thesis), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Retrieved from, Bilkent University Library database.
  • Huntington S.P., (1984). Will more countries become democratic? Political Science Quarterly, 99:2, pp.193-218.
  • Huntington S. P. (1991). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London.Le Monde. (2011, October 20), Hamadi Jebali : 'L''essentiel est de respecter les libertés Retrieved from http://www.lemonde.fr/tunisie/article/2011/10/18/hamadi-jebali-l-essentiel-est-de-respecterles-libertes_1589959_1466522.html Date: 28.05.2012
  • Lijphart A. (1999). Patterns of democracy: Government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
  • Muedini F. (2012). Islam and democracy in the context of the ‘Arab Spring'. Islam and Muslim Societies: A Social Science Journal, 5 (1-2012), 1-22.
  • Murphy E. C., (2011). The Tunisian uprising and the precarious path to democracy. Democracy, Mediterranean Politics, 16:2, 299-305.
  • Perkins K. J. (1986). Crosroads of the Islamic and European Worlds. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
  • Pinkey R. (1994). Democracy in the thirld world. Issues in thirls world politics. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado.
  • Rueschemeyer D., Stephens H. E. & Stephens J. D. (1992). Capitalist development & democracy. Polity Press, Oxford.
  • Sadiki L. (2002). The search for citizenship in Bin Ali's Tunisia: democracy versus unity. Political Studies, 2002:50, 497-513.
  • Spencer R. (2013). Tunisia's recent turmoil exposes failings of country's young democracy, The Telegraph, 09 February 2013, Retrieved from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tunisia/9859678/Tunisiasrecent-turmoil-exposes-failings-of-countrys-young-democracy.html?fb
  • The Telegraph (2013). Tunisia in crisis as president's party rejects government plan, 11 February 2013, Retrived from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tunisia/9862767/Tunisiain-crisis-as-presidents-party-rejects-government-plan.html?fb
  • Turkish Foreign Ministry. (2011). Tunus Ulusal Kurucu Meclis Seçimleri Hk., 28 October 2011 No: 243, Retrived from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_243_-28-ekim-2011_-tunus-ulusal-kurucu-meclis-secimlerihk_.tr.mfa
  • Ulutas U. & Torlak F. (2011) Devrimden demokrasiye Tunus’un seçimi. SETA Analiz. Kasım 2011, Ankara.
  • UNFT, Union Nationale de Femme de la Tunisienne http://www.unft.org.tn/fr/index.php?rub=248&srub=296 UNPAN (1991), Tunisia Constitution Adopted in 195 Amendment on 198 Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/cafrad/unpan004842.pdf

TUNUS'TA ARAP BAHARI: LİBERAL DEMOKRATİK BİR GEÇİŞ

Year 2013, Volume: 12 Issue: 47, 310 - 327, 01.03.2013

Abstract

Arap Uyanışı, son zamanlarda akademik çalışmalara pek çok açıdan konu olmaktadır. Bölgede yaşananlar dikkati, uyanışın yapısına çekmektedir. Arap Baharı'nın ilk halkasını oluşturan Tunus, kısa ancak kanlı bir geçişe sahne olmuştur. Yasemin Devrimi adı verilen bu geçiş, yerleşik iktidarın muhalefete geçişi ile sona ermiştir. Bu olaylar, ekonomik sebeplerle patlak verse de, demokrasi ve insan hakları taleplerini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle demokratik mirasın varlığına ilişkin bilgi edinmek için, Tunus'un siyasi arka planı incelenecek; ardından seçimler, ifade özgürlüğü, örgütlenme özgürlüğü ve diğer insan hakları ile ilgili demokratik kurumlar değerlendirilecektir. Son olarak, tüm gelişmelerin ardından Tunus'ta demokratik konsolidasyonun mümkün olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Arap Uyanışı, Tunus, Yasemin Devrimi, demokratik geçiş, liberal demokrasi

References

  • Angrist M. P. (1999). Parties, parliament and political dissent in Tunisia, The Journal of North African Studies, 4:4, pp. 89-104.
  • Al-Ahram, (2011, November 3-9), Muslim brothers in Tunisia and Egypt, Retrieved from http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2011/1071/eg2.htm. Date: 30.05.2012.
  • BBC News Africa, (2012, August 14), Tunisian women protest to demand equality, Retrived from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19253289. Date: 14. 08. 2012
  • Bingol Y. (2011a). Yirmibirinci yüzyılda demokrasi: Kavramlar, temel yaklaşımlar, In Bingol y. (Ed.), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi Tartışmaları, Umuttepe, Kocaeli. pp.9-19.
  • Bingol Y. (2011b). 1990’lı yıllarda demokrasiye geçiş tartışmaları. In Bingol y. (Ed.), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Demokrasi Tartışmaları, Umuttepe, Kocaeli. pp.21-40.
  • Borowiec A. (1998). Modern Tunisia: A democratic apprenticeship, Prageger, Westport.
  • Dahl R. (1971). Polyarchy Participation and Opposition. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
  • Derradje A.R. (2011). Tunisia: From Bourguiba's era to the Jasmine Revolution& Fall of Ben Ali. ADAM Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1:2, 71-88.
  • Goulding, (2011, October 25). Tunisia: Women's winter of discontent. Retrieved from http://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/kristine-goulding/tunisia-womens-winter-of-discontent . Date: 29.05.2012.
  • Haggard S. & Kaufman R. R. (1999). The political economy of democratic transitions. In Anderson L. (Ed.)Transitions to Democracy, Columbia University Press, New York, pp.72-96. Haugbolle H. R. & Cavatorta F. (2012). Vive la grande famille des medias tunisien's Media reform, authoritarian resilience and societal responses in Tunisia, Journal of North African Studies, 17:1, 97-112.
  • Hoffman J. E. (1994). Democracy and Tunisia. (Master's Thesis), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Retrieved from, Bilkent University Library database.
  • Huntington S.P., (1984). Will more countries become democratic? Political Science Quarterly, 99:2, pp.193-218.
  • Huntington S. P. (1991). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman and London.Le Monde. (2011, October 20), Hamadi Jebali : 'L''essentiel est de respecter les libertés Retrieved from http://www.lemonde.fr/tunisie/article/2011/10/18/hamadi-jebali-l-essentiel-est-de-respecterles-libertes_1589959_1466522.html Date: 28.05.2012
  • Lijphart A. (1999). Patterns of democracy: Government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. Yale University Press, New Haven and London.
  • Muedini F. (2012). Islam and democracy in the context of the ‘Arab Spring'. Islam and Muslim Societies: A Social Science Journal, 5 (1-2012), 1-22.
  • Murphy E. C., (2011). The Tunisian uprising and the precarious path to democracy. Democracy, Mediterranean Politics, 16:2, 299-305.
  • Perkins K. J. (1986). Crosroads of the Islamic and European Worlds. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
  • Pinkey R. (1994). Democracy in the thirld world. Issues in thirls world politics. Lynne Rienner Publishers, Colorado.
  • Rueschemeyer D., Stephens H. E. & Stephens J. D. (1992). Capitalist development & democracy. Polity Press, Oxford.
  • Sadiki L. (2002). The search for citizenship in Bin Ali's Tunisia: democracy versus unity. Political Studies, 2002:50, 497-513.
  • Spencer R. (2013). Tunisia's recent turmoil exposes failings of country's young democracy, The Telegraph, 09 February 2013, Retrieved from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tunisia/9859678/Tunisiasrecent-turmoil-exposes-failings-of-countrys-young-democracy.html?fb
  • The Telegraph (2013). Tunisia in crisis as president's party rejects government plan, 11 February 2013, Retrived from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tunisia/9862767/Tunisiain-crisis-as-presidents-party-rejects-government-plan.html?fb
  • Turkish Foreign Ministry. (2011). Tunus Ulusal Kurucu Meclis Seçimleri Hk., 28 October 2011 No: 243, Retrived from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_243_-28-ekim-2011_-tunus-ulusal-kurucu-meclis-secimlerihk_.tr.mfa
  • Ulutas U. & Torlak F. (2011) Devrimden demokrasiye Tunus’un seçimi. SETA Analiz. Kasım 2011, Ankara.
  • UNFT, Union Nationale de Femme de la Tunisienne http://www.unft.org.tn/fr/index.php?rub=248&srub=296 UNPAN (1991), Tunisia Constitution Adopted in 195 Amendment on 198 Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/cafrad/unpan004842.pdf
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Başak Akar Yüksel This is me

Yılmaz Bingöl This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2013
Submission Date September 10, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 12 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Yüksel, B. A., & Bingöl, Y. (2013). TUNUS’TA ARAP BAHARI: LİBERAL DEMOKRATİK BİR GEÇİŞ. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(47), 310-327.

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Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

ESBD Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu tarafından tescil edilmiştir. Marka No:2011/119849.