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K-12 TEACHERS' USE OF TECHNOLOGY THAT ENRICHES THE ONLINE LEARNING PROCESS

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 87, 1257 - 1279, 11.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1276190

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the adoption of distance education at all levels by the Ministry of National Education, thus ensuring the continuation of the instructional process. To support this transition, the Education and Technology Network (EBA) provided access to various resources and EBA TV channels, thereby creating an online learning environment for both teachers and students. However, in this extraordinary context, educators also availed themselves of other instructional technologies outside of the EBA system in order to support the instructional process. Consequently, questions have emerged regarding the nature of instructional materials and technologies employed outside of the EBA system, the utilization of internet technologies to enhance student learning, the measures implemented to enhance student learning, and the reasons behind the preference for such alternative instructional technologies and materials. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the instructional activities and experiences of educators who implement online instruction at the K-12 level during the pandemic. The study employs a qualitative case study research design as its methodology. Data collection was achieved through an online questionnaire instrument, specifically developed by the researchers. It was titled "Survey on Distance Education Experiences during the Pandemic." The sample population consisted of 411 educators working in K-12 level educational institutions. The research findings highlight a number of activities to enrich online learning, which are: an effective and interactive class with digital activities, peer-to-peer teaching and interaction, alternative teaching methods, parent events, assessment tools, electronic portfolio, interactive activities, online competitions and implicit instruction processes. The educational activities that stand out in online learning are instructional videos, audio recording (podcast), presentation content, websites, mobile learning applications and communication networks. Teachers used technological devices such as desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, drawing tablets, etc. to enrich the online learning process. The technical problems and deficiencies addressed under the topics of “technological tools”, “Internet connection” and “distance education platforms” in the online environment of teachers are seen to be the major constraints to the enrichment of students’ online learning.

References

  • Alea, L. A., Fabrea, M. F., Roldan, R. D. A., & Farooqi, A. Z. (2020). Teachers' Covid-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 127-144. doi: 10.26803/ijlter.19.6.8
  • Briggs, S., & Compton, H. (2016). Taking advantage of MOOCs in k-12 education: A blended approach. D. Parsons (Eds)Mobile and Blended Learning Innovations for Improved Learning Outcomes (s. 297-309). IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0359-0.ch015
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. A., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2020). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (29.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem doi:10.14527/9789944919289
  • Bozkurt, A. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi sırasında ilköğretim öğrencilerinin uzaktaneğitime yönelik imge ve algıları: Bir metafor analizi. Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 1-23.https://doi.org/10.29065/usakead.777652 Chan, E., Khong, M. L., Torda, A., Tanner, J. A., Velan, G. M., & Wong, G. T. (2022). Medical teachers’ experience of emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-institutional study. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03367-x
  • Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37-46. doi: 10.1177/001316446002000104
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. ABD: SAGE.
  • Fernández-Batanero, J., Montenegro-Rueda, M., Fernández-Cerero, J., & García-Martínez, I. (2022). Digital competences for teacher professional development. Systematic review. European Journal of Teacher Education. 45(4), 513-531. doi:10.1080/02619768.2020.1827389
  • Gaddis, M. (2020). Faculty and student technology use to enhance student learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(4), 39-60. doi: 10.19173/irrodl.v21i3.4600
  • Garlinska, M., Osial, M., Proniewska, K., & Pregowska, A. (2023). The influence of emerging technologies on distance education. Electronics, 12(7), 1550.https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071550
  • Huang, J. (2022). Improving minority education in China in the “Internet plus” era: A case study of Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 12(2), 1749-1757.https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.22.or063
  • Keskin, M., & Özer Kaya, D. (2020). Covid-19 sürecinde öğrencilerin web tabanlı uzaktan eğitime yönelik geri bildirimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 59-67. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ikcusbfd/issue/55773/754174
  • Koç, E. (2021). İlkokul öğretim programlarının covid-19 sonrası yaygınlaşan uzaktan eğitime uygunluğunun incelenmesi. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Social Sciences Journal, 7(1), 24-36. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iaaoj/issue/59568/846418
  • Khan, B. H. (Ed.). (2005). Managing e-learning: Design, delivery, implementation, andevaluation. IGI Global.
  • Korkmaz, G., & Toraman, Ç. (2020). Are we ready for the post-covıd-19 educational practice? an ınvestigation into what educators think as to online learning.International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 293-309. doi: 10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.110
  • Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174. doi:10.2307/2529310
  • Liu, C., & Patnao Jr, J. L. (2023). Countermeasures for improving online teaching effect in chinese colleges and universities during the epidemic period. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(5).https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.5.1876
  • Marek, M. W., Chew, C. S., & Wu, W. C. V. (2021). Teacher experiences in converting classes to distance learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET), 19(1), 89-109. doi: 10.4018/IJDET.20210101.oa3
  • MEB, (2021). Mili Eğitim İstatistikleri - Örgün Eğitim. https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2021_09/10141326_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2020_2021.pdf
  • Murray, C., Heinz, M., Munday, I., Keane, E., Flynn, N., Connolly, C., … MacRuairc, G. (2020). Reconceptualising relatedness in education in ‘Distanced’Times. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 488-502. doi: 10.1080/02619768.2020.1806820
  • Norton, P., & Hathaway, D. (2015). Teachers’ online experience: Is there a covert curriculum in online professional development?. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 23(4), 509-533. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/148296/.
  • Pınar, M., & Dönel Akgül, G. (2020). The opinions of secondary school students about giving science.Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 10(2), 461-286. doi:10.26579/jocress.37
  • Rezende, S. R. G., Campos, V. G., dos Reis Pereira Fantone, P., & Brasil, M. M. (2013).Interaction in distance education: student, teaching material, information technologyand communication.Communications in Computer and Information Science, 374, 76–79. 76-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39476-8_16
  • Rossano, V., Lanzilotti, R., Cazzolla, A., & Roselli, T. (2020). Augmented reality to support geometry learning. IEEE Access, 8, 107772-107780. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000990
  • Sari, T., & Nayır, F. (2020). Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(3), 328-360. doi: 10.17583/qre.2020.5872
  • Solmaz, E. (2020). Çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında öğrenen-öğrenen etkileşimi. E. Kılıç Çakmak, & S. Karataş içinde, Çevrimiçi öğrenme: Farklı bakış açıları (s. 85-121). Pegem . doi:10.14527/9786257052245
  • Stemler, S. (2000). An overview of content analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 7(17), 1-6. doi:10.7275/z6fm-2e34
  • Tartuk, M. (2023). An analysis of social studies teachers' opinions on distance education after covid-19 pandemic. Education Quarterly Reviews, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/pt96a
  • Tonbuloğlu, B. (2022). Khan’ın e-öğrenme çerçevesi kapsamında acil durum uzaktan öğretim sürecinin değerlendirilmesi . Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 21 (83) , 963-996 . DOI: 10.17755/esosder.1054616
  • Tseng, J., Cheng, Y., & Yeh, H. (2019). How pre-service English teachers enact TPACK in the context of web-conferencing teaching: A design thinking approach. Computers & Education, 128, 171-182. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.022
  • UNESCO. (2021). Education: From disruption to recovery. RetrivedJanuary01, 2021,from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse.
  • Yang, C., & Chang, Y. S. (2012). Assessing the effects of interactive blogging on student attitudes towards peer interaction, learning motivation, and academic achievements. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(2), 126-135.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00423.x
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri(12.Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin.

K-12 ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ÇEVRİMİÇİ ÖĞRENME SÜRECİNİ ZENGİNLEŞTİREN TEKNOLOJİ KULLANIM DURUMLARI

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 87, 1257 - 1279, 11.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1276190

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tüm kademelerde uzaktan eğitime geçerek öğretim sürecinin sürekliliğini sağlamıştır. Bu süreçte Eğitim Bilişim Ağı’ndan(EBA) sağladığı olanaklar ve bunlara ek olarak EBA TV kanallarıyla öğretmen ve öğrencilere çevrimiçi bir öğrenme ortamı sunmuştur. Olağandışı gelişen bu süreçte öğretmenler öğretim süreçlerini desteklemek adına EBA dışındaki öğretim teknolojilerinden de faydalandılar. Dolayısıyla araştırmada pandemi nedeniyle K-12 düzeyinde çevrimiçi öğretim yapan öğretmenlerin bu süreçteki öğretim faaliyetlerinin ve deneyimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modellerinden durum çalışması araştırması temel alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacıların geliştirdiği ankete 411 öğretmen katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda çevrimiçi öğrenmede öğrenci öğrenmesini zenginleştirmek için dijital etkinliklerle etkili ve etkileşimli bir ders süreci, akran öğretimi ve etkileşimi, alternatif öğretim yöntemleri, veli etkinlikleri, değerlendirme araçları, elektronik portfolyo, etkileşimli aktiviteler, çevrimiçi yarışmalar ve destekleyici örtük öğretim süreçleri öne çıkmaktadır. Çevrimiçi öğrenmede öğretim videosu, ses kaydı (podcast), sunum içerikleri, internet siteleri, mobil öğrenme uygulamaları ve iletişim ağları öne çıkan eğitsel faaliyetlerdir. Öğretmenler çevrimiçi öğrenme sürecini zenginleştirmek için masaüstü bilgisayar, laptop, akıllı telefon, grafik tablet vb. teknolojik cihazlardan yararlanmışlardır. Öğretmenlerin çevrimiçi ortamdaki “teknolojik araç”, “internet bağlantısı” ve “uzaktan eğitim platformları” başlıklarındaki teknik sorunlar ve eksiklikler; öğrencilerin çevrimiçi öğrenmesinin zenginleştirilmesini sınırlandıran yönler olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

References

  • Alea, L. A., Fabrea, M. F., Roldan, R. D. A., & Farooqi, A. Z. (2020). Teachers' Covid-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 19(6), 127-144. doi: 10.26803/ijlter.19.6.8
  • Briggs, S., & Compton, H. (2016). Taking advantage of MOOCs in k-12 education: A blended approach. D. Parsons (Eds)Mobile and Blended Learning Innovations for Improved Learning Outcomes (s. 297-309). IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0359-0.ch015
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. A., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2020). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (29.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem doi:10.14527/9789944919289
  • Bozkurt, A. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi sırasında ilköğretim öğrencilerinin uzaktaneğitime yönelik imge ve algıları: Bir metafor analizi. Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 1-23.https://doi.org/10.29065/usakead.777652 Chan, E., Khong, M. L., Torda, A., Tanner, J. A., Velan, G. M., & Wong, G. T. (2022). Medical teachers’ experience of emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-institutional study. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 1-13.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03367-x
  • Cohen, J. (1960). A Coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37-46. doi: 10.1177/001316446002000104
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. ABD: SAGE.
  • Fernández-Batanero, J., Montenegro-Rueda, M., Fernández-Cerero, J., & García-Martínez, I. (2022). Digital competences for teacher professional development. Systematic review. European Journal of Teacher Education. 45(4), 513-531. doi:10.1080/02619768.2020.1827389
  • Gaddis, M. (2020). Faculty and student technology use to enhance student learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(4), 39-60. doi: 10.19173/irrodl.v21i3.4600
  • Garlinska, M., Osial, M., Proniewska, K., & Pregowska, A. (2023). The influence of emerging technologies on distance education. Electronics, 12(7), 1550.https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071550
  • Huang, J. (2022). Improving minority education in China in the “Internet plus” era: A case study of Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 12(2), 1749-1757.https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.22.or063
  • Keskin, M., & Özer Kaya, D. (2020). Covid-19 sürecinde öğrencilerin web tabanlı uzaktan eğitime yönelik geri bildirimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 59-67. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ikcusbfd/issue/55773/754174
  • Koç, E. (2021). İlkokul öğretim programlarının covid-19 sonrası yaygınlaşan uzaktan eğitime uygunluğunun incelenmesi. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Social Sciences Journal, 7(1), 24-36. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iaaoj/issue/59568/846418
  • Khan, B. H. (Ed.). (2005). Managing e-learning: Design, delivery, implementation, andevaluation. IGI Global.
  • Korkmaz, G., & Toraman, Ç. (2020). Are we ready for the post-covıd-19 educational practice? an ınvestigation into what educators think as to online learning.International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 293-309. doi: 10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.110
  • Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159-174. doi:10.2307/2529310
  • Liu, C., & Patnao Jr, J. L. (2023). Countermeasures for improving online teaching effect in chinese colleges and universities during the epidemic period. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(5).https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.5.1876
  • Marek, M. W., Chew, C. S., & Wu, W. C. V. (2021). Teacher experiences in converting classes to distance learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET), 19(1), 89-109. doi: 10.4018/IJDET.20210101.oa3
  • MEB, (2021). Mili Eğitim İstatistikleri - Örgün Eğitim. https://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2021_09/10141326_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2020_2021.pdf
  • Murray, C., Heinz, M., Munday, I., Keane, E., Flynn, N., Connolly, C., … MacRuairc, G. (2020). Reconceptualising relatedness in education in ‘Distanced’Times. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 488-502. doi: 10.1080/02619768.2020.1806820
  • Norton, P., & Hathaway, D. (2015). Teachers’ online experience: Is there a covert curriculum in online professional development?. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 23(4), 509-533. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/148296/.
  • Pınar, M., & Dönel Akgül, G. (2020). The opinions of secondary school students about giving science.Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences, 10(2), 461-286. doi:10.26579/jocress.37
  • Rezende, S. R. G., Campos, V. G., dos Reis Pereira Fantone, P., & Brasil, M. M. (2013).Interaction in distance education: student, teaching material, information technologyand communication.Communications in Computer and Information Science, 374, 76–79. 76-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39476-8_16
  • Rossano, V., Lanzilotti, R., Cazzolla, A., & Roselli, T. (2020). Augmented reality to support geometry learning. IEEE Access, 8, 107772-107780. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000990
  • Sari, T., & Nayır, F. (2020). Challenges in distance education during the (Covid-19) pandemic period. Qualitative Research in Education, 9(3), 328-360. doi: 10.17583/qre.2020.5872
  • Solmaz, E. (2020). Çevrimiçi öğrenme ortamlarında öğrenen-öğrenen etkileşimi. E. Kılıç Çakmak, & S. Karataş içinde, Çevrimiçi öğrenme: Farklı bakış açıları (s. 85-121). Pegem . doi:10.14527/9786257052245
  • Stemler, S. (2000). An overview of content analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 7(17), 1-6. doi:10.7275/z6fm-2e34
  • Tartuk, M. (2023). An analysis of social studies teachers' opinions on distance education after covid-19 pandemic. Education Quarterly Reviews, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/pt96a
  • Tonbuloğlu, B. (2022). Khan’ın e-öğrenme çerçevesi kapsamında acil durum uzaktan öğretim sürecinin değerlendirilmesi . Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 21 (83) , 963-996 . DOI: 10.17755/esosder.1054616
  • Tseng, J., Cheng, Y., & Yeh, H. (2019). How pre-service English teachers enact TPACK in the context of web-conferencing teaching: A design thinking approach. Computers & Education, 128, 171-182. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.022
  • UNESCO. (2021). Education: From disruption to recovery. RetrivedJanuary01, 2021,from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse.
  • Yang, C., & Chang, Y. S. (2012). Assessing the effects of interactive blogging on student attitudes towards peer interaction, learning motivation, and academic achievements. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(2), 126-135.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2011.00423.x
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri(12.Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İsmail Tonbuloğlu 0000-0001-7059-9125

Barış Çukurbaşı 0000-0002-2856-2676

Early Pub Date July 1, 2023
Publication Date July 11, 2023
Submission Date April 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 22 Issue: 87

Cite

APA Tonbuloğlu, İ., & Çukurbaşı, B. (2023). K-12 ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ÇEVRİMİÇİ ÖĞRENME SÜRECİNİ ZENGİNLEŞTİREN TEKNOLOJİ KULLANIM DURUMLARI. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(87), 1257-1279. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1276190

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