KRONİK BÖBREK HASTALIĞININ KÜRESEL YÜKÜNÜN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Küresel ölçekteki ilk 10 ölüm sebebi, tüm ölümlerin yarısından fazlasını oluşturmaktadır. Böbrek hastalıkları 2000 yılında bu listede 13. sıradayken, 2019’da 10. sıraya yükselmiştir. Kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) düzey 3 ölüm nedenleri listesinde 14. sıradan 11’e yükselmiş olup 2040’ta 5. sıraya çıkacağı öngörülmektedir. Dünyada 2010’da böbrek replasman tedavisi (BRT) alan hasta sayısı 2,6 milyon olup milyon nüfus başına 379 kişi olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sayının 2017’de 3,9 milyona yükseldiği, 2030’da 5,4 milyona çıkacağı tahmin edilmektedir. BRT’lerden biri olan böbrek nakli için düşük sosyoekonomik durum gibi bazı güçlükler bulunmaktadır. BRT’ye erişimin sınırlı kalmasıyla her yıl 2 milyondan fazla insan yaşamını yitirmekte ve bu ölümlerin çoğu düşük ve orta-düşük gelirli ülkelerde meydana gelmektedir. KBH, bireyin yaşam kalitesini düşürmekte, psikososyal sorunlarını artırmakta ve istihdamla ilgili önemli sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca istihdam sadece KBH’den değil, hemodiyaliz/periton diyalizinden de olumsuz etkilenmektedir. KBH yüksek tedavi maliyetlerine ve azalan iş gücü nedeniyle üretkenlik kaybına da yol açmaktadır. KBH ekonomik, iş gücü, yaşam kalitesi ve yüke dair bazı hızlarla değerlendirildiğinde; küresel yükünün arttığı ve BRT’nin mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği bildirilmektedir. Bu derleme ile KBH yükünün küresel öneminin incelenmesi, verilerle Türkiye’deki yeri, konunun artan öneminin vurgulanarak sağlık profesyonellerinin ve karar vericilerin dikkatinin çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Kronik böbrek hastalığı
• küresel hastalık yükü
• böbrek replasman tedavisi
• halk sağlığı

A REVIEW OF THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Abstract

The top 10 causes of death globally account for more than half of all deaths. Kidney diseases rose from 13th in 2000 to 10th in 2019. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has risen from 14th to 11th among Level 3 causes of death and is projected to rise to 5th place in 2040. The number of patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the world in 2010 was 2.6 million, calculated as 379 people per million population. This number increased to 3.9 million in 2017 and is estimated to increase to 5.4 million in 2030. For kidney transplantation, one of the RRTs, there are some challenges, such as low socioeconomic status. Limited access to RRT results in more than 2 million deaths each year, with most of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-low-income countries. CKD reduces an individual’s quality of life, increases psychosocial problems, and leads to significant employment-related problems. Moreover, employment is negatively affected not only by CKD but also by hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis. CKD also leads to high treatment costs and loss of productivity due to reduced labor force. When CKD is evaluated with some economic, labor, quality of life and burden rates, it’s reported that its global burden is increasing, and RRT should be considered. The aim of this review is to examine the global importance of the burden of CKD, its place in Türkiye with data and to draw the attention of health professionals and decision makers by emphasizing the increasing importance of the issue.

Keywords

• Chronic kidney disease
• global burden of disease
• renal replacement therapy
• public health

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