DÜNYA SAĞLIK ÖRGÜTÜ’NÜN COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE KÜRESEL SÜRVEYANS ÇALIŞMALARI
Year 2020,
, 184 - 213, 28.09.2020
Selva Dilan Gölbaşı
Selma Metintas
Abstract
Derlemenin amacı, 2019 Aralık ayında gündeme gelerek tanımlanan COVID-19 (Koronavirüs Hastalığı-2019) ve etkeni olan SARS-CoV-2 bağlamında 2020 yılının ilk aylarında Dünya Sağlık Örgütü önderliğinde yaşanan gelişmeleri ve çalışmaları, yayımlanan raporlar ile ortaya koymaktır. SARS-CoV (Ağır Akut Solunum Yetersizliği Sendromu ile ilişkili koronavirüs) ve MERS-CoV (Orta Doğu Solunum Sendromu ile ilişkili koronavirüs) ile aynı ailede yer alıp bu virüslerle olan benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları ile kendini gösteren SARS-CoV-2, önce bir pandemiye, ardından bir infodemiye yol açarak insanlık tarihindeki yerini almıştır. Pandeminin ilk aylarında ulaşılan hastalık ve etken ile ilgili bilgilerle beraber DSÖ önderliğindeki salgın yönetiminde küresel sürveyans özetlenerek halk sağlığı prensipleri vurgulanmıştır.
References
- 1. Buzgan T GÖ. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün Pandemilerdeki Etkinliği ve Post-Pandemik Dönemdeki Geleceği COVID-19 Sürecinde DSÖ. Küresel Salgının Anatomisi: İnsan ve Toplumun Geleceği. Akademisi TB, editor. Ankara. 2020.
- 2. Interim report on WHO’s response to COVID - January - April 2020. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee for the WHO Health Emergencies Programme.: WHO; 29 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/interim-report-on-who-s-response-to-covid---january---april-2020.
- 3. Global surveillance for COVID-19 caused by human infection with COVID-19 virus, Interim guidance: WHO; 20 March 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331506/WHO-2019-nCoV-SurveillanceGuidance-2020.6-eng.pdf.
- 4. A guide to WHO’s guidance on COVID-19: WHO; 17 July 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/a-guide-to-who-s-guidance.
- 5. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19: WHO; 8 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--8-april-2020.
- 6. Pneumonia of unknown cause – China: WHO; 5 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/.
- 7. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 1: WHO; 21 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=20a99c10_4.
- 8. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 2: WHO; 22 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200122-sitrep-2-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=4d5bcbca_2.
- 9. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 3 23 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200123-sitrep-3-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=d6d23643_8.
- 10. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 4: WHO; 24 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200124-sitrep-4-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=9272d086_8.
- 11. Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection: interim guidance: WHO Iris; 10 January 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330374?search-result=true&query=laboratory+guide+7+january&scope=%2F&rpp=10&sort_by=score&order=desc.
- 12. Timeline of WHO’s response to COVID-19.: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/29-06-2020-covidtimeline.
- 13. National capacities review tool for a novel coronavirus: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/national-capacities-review-tool-for-a-novelcoronavirus.
- 14. WHO advice for international travel and trade in relation to the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus in China, COVID-19 Travel Advice: WHO; 10 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/who-advice-for-international-travel-and-trade-in-relation-to-the-outbreak-of-pneumonia-caused-by-a-new-coronavirus-in-china.
- 15. Novel Coronavirus – China Disease outbreak news : Update
WHO; 12 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/.
- 16. Novel Coronavirus – Japan (ex-China): WHO; 17 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/17-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/.
- 17. Novel Coronavirus – Republic of Korea (ex-China): WHO; 21 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/21-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-republic-of-korea-ex-china/en/.
- 18. Mission summary: WHO Field Visit to Wuhan, China 20-21 January 2020: WHO; 22 January 2020 Statement [Available from: https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/22-01-2020-field-visit-wuhan-china-jan-2020.
- 19. Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-surveillance-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov.
- 20. COVID-19 v4: operational support and logistics: disease commodity packages: WHO; 30 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-v4-operational-support-and-logistics-disease-commodity-packages.
- 21. Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Statement Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 23 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov).
- 22. Updated WHO advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: WHO; 24 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-who-advice-for-international-traffic-in-relation-to-the-outbreak-of-the-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-24-jan.
- 23. Updated WHO advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: WHO; 27 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-who-advice-for-international-traffic-in-relation-to-the-outbreak-of-the-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov.
- 24. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: The Unity Studies: Early Investigations Protocols: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations.
- 25. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 12: WHO; 1 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200201-sitrep-12-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=273c5d35_2.
- 26. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 5: WHO; 25 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200125-sitrep-5-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=429b143d_8.
- 27. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 7: WHO; 27 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200127-sitrep-7-2019--ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=98ef79f5_2.
- 28. WHO, China leaders discuss next steps in battle against coronavirus outbreak: WHO; 28 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/28-01-2020-who-china-leaders-discuss-next-steps-in-battle-against-coronavirus-outbreak.
- 29. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 8: WHO; 28 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200128-sitrep-8-ncov-cleared.pdf?sfvrsn=8b671ce5_2.
- 30. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 9: WHO; 29 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200129-sitrep-9-ncov-v2.pdf?sfvrsn=e2c8915_2.
- 31. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Statement Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 30 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov).
- 32. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 11: WHO; 31 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200131-sitrep-11-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=de7c0f7_4.
- 33. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019‑nCoV): strategic preparedness and response plan: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/srp-04022020.pdf.
- 34. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 14: WHO; 3 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200203-sitrep-14-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=f7347413_4.
- 35. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 24: WHO; 13 Feb 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200213-sitrep-24-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9a7406a4_4.
- 36. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 16: WHO; 5 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200205-sitrep-16-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=23af287f_4.
- 37. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 20: WHO; 9 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200209-sitrep-20-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=6f80d1b9_4.
- 38. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 18: WHO; 7 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200207-sitrep-18-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fa644293_2.
- 39. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 21: WHO; 10 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200210-sitrep-21-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=947679ef_2.
- 40. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 22: WHO; 11 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fb6d49b1_2.
- 41. COVID-19 Partners Platform: WHO; [Available from: https://covid-19-response.org/.
- 42. COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, operational planning guidelines to support country preparedness and response: WHO; 12 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid-19-sprp-unct-guidelines.pdf?sfvrsn=81ff43d8_4.
- 43. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 25: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200214-sitrep-25-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=61dda7d_2.
- 44. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 26: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200215-sitrep-26-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=a4cc6787_2.
- 45. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 27: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200216-sitrep-27-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=78c0eb78_4.
- 46. Surface sampling of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A practical “how to” protocol for health care and public health professionals: WHO; 18 February 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331058/WHO-2019-nCoV-Environment_protocol-2020.1-eng.pdf.
- 47. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 28: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200217-sitrep-28-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=a19cf2ad_2.
- 48. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 31: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200220-sitrep-31-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=dfd11d24_2.
- 49. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 30: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200219-sitrep-30-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3346b04f_2.
- 50. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 32: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200221-sitrep-32-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=4802d089_2.
- 51. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 33: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200222-sitrep-33-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c9585c8f_4.
- 52. Emergency Ministerial meeting on COVID-19 organized by the African Union and the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/emergency-ministerial-meeting-on-covid-19-organized-by-the-african-union-and-the-africa-centres-for-disease-control-and-prevention.
- 53. Joint WHO and ECDC mission in Italy to support COVID-19 control and prevention efforts: WHO Europe; 24-02-2020 [Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/2/joint-who-and-ecdc-mission-in-italy-to-support-covid-19-control-and-prevention-efforts.
- 54. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 35: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200224-sitrep-35-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ac4218d_2.
- 55. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the mission briefing on COVID-19: WHO; 26 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mission-briefing-on-covid-19---26-february-2020.
- 56. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 37: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200226-sitrep-37-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=2146841e_2.
- 57. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 38: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200227-sitrep-38-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=2db7a09b_4.
- 58. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 39: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200228-sitrep-39-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5bbf3e7d_4.
- 59. Updated WHO recommendations for international traffic in relation to COVID-19 outbreak: WHO; 29 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-who-recommendations-for-international-traffic-in-relation-to-covid-19-outbreak.
- 60. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 41: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200301-sitrep-41-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=6768306d_2.
- 61. WHO-AUDIO Emergencies Coronavirus Press Conference: WHO; 03 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-03mar2020-final.pdf?sfvrsn=d85a98b8_2.
- 62. Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19: WHO; 19 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/critical-preparedness-readiness-and-response-actions-for-covid-19.
- 63. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 80: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200409-sitrep-80-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1b685d64_6.
- 64. Statement by the Regional Director Dr Ahmed Al-Mandhari on COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean: WHO Eastern Mediterranean. ; [Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/media/news/statement-by-the-regional-director-dr-ahmed-al-mandhari-on-covid-19-in-the-eastern-mediterranean.html.
- 65. WHO team arrives in Tehran to support the COVID-19 response: WHO Eastern Mediterranean. ; 2 March 2020 [Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/irn/iran-news/who-team-arrives-in-tehran-to-support-the-covid-19-response.html.
- 66. WHO emphasizes on agile response capacities, as South-East Asia Region confirms more COVID-19 cases: WHO South-East Asia. ; 4 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/detail/04-03-2020-who-emphasizes-on-agile-response-capacities-as-south-east-asia-region-confirms-more-covid-19-cases.
- 67. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 46: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200306-sitrep-46-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=96b04adf_4.
- 68. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 47: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200307-sitrep-47-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=27c364a4_4.
- 69. Responding to community spread of COVID-19: WHO; 7 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/responding-to-community-spread-of-covid-19.
- 70. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 50: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200310-sitrep-50-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=55e904fb_2.
- 71. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 WHO; 11 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
- 72. WHO and public health experts conclude COVID-19 mission to Islamic Republic of Iran: WHO Eastern Mediterranean. ; 12 March 2020 [Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/irn/iran-news/delegation-of-who-and-public-health-experts-concludes-covid-19-mission-to-iran.html.
- 73. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 51: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10.
- 74. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 52: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200312-sitrep-52-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=e2bfc9c0_4.
- 75. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 53: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200313-sitrep-53-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=adb3f72_2.
- 76. WHO, UN Foundation and partners launch first-of-its-kind COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund: WHO; 13 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/13-03-2020-who-un-foundation-and-partners-launch-first-of-its-kind-covid-19-solidarity-response-fund.
- 77. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 56: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200316-sitrep-56-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9fda7db2_6.
- 78. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 59: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200319-sitrep-59-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c3dcdef9_2.
- 79. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 63: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200323-sitrep-63-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b617302d_4.
- 80. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 23 March 2020: WHO; 23 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---23-march-2020.
- 81. COVID-19: Operational guidance for maintaining essential health services during an outbreak: WHO; 25 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-operational-guidance-for-maintaining-essential-health-services-during-an-outbreak.
- 82. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 65: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200325-sitrep-65-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=ce13061b_2.
- 83. Operational considerations for COVID-19 surveillance using GISRS, Interim guidance: WHO; 26 March 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331589/WHO-2019-nCoV-Leveraging_GISRS-2020.1-eng.pdf.
- 84. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 86: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200415-sitrep-86-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c615ea20_6.
- 85. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 27 March 2020: WHO; 27 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---27-march-2020.
- 86. Health topics, Coronavirus, Virus origin, Reducing animal-human transmission of emerging pathogens: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/who-recommendations-to-reduce-risk-of-transmission-of-emerging-pathogens-from-animals-to-humans-in-live-animal-markets.
- 87. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1564-7.
- 88. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations: WHO; 29 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations.
- 89. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 66: World Health Organization. ; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2.
- 90. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 68: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200328-sitrep-68-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=384bc74c_8.
- 91. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 69: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200329-sitrep-69-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=8d6620fa_8.
- 92. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 73: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200402-sitrep-73-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5ae25bc7_6.
- 93. COVID19: WHO calls for stronger whole of society approach in South-East Asia Region: WHO South East Asia; 3 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/detail/03-04-2020-covid19-who-calls-for-stronger-whole-of-society-approach-in-south-east-asia-region.
- 94. Georgieva K. Opening Remarks for Joint IMF/WHO press conference: International Monetary Fund. ; April 3, 2020 [Available from: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/04/03/sp040320-opening-remarks-for-joint-imf-who-press-conference.
- 95. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 3 April 2020: WHO; 3 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--3-april-2020.
- 96. Oxygen sources and distribution for COVID-19 treatment centres: WHO; 4 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/oxygen-sources-and-distribution-for-covid-19-treatment-centres.
- 97. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 87: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200416-sitrep-87-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9523115a_2.
- 98. WHO lists two COVID-19 tests for emergency use: WHO; 7 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/07-04-2020-who-lists-two-covid-19-tests-for-emergency-use.
- 99. Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19: WHO; 8 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19.
- 100. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 78: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200407-sitrep-78-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=bc43e1b_2.
- 101. Reconfiguring health systems vital to tackling COVID-19: WHO Europe; 08-04-2020 [Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/4/reconfiguring-health-systems-vital-to-tackling-covid-19.
- 102. Adaptt Surge Planning Support Tool: WHO Europe; [Available from: https://euro.sharefile.com/share/view/scef08a92a9d43b68/fo62fb4f-ba90-4a9a-a0e7-7c98dea86b9a.
- 103. Health Workforce Estimator (HWFE): WHO Europe; [Available from: https://euro.sharefile.com/share/view/s1df028894aa49abb/fob92ed8-23cb-4b24-a746-524bb6a27843.
- 104. COVID-19: Operational Planning Guidelines and COVID-19 Partners Platform to support country preparedness and response: WHO; [Available from: https://openwho.org/courses/UNCT-COVID19-preparedness-and-response-EN.
- 105. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Essential resource planning: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/covid-19-critical-items.
- 106. Integrated surveillance of COVID-19 in Italy: ISTITVTO SVPERIORE DI SANITA; 10 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/bollettino/Infografica_10aprile%20ENG.pdf.
- 107. Introduction to Go.Data – Field data collection, chains of transmission and contact follow-up: WHO; [Available from: https://openwho.org/courses/godata-en.
- 108. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 10 April 2020: WHO; 10 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---10-april-2020.
- 109. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 88: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200417-sitrep-88-covid-191b6cccd94f8b4f219377bff55719a6ed.pdf?sfvrsn=ebe78315_6.
- 110. Public statement for collaboration on COVID-19 vaccine development: WHO; 13 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/13-04-2020-public-statement-for-collaboration-on-covid-19-vaccine-development.
- 111. COVID‑19 Strategy Update: WHO; 14 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid-strategy-update-14april2020.pdf?sfvrsn=29da3ba0_19.
- 112. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 13 April 2020: WHO; 13 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--13-april-2020.
- 113. More than 117 million children at risk of missing out on measles vaccines, as COVID-19 surges, Statement by the Measles & Rubella Initiative: American Red Cross, U.S. CDC, UNICEF, UN Foundation and WHO: WHO; 14.04.20 [Available from: https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/measles/statement_missing_measles_vaccines_covid-19/en/.
- 114. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19: WHO; 15 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---15-april-2020.
- 115. Coronavirus: US to halt funding to WHO, says Trump: BBC News 15 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52289056.
- 116. Statement – Transition to a ‘new normal’ during the COVID-19 pandemic must be guided by public health principles, Statement to the press by Dr Hans Henri P. Kluge Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Europe 16 April 2020 [Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/statements/statement-transition-to-a-new-normal-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-must-be-guided-by-public-health-principles.
- 117. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 17 April 2020: WHO; 17 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---17-april-2020.
- 118. Emergency Global Supply Chain System (COVID-19) catalogue: WHO; 17 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/emergency-global-supply-chain-system-(covid-19)-catalogue.
- 119. COVID-19 Donations in Kind: WHO; [Available from: https://ee.humanitarianresponse.info/x/#ySxyZHTE.
- 120. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 89: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200418-sitrep-89-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3643dd38_2.
- 121. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 20 April 2020: WHO; 20 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---20-april-2020.
- 122. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 58: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200318-sitrep-58-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=20876712_2.
- 123. Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response: WHO; 21 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/addressing-human-rights-as-key-to-the-covid-19-response.
- 124. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 92: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200421-sitrep-92-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=38e6b06d_6.
- 125. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 93: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200422-sitrep-93-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=35cf80d7_4.
- 126. COVID-19 and Food Safety: Guidance for Food Businesses: WHO; 7 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-and-food-safety-guidance-for-food-businesses.
- 127. COVID-19 and Food Safety: Guidance for competent authorities responsible for national food safety control systems, Interim guidance: WHO; 22 April 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331842/WHO-2019-nCoV-Food_Safety_authorities-2020.1-eng.pdf.
- 128. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 94: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200423-sitrep-94-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b8304bf0_4.
- 129. WHO urges countries not to let COVID-19 eclipse other health issues WHO Africa; 23 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-urges-countries-not-let-covid-19-eclipse-other-health-issues.
- 130. PAHO urges countries to maintain vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic: PAHO; 24 Apr 2020 [Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/24-4-2020-paho-urges-countries-maintain-vaccination-during-covid-19-pandemic.
- 131. "Immunity passports" in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 24 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 132. Global Health Community Urges Trump Administration to Continue Funding World Health Organization: Global Health Council. ; April 24, 2020 [Available from: https://globalhealth.org/global-health-community-urges-trump-administration-to-continue-funding-world-health-organization/.
- 133. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the launch of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator: WHO; 24 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-launch-of-the-access-to-covid-19-tools-accelerator.
- 134. Strengthening Preparedness for COVID-19 in Cities and Urban Settings: WHO; 28 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/strengthening-preparedness-for-covid-19-in-cities-and-urban-settings.
- 135. Statement on the third meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): WHO; 1 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/01-05-2020-statement-on-the-third-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19).
- 136. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report– 106: WHO; 5 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200505covid-19-sitrep-106.pdf?sfvrsn=47090f63_2.
- 137. Contact tracing in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 10 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/contact-tracing-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 138. Considerations for public health and social measures in the workplace in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 10 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/considerations-for-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-workplace-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 139. Considerations for school-related public health measures in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 10 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/considerations-for-school-related-public-health-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 140. Public health criteria to adjust public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 12 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/public-health-criteria-to-adjust-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 141. Considerations for mass gatherings in the context of COVID-19: annex: considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 14 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/considerations-for-mass-gatherings-in-the-context-of-covid-19-annex-considerations-in-adjusting-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 142. The WHO Academy’s COVID-19 mobile learning app. Now available for health workers: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/about/who-academy/the-who-academy-s-covid-19-mobile-learning-app.
- 143. Gender and COVID-19, Advocacy Brief: WHO; 14 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/gender-
and-covid-19.
- 144. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents with COVID-19: WHO; 15 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-and-adolescents-with-covid-19.
- 145. Interim report on WHO’s response to COVID - January - April 2020: WHO; 29 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/interim-report-on-who-s-response-to-covid---january---april-2020.
- 146. Historic health assembly ends with global commitment to COVID-19 response: WHO; 19 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/19-05-2020-historic-health-assembly-ends-with-global-commitment-to-covid-19-response.
- 147. WHO and UNHCR join forces to improve health services for refugees, displaced and stateless people: WHO; 21 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/21-05-2020-who-and-unhcr-join-forces-to-improve-health-services-for-refugees-displaced-and-stateless-people.
- 148. WHO Foundation Established to Support Critical Global Health Needs: World Health Organization.; 27 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-05-2020-who-foundation-established-to-support-critical-global-health-needs.
- 149. COVID-19 technology access pool. Commitments to share knowledge, intellectual property and data: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/covid-19-technology-access-pool.
GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE STUDIES LED BY THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION IN THE PROCESS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Year 2020,
, 184 - 213, 28.09.2020
Selva Dilan Gölbaşı
Selma Metintas
Abstract
The aim of this review is to reveal the developments and studies under the leadership of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the first months of 2020 in the context of COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-2019) and its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, which was identified in December 2019 with published reports. SARS-CoV-2, which takes place in the same family with SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus), and has both similarities and differences with its family members, came up as the main topic on all over the World, leading to a pandemic and then an infodemia. The principles of Public Health were emphasized by summarizing the global surveillance on outbreak management led by WHO with the characteristics of disease and agent during the first months of the pandemic.
References
- 1. Buzgan T GÖ. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün Pandemilerdeki Etkinliği ve Post-Pandemik Dönemdeki Geleceği COVID-19 Sürecinde DSÖ. Küresel Salgının Anatomisi: İnsan ve Toplumun Geleceği. Akademisi TB, editor. Ankara. 2020.
- 2. Interim report on WHO’s response to COVID - January - April 2020. Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee for the WHO Health Emergencies Programme.: WHO; 29 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/interim-report-on-who-s-response-to-covid---january---april-2020.
- 3. Global surveillance for COVID-19 caused by human infection with COVID-19 virus, Interim guidance: WHO; 20 March 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331506/WHO-2019-nCoV-SurveillanceGuidance-2020.6-eng.pdf.
- 4. A guide to WHO’s guidance on COVID-19: WHO; 17 July 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/a-guide-to-who-s-guidance.
- 5. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19: WHO; 8 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--8-april-2020.
- 6. Pneumonia of unknown cause – China: WHO; 5 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/.
- 7. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 1: WHO; 21 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=20a99c10_4.
- 8. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 2: WHO; 22 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200122-sitrep-2-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=4d5bcbca_2.
- 9. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 3 23 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200123-sitrep-3-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=d6d23643_8.
- 10. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 4: WHO; 24 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200124-sitrep-4-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=9272d086_8.
- 11. Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection: interim guidance: WHO Iris; 10 January 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330374?search-result=true&query=laboratory+guide+7+january&scope=%2F&rpp=10&sort_by=score&order=desc.
- 12. Timeline of WHO’s response to COVID-19.: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/29-06-2020-covidtimeline.
- 13. National capacities review tool for a novel coronavirus: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/national-capacities-review-tool-for-a-novelcoronavirus.
- 14. WHO advice for international travel and trade in relation to the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus in China, COVID-19 Travel Advice: WHO; 10 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/who-advice-for-international-travel-and-trade-in-relation-to-the-outbreak-of-pneumonia-caused-by-a-new-coronavirus-in-china.
- 15. Novel Coronavirus – China Disease outbreak news : Update
WHO; 12 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/.
- 16. Novel Coronavirus – Japan (ex-China): WHO; 17 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/17-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/.
- 17. Novel Coronavirus – Republic of Korea (ex-China): WHO; 21 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/csr/don/21-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-republic-of-korea-ex-china/en/.
- 18. Mission summary: WHO Field Visit to Wuhan, China 20-21 January 2020: WHO; 22 January 2020 Statement [Available from: https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/22-01-2020-field-visit-wuhan-china-jan-2020.
- 19. Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-surveillance-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov.
- 20. COVID-19 v4: operational support and logistics: disease commodity packages: WHO; 30 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-v4-operational-support-and-logistics-disease-commodity-packages.
- 21. Statement on the meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Statement Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 23 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/23-01-2020-statement-on-the-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov).
- 22. Updated WHO advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: WHO; 24 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-who-advice-for-international-traffic-in-relation-to-the-outbreak-of-the-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-24-jan.
- 23. Updated WHO advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: WHO; 27 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-who-advice-for-international-traffic-in-relation-to-the-outbreak-of-the-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov.
- 24. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: The Unity Studies: Early Investigations Protocols: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/early-investigations.
- 25. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 12: WHO; 1 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200201-sitrep-12-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=273c5d35_2.
- 26. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 5: WHO; 25 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200125-sitrep-5-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=429b143d_8.
- 27. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 7: WHO; 27 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200127-sitrep-7-2019--ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=98ef79f5_2.
- 28. WHO, China leaders discuss next steps in battle against coronavirus outbreak: WHO; 28 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/28-01-2020-who-china-leaders-discuss-next-steps-in-battle-against-coronavirus-outbreak.
- 29. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 8: WHO; 28 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200128-sitrep-8-ncov-cleared.pdf?sfvrsn=8b671ce5_2.
- 30. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 9: WHO; 29 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200129-sitrep-9-ncov-v2.pdf?sfvrsn=e2c8915_2.
- 31. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Statement Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 30 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov).
- 32. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 11: WHO; 31 January 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200131-sitrep-11-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=de7c0f7_4.
- 33. 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019‑nCoV): strategic preparedness and response plan: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/srp-04022020.pdf.
- 34. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 14: WHO; 3 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200203-sitrep-14-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=f7347413_4.
- 35. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 24: WHO; 13 Feb 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200213-sitrep-24-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9a7406a4_4.
- 36. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 16: WHO; 5 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200205-sitrep-16-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=23af287f_4.
- 37. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 20: WHO; 9 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200209-sitrep-20-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=6f80d1b9_4.
- 38. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 18: WHO; 7 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200207-sitrep-18-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fa644293_2.
- 39. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 21: WHO; 10 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200210-sitrep-21-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=947679ef_2.
- 40. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report – 22: WHO; 11 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fb6d49b1_2.
- 41. COVID-19 Partners Platform: WHO; [Available from: https://covid-19-response.org/.
- 42. COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, operational planning guidelines to support country preparedness and response: WHO; 12 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid-19-sprp-unct-guidelines.pdf?sfvrsn=81ff43d8_4.
- 43. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 25: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200214-sitrep-25-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=61dda7d_2.
- 44. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 26: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200215-sitrep-26-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=a4cc6787_2.
- 45. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 27: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200216-sitrep-27-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=78c0eb78_4.
- 46. Surface sampling of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A practical “how to” protocol for health care and public health professionals: WHO; 18 February 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331058/WHO-2019-nCoV-Environment_protocol-2020.1-eng.pdf.
- 47. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 28: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200217-sitrep-28-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=a19cf2ad_2.
- 48. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 31: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200220-sitrep-31-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=dfd11d24_2.
- 49. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 30: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200219-sitrep-30-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3346b04f_2.
- 50. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 32: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200221-sitrep-32-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=4802d089_2.
- 51. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 33: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200222-sitrep-33-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c9585c8f_4.
- 52. Emergency Ministerial meeting on COVID-19 organized by the African Union and the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/emergency-ministerial-meeting-on-covid-19-organized-by-the-african-union-and-the-africa-centres-for-disease-control-and-prevention.
- 53. Joint WHO and ECDC mission in Italy to support COVID-19 control and prevention efforts: WHO Europe; 24-02-2020 [Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/2/joint-who-and-ecdc-mission-in-italy-to-support-covid-19-control-and-prevention-efforts.
- 54. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 35: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200224-sitrep-35-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ac4218d_2.
- 55. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the mission briefing on COVID-19: WHO; 26 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mission-briefing-on-covid-19---26-february-2020.
- 56. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 37: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200226-sitrep-37-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=2146841e_2.
- 57. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 38: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200227-sitrep-38-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=2db7a09b_4.
- 58. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 39: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200228-sitrep-39-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5bbf3e7d_4.
- 59. Updated WHO recommendations for international traffic in relation to COVID-19 outbreak: WHO; 29 February 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/updated-who-recommendations-for-international-traffic-in-relation-to-covid-19-outbreak.
- 60. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 41: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200301-sitrep-41-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=6768306d_2.
- 61. WHO-AUDIO Emergencies Coronavirus Press Conference: WHO; 03 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/who-audio-emergencies-coronavirus-press-conference-full-03mar2020-final.pdf?sfvrsn=d85a98b8_2.
- 62. Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19: WHO; 19 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/critical-preparedness-readiness-and-response-actions-for-covid-19.
- 63. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 80: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200409-sitrep-80-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1b685d64_6.
- 64. Statement by the Regional Director Dr Ahmed Al-Mandhari on COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean: WHO Eastern Mediterranean. ; [Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/media/news/statement-by-the-regional-director-dr-ahmed-al-mandhari-on-covid-19-in-the-eastern-mediterranean.html.
- 65. WHO team arrives in Tehran to support the COVID-19 response: WHO Eastern Mediterranean. ; 2 March 2020 [Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/irn/iran-news/who-team-arrives-in-tehran-to-support-the-covid-19-response.html.
- 66. WHO emphasizes on agile response capacities, as South-East Asia Region confirms more COVID-19 cases: WHO South-East Asia. ; 4 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/detail/04-03-2020-who-emphasizes-on-agile-response-capacities-as-south-east-asia-region-confirms-more-covid-19-cases.
- 67. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 46: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200306-sitrep-46-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=96b04adf_4.
- 68. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 47: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200307-sitrep-47-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=27c364a4_4.
- 69. Responding to community spread of COVID-19: WHO; 7 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/responding-to-community-spread-of-covid-19.
- 70. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 50: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200310-sitrep-50-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=55e904fb_2.
- 71. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 WHO; 11 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
- 72. WHO and public health experts conclude COVID-19 mission to Islamic Republic of Iran: WHO Eastern Mediterranean. ; 12 March 2020 [Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/irn/iran-news/delegation-of-who-and-public-health-experts-concludes-covid-19-mission-to-iran.html.
- 73. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 51: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10.
- 74. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 52: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200312-sitrep-52-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=e2bfc9c0_4.
- 75. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 53: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200313-sitrep-53-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=adb3f72_2.
- 76. WHO, UN Foundation and partners launch first-of-its-kind COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund: WHO; 13 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/13-03-2020-who-un-foundation-and-partners-launch-first-of-its-kind-covid-19-solidarity-response-fund.
- 77. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 56: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200316-sitrep-56-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9fda7db2_6.
- 78. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 59: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200319-sitrep-59-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c3dcdef9_2.
- 79. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 63: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200323-sitrep-63-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b617302d_4.
- 80. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 23 March 2020: WHO; 23 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---23-march-2020.
- 81. COVID-19: Operational guidance for maintaining essential health services during an outbreak: WHO; 25 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-operational-guidance-for-maintaining-essential-health-services-during-an-outbreak.
- 82. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 65: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200325-sitrep-65-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=ce13061b_2.
- 83. Operational considerations for COVID-19 surveillance using GISRS, Interim guidance: WHO; 26 March 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331589/WHO-2019-nCoV-Leveraging_GISRS-2020.1-eng.pdf.
- 84. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 86: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200415-sitrep-86-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c615ea20_6.
- 85. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 27 March 2020: WHO; 27 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---27-march-2020.
- 86. Health topics, Coronavirus, Virus origin, Reducing animal-human transmission of emerging pathogens: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/who-recommendations-to-reduce-risk-of-transmission-of-emerging-pathogens-from-animals-to-humans-in-live-animal-markets.
- 87. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, et al. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1564-7.
- 88. Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations: WHO; 29 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations.
- 89. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 66: World Health Organization. ; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200326-sitrep-66-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9e5b8b48_2.
- 90. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 68: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200328-sitrep-68-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=384bc74c_8.
- 91. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 69: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200329-sitrep-69-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=8d6620fa_8.
- 92. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 73: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200402-sitrep-73-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=5ae25bc7_6.
- 93. COVID19: WHO calls for stronger whole of society approach in South-East Asia Region: WHO South East Asia; 3 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/detail/03-04-2020-covid19-who-calls-for-stronger-whole-of-society-approach-in-south-east-asia-region.
- 94. Georgieva K. Opening Remarks for Joint IMF/WHO press conference: International Monetary Fund. ; April 3, 2020 [Available from: https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/04/03/sp040320-opening-remarks-for-joint-imf-who-press-conference.
- 95. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 3 April 2020: WHO; 3 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--3-april-2020.
- 96. Oxygen sources and distribution for COVID-19 treatment centres: WHO; 4 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/oxygen-sources-and-distribution-for-covid-19-treatment-centres.
- 97. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 87: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200416-sitrep-87-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=9523115a_2.
- 98. WHO lists two COVID-19 tests for emergency use: WHO; 7 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/07-04-2020-who-lists-two-covid-19-tests-for-emergency-use.
- 99. Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19: WHO; 8 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19.
- 100. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 78: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200407-sitrep-78-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=bc43e1b_2.
- 101. Reconfiguring health systems vital to tackling COVID-19: WHO Europe; 08-04-2020 [Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/4/reconfiguring-health-systems-vital-to-tackling-covid-19.
- 102. Adaptt Surge Planning Support Tool: WHO Europe; [Available from: https://euro.sharefile.com/share/view/scef08a92a9d43b68/fo62fb4f-ba90-4a9a-a0e7-7c98dea86b9a.
- 103. Health Workforce Estimator (HWFE): WHO Europe; [Available from: https://euro.sharefile.com/share/view/s1df028894aa49abb/fob92ed8-23cb-4b24-a746-524bb6a27843.
- 104. COVID-19: Operational Planning Guidelines and COVID-19 Partners Platform to support country preparedness and response: WHO; [Available from: https://openwho.org/courses/UNCT-COVID19-preparedness-and-response-EN.
- 105. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Essential resource planning: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/covid-19-critical-items.
- 106. Integrated surveillance of COVID-19 in Italy: ISTITVTO SVPERIORE DI SANITA; 10 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/bollettino/Infografica_10aprile%20ENG.pdf.
- 107. Introduction to Go.Data – Field data collection, chains of transmission and contact follow-up: WHO; [Available from: https://openwho.org/courses/godata-en.
- 108. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 10 April 2020: WHO; 10 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---10-april-2020.
- 109. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 88: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200417-sitrep-88-covid-191b6cccd94f8b4f219377bff55719a6ed.pdf?sfvrsn=ebe78315_6.
- 110. Public statement for collaboration on COVID-19 vaccine development: WHO; 13 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/13-04-2020-public-statement-for-collaboration-on-covid-19-vaccine-development.
- 111. COVID‑19 Strategy Update: WHO; 14 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid-strategy-update-14april2020.pdf?sfvrsn=29da3ba0_19.
- 112. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 13 April 2020: WHO; 13 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19--13-april-2020.
- 113. More than 117 million children at risk of missing out on measles vaccines, as COVID-19 surges, Statement by the Measles & Rubella Initiative: American Red Cross, U.S. CDC, UNICEF, UN Foundation and WHO: WHO; 14.04.20 [Available from: https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/measles/statement_missing_measles_vaccines_covid-19/en/.
- 114. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19: WHO; 15 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---15-april-2020.
- 115. Coronavirus: US to halt funding to WHO, says Trump: BBC News 15 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52289056.
- 116. Statement – Transition to a ‘new normal’ during the COVID-19 pandemic must be guided by public health principles, Statement to the press by Dr Hans Henri P. Kluge Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Europe 16 April 2020 [Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/statements/statement-transition-to-a-new-normal-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-must-be-guided-by-public-health-principles.
- 117. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 17 April 2020: WHO; 17 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---17-april-2020.
- 118. Emergency Global Supply Chain System (COVID-19) catalogue: WHO; 17 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/emergency-global-supply-chain-system-(covid-19)-catalogue.
- 119. COVID-19 Donations in Kind: WHO; [Available from: https://ee.humanitarianresponse.info/x/#ySxyZHTE.
- 120. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 89: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200418-sitrep-89-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=3643dd38_2.
- 121. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 20 April 2020: WHO; 20 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---20-april-2020.
- 122. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 58: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200318-sitrep-58-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=20876712_2.
- 123. Addressing Human Rights as Key to the COVID-19 Response: WHO; 21 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/addressing-human-rights-as-key-to-the-covid-19-response.
- 124. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 92: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200421-sitrep-92-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=38e6b06d_6.
- 125. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 93: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200422-sitrep-93-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=35cf80d7_4.
- 126. COVID-19 and Food Safety: Guidance for Food Businesses: WHO; 7 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/covid-19-and-food-safety-guidance-for-food-businesses.
- 127. COVID-19 and Food Safety: Guidance for competent authorities responsible for national food safety control systems, Interim guidance: WHO; 22 April 2020 [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331842/WHO-2019-nCoV-Food_Safety_authorities-2020.1-eng.pdf.
- 128. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 94: WHO; [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200423-sitrep-94-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b8304bf0_4.
- 129. WHO urges countries not to let COVID-19 eclipse other health issues WHO Africa; 23 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.afro.who.int/news/who-urges-countries-not-let-covid-19-eclipse-other-health-issues.
- 130. PAHO urges countries to maintain vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic: PAHO; 24 Apr 2020 [Available from: https://www.paho.org/en/news/24-4-2020-paho-urges-countries-maintain-vaccination-during-covid-19-pandemic.
- 131. "Immunity passports" in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 24 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 132. Global Health Community Urges Trump Administration to Continue Funding World Health Organization: Global Health Council. ; April 24, 2020 [Available from: https://globalhealth.org/global-health-community-urges-trump-administration-to-continue-funding-world-health-organization/.
- 133. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the launch of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator: WHO; 24 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-launch-of-the-access-to-covid-19-tools-accelerator.
- 134. Strengthening Preparedness for COVID-19 in Cities and Urban Settings: WHO; 28 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/strengthening-preparedness-for-covid-19-in-cities-and-urban-settings.
- 135. Statement on the third meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): WHO; 1 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/01-05-2020-statement-on-the-third-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19).
- 136. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report– 106: WHO; 5 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200505covid-19-sitrep-106.pdf?sfvrsn=47090f63_2.
- 137. Contact tracing in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 10 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/contact-tracing-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 138. Considerations for public health and social measures in the workplace in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 10 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/considerations-for-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-workplace-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 139. Considerations for school-related public health measures in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 10 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/considerations-for-school-related-public-health-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 140. Public health criteria to adjust public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 12 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/public-health-criteria-to-adjust-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 141. Considerations for mass gatherings in the context of COVID-19: annex: considerations in adjusting public health and social measures in the context of COVID-19: WHO; 14 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/considerations-for-mass-gatherings-in-the-context-of-covid-19-annex-considerations-in-adjusting-public-health-and-social-measures-in-the-context-of-covid-19.
- 142. The WHO Academy’s COVID-19 mobile learning app. Now available for health workers: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/about/who-academy/the-who-academy-s-covid-19-mobile-learning-app.
- 143. Gender and COVID-19, Advocacy Brief: WHO; 14 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/gender-
and-covid-19.
- 144. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents with COVID-19: WHO; 15 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-and-adolescents-with-covid-19.
- 145. Interim report on WHO’s response to COVID - January - April 2020: WHO; 29 April 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/interim-report-on-who-s-response-to-covid---january---april-2020.
- 146. Historic health assembly ends with global commitment to COVID-19 response: WHO; 19 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/19-05-2020-historic-health-assembly-ends-with-global-commitment-to-covid-19-response.
- 147. WHO and UNHCR join forces to improve health services for refugees, displaced and stateless people: WHO; 21 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/21-05-2020-who-and-unhcr-join-forces-to-improve-health-services-for-refugees-displaced-and-stateless-people.
- 148. WHO Foundation Established to Support Critical Global Health Needs: World Health Organization.; 27 May 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/27-05-2020-who-foundation-established-to-support-critical-global-health-needs.
- 149. COVID-19 technology access pool. Commitments to share knowledge, intellectual property and data: WHO; 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/covid-19-technology-access-pool.