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Sağlıkta Hakkaniyetin Sosyal Belirleyicileri

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 398 - 403, 06.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1701208

Abstract

Bireylerin doğup büyüdüğü, çalışıp yaşadığı yaşlandığı tüm ortam ve koşullar anlamına gelen sosyal belirleyicilerin sağlıkla olan ilişkisi çok eskiden beri bilinmesine rağmen yakın zamana kadar tıp biliminin çalışma alanı dışında kalmıştır. Oysa sosyal belirleyicilerin sağlık üzerindeki rolünün genetik özelliklerden ve sağlık hizmetlerinin niteliğinden daha önemli olduğu ve tüm toplumsal sağlık ve iyilik halinin yarıdan fazlasının sosyal belirleyiciler ve bunlara uygun hakkaniyetli sağlık hizmet sunumu tarafından belirlendiği görülmektedir. Sosyal konum, güç, para ve kaynaklara erişim ile sağlık arasındaki ilişkiyi belirleyen toplumsal değişkenleri ifade eden sağlıkta hakkaniyetin sosyal belirleyicileri ise fazladan sistemlerin ve kurumların resmi ve gayri resmi kuralları, politikaları, kültürü ve değerleri gibi yapısal belirleyicileri de içerir. “Gelişmiş” sanılan pek çok toplumda ve ülkemizde bu belirleyicilerin toplumun çeşitli alt grupları arasında eşit dağılmadığı ve sırf bu nedenle hakkaniyetli bir sağlık hizmeti sunmanın söz konusu olamadığı ortadadır. Sağlık hizmetlerinin tüm toplumun sağlık düzeyini yükseltecek niteliğe kavuşması için sosyal belirleyicilerdeki eşitsizliklerin izlenerek en aza indirilmesine, yapısal ayrımcılıkların üstesinden gelinmesine, alınacak önlemlerin etkili olması için paydaşlarla yönetişim düzenlemelerine ihtiyaç vardır. Aksi halde gelmekte olan iklim değişikliği ve dijital dönüşümün fırsat ve tehditleri de hakkaniyeti sağlayacak şekilde yönetilemeyecek ve başarısızlık faturası ne yazık ki gene tıp bilimine ve sağlık sektörüne kesilecektir.

References

  • Ignaz Semmelweis [İnternet]. Türkçe Vikipedi: Türkiye Vikipedi; [erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2025]. Erişim adresi: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_ Semmelweis
  • Social determinants of health [İnternet]. World Health Organization; [erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2025]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/social-determinants-of-health
  • Hayran O, Ataç Ö. Syndemics or Synergistic Epidemics. Journal of Health Systems and Policies. 2019;1(3):174-88.
  • Urlu M, Tan H, Golab Foroush A, Alsancak U, Çetinkaya E, Hayran O. Bibliographic Content Analysis of Publications Regarding Syndemics. SD Özetler. 2024. Erişim adresi: https://sdplatform. com/bibliographic-content-analysis-of-publications-regarding-syndemics/
  • World Health Organization. Health inequality monitoring: harnessing data to advance health equity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Erişim adresi: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/379703
  • World Health Organization. Social determinants of health [İnternet]. 2025 [erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2025]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1
  • Donkin A, Goldblatt P, Allen J, Nathanson V, Marmot M. Global action on the social determinants of health. BMJ Global Health. 2018;3:e000603.
  • McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR. The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Affairs. 2002;21:78–93.
  • World Health Organization. Healthy, prosperous lives for all: the European Health Equity Status Report. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2019. Erişim adresi: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/326879
  • Hannay DR. Lecture Notes on Medical Sociology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988. p.36.
  • World Health Organization. World report on social determinants of health equity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025.
  • World Health Organization. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241500852
  • Solar O, Valentine N, Castedo A, Brandt GS, Sathyandran J, Ahmed Z, et al. Action on the social determinants for advancing health equity in the time of COVID-19: perspectives of actors engaged in a WHO Special Initiative. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2023;21:193.
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Communities in action: pathways to health equity. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2017. Erişim adresi: https://doi. org/10.17226/24624
  • O’Neill J, Tabish H, Welch V, Petticrew M, Pottie K, Clarke M, et al. Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2014;67:56–64.

Social Determinants of Health Equity

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 398 - 403, 06.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.1701208

Abstract

Although the relationship between social determinants—meaning all the environments and conditions in which individuals are born, grow up, work, live, and age—and health has been known for a long time, it has remained outside the scope of medical science until recently. However, it is now clear that social determinants play a more significant role in health than genetic characteristics and the quality of healthcare services, and that more than half of overall health and well-being of populations is determined by social determinants and the equitable provision of healthcare services that align with them.
The social determinants of health equity, which refer to the social variables that determine the relationship between social position, power, access to money and resources, and health, additionally include structural determinants such as the formal and informal rules, policies, culture and values of systems and institutions. It is clear that in many societies considered ‘developed’ and also in our country, these determinants are not equally distributed among various subgroups of society, and for this reason alone, the provision of equitable health services is not possible.
In order for healthcare services to attain the quality required to raise the health level of the entire society, it is necessary to monitor and minimize inequalities in social determinants, overcome structural discrimination, and establish governance arrangements with stakeholders to ensure that the measures taken are effective. Otherwise, the opportunities and threats posed by the impending climate change and digital transformation will not be managed in a way that ensures fairness, and the bill for failure will unfortunately once again be footed by the medical sciences and the healthcare sector.

References

  • Ignaz Semmelweis [İnternet]. Türkçe Vikipedi: Türkiye Vikipedi; [erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2025]. Erişim adresi: https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaz_ Semmelweis
  • Social determinants of health [İnternet]. World Health Organization; [erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2025]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/social-determinants-of-health
  • Hayran O, Ataç Ö. Syndemics or Synergistic Epidemics. Journal of Health Systems and Policies. 2019;1(3):174-88.
  • Urlu M, Tan H, Golab Foroush A, Alsancak U, Çetinkaya E, Hayran O. Bibliographic Content Analysis of Publications Regarding Syndemics. SD Özetler. 2024. Erişim adresi: https://sdplatform. com/bibliographic-content-analysis-of-publications-regarding-syndemics/
  • World Health Organization. Health inequality monitoring: harnessing data to advance health equity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Erişim adresi: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/379703
  • World Health Organization. Social determinants of health [İnternet]. 2025 [erişim tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2025]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1
  • Donkin A, Goldblatt P, Allen J, Nathanson V, Marmot M. Global action on the social determinants of health. BMJ Global Health. 2018;3:e000603.
  • McGinnis JM, Williams-Russo P, Knickman JR. The case for more active policy attention to health promotion. Health Affairs. 2002;21:78–93.
  • World Health Organization. Healthy, prosperous lives for all: the European Health Equity Status Report. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2019. Erişim adresi: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/326879
  • Hannay DR. Lecture Notes on Medical Sociology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988. p.36.
  • World Health Organization. World report on social determinants of health equity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025.
  • World Health Organization. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241500852
  • Solar O, Valentine N, Castedo A, Brandt GS, Sathyandran J, Ahmed Z, et al. Action on the social determinants for advancing health equity in the time of COVID-19: perspectives of actors engaged in a WHO Special Initiative. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2023;21:193.
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Communities in action: pathways to health equity. Washington (DC): The National Academies Press; 2017. Erişim adresi: https://doi. org/10.17226/24624
  • O’Neill J, Tabish H, Welch V, Petticrew M, Pottie K, Clarke M, et al. Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2014;67:56–64.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Determinants of Health, Health Equity
Journal Section Review
Authors

Osman Hayran 0000-0002-9994-5033

Publication Date November 6, 2025
Submission Date May 17, 2025
Acceptance Date May 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Hayran O. Sağlıkta Hakkaniyetin Sosyal Belirleyicileri. ESTUDAM Public Health Journal. 2025;10(3):398-403.

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