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Making Sense of Teaching and Learning During the COVID 19 Pandemic: Studying Online at Home in Isolation

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 142 - 166, 28.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.894757

Abstract

This paper is about online education during the COVID 19 pandemic. More particularly, it is about exploring how university students make sense of their online teaching and learning practices during the COVID 19 pandemic. In order to discover their sense-making practices, this study investigates how a group of freshman students in a public university experience online education, focusing on their routine interactions with it. Between October 2020 and January 2021, the study collects the data from 165 freshman students. 133 participants take part in the first stage, describing their initial experiences with online education in a one-page note, in the second stage 25 participants talking about those experiences in semi-structured interviews, in the third stage 89 responding to the online survey, and 7 sending feedback for the draft report in the last stage. The data from those four sources are presented in four sections: (1) the participants’ routines with online education, (2) the benefits and (3) the disadvantages of online education according to their online practices, and (4) the students’ suggestions to improve the quality of online learning. A closer look on the findings suggests that the sudden massive transition to online education due to the COVID 19 outbreak results in both some advantages and some unforeseen undesirable consequences, one of which is the common confusion among the students that online education lacks socialization opportunities or unfair access to resources.

References

  • Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students' perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45-51.
  • Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16-25.
  • Altun-Ekiz, M. (2020). Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin karantina dönemindeki uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili görüşleri (nitel bir araştırma). Journal of Sport and Recreation Researches, 2(1), 1-13.
  • An, Y., & Frick, T. (2006). Student perceptions of asynchronous computer-mediated communication in face-to-face courses. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 485–499.
  • Anderson-Levitt, K. M. (2006). Ehtnography. In J.L. Green, G. Camilli, & P.B. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 279-295). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
  • Aristovnik, A., Keržic, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževic, N., & Umek, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability, 12(8438), 1-34.
  • Bao, W. (2020). COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2, 113-115.
  • Bates, T. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Bedford, J., Enria D., Giesecke J., Heymann D. L., Ihekweazu C., Kobinger G., … Wieler, L. H. (2020). COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. The Lancet, 395(10229), 1015-1018.
  • Berge, Z. L. (1998). Barriers to online teaching in post-secondary institutions: Can policy changes fix it? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 1, 1–12.
  • Brown, G., & McCall, V. (2021). Community, adaptability, and good judgement: Reflections on creating meaningful, sustainable pedagogy in uncertain times. Developing Academic Practice, January, 5-9.
  • Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., … Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1–126.
  • Coyner, S. C., & McCann, P. L. (2004). Advantages and challenges of teaching in an electronic environment: The accommodate model. International Journal of Instructional Media, 31(3), 223-228.
  • Crawford, J., Butler-Henderson, K., Rudolph, J., Malkawi, B., Glowatz, M., Burton, … Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 3(1), 9-28.
  • Daniel, J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49, 91-96.
  • Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology, 49(1), 5-22.
  • Dowd, J. B., Andriano-Liliana, B., Rotondi, D. M., Valentina, B., Block, P., Xuejie, D., … Mills, M. C. (2020). Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(18), 9696-9698.
  • Duffy, T., Gilbert, I., Kennedy, D., & Kwong, P. W. (2020). Comparing distance education and conventional education: Observations from a comparative study of post- registration nurses. ALT-J Research in Learning Technology, 10(1), 70-82.
  • Erkut, E. (2020). Covid-19 sonrası yükseköğretim. Journal of Higher Education (Turkey), 10(2), 125-133.
  • Eroğlu, F., & Kalaycı, N. (2020). Üniversitelerdeki zorunlu ortak derslerden Türk dili dersinin uzaktan ve yüz yüze eğitim uygulamalarının karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 8(3), 1001-1027.
  • Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between ermergency remote teaching and online learning. Educase Review, March, 1-15.
  • Karadağ, E., & Yücel, C. (2020). Yeni tip Koronavirüs pandemisi döneminde üniversitelerde uzaktan eğitim: Lisans öğrencileri kapsamında bir değerlendirme çalışması. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10(2), 181–192.
  • Kebritchi, M., Lipschuetz, A., & Santiague, L. (2017). Issues and challenges for teaching successful online courses in higher education: A literature review. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 46(1), 4-29.
  • Kornbluh, M. (2015). Combatting challenges to establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 12(4), 397-414.
  • Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing ethnographic research online. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kurnaz, E., & Serçemeli, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi döneminde akademisyenlerin uzaktan eğitim ve uzaktan muhasebe eğitimine yönelik bakış açıları üzerine bir araştırma. International Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 2(3), 262- 288.
  • Kürtüncü, M, & Kurt, A. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim konusunda yaşadıkları sorunlar. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 7(5), 66-77.
  • Li, C., & Irby, B. (2008). An overview of online education: Attractiveness, benefits, challenges, concerns and recommendations. College Student Journal, 42(2).
  • Lin, B., & Hsieh, C. (2001). Web-based teaching and learner control: A research review. Computers & Education, 37, 377-386.
  • Marinoni, G., van’t Land, H., & Jensen, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on higher education around the world: IAU global survey report. Paris: International Association of Universities.
  • Marshall, C, & Rossman, G. B. (2011). Designing qualitative research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • McAleer, M. (2020). Prevention is better than the cure: Risk management of COVID-19. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(3), 46.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Özdoğan, A. Ç., & Berkant, H. G. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi dönemindeki uzaktan eğitime ilişkin paydaş görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Milli Eğitim, 49(1), 13-43.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd. ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Saltürk, A., & Güngör, C. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinin gözünden Covid-19 pandemi döneminde uzaktan eğitime geçiş deneyimi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(3), 137-174.
  • Singh, V., & Thurman, A. (2019). How many ways can we define online learning? A systematic literature review of definitions of online learning (1988-2018). American Journal of Distance Education, 33(4), 289-306.
  • Swan, K., Shea, P., Fredericksen, E., Pickett, A., Pelz, W., & Maher, G. (2000). Building knowledge building communities: Consistency, contact and communication in the virtual classroom. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 23(4), 359–383.
  • Tsai, M., & Tsai, C. (2003). Information searching strategies in web-based science learning: The role of internet self-efficacy. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 40(1), 43–50.
  • Tucker, J. P., & Neely, P. W. (2010). Unbundling faculty roles in online distance education programs. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 11(2), 20–32.
  • Tuncalp, D., & Le, P. L. (2014). (Re)Locating boundaries: A systematic review of online ethnography. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 3(1), 59-79.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2020). En popüler bebek ismi erkeklerde Yusuf, kızlarda Zeynep oldu. Basın Odası Haberleri 3.
  • Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473.
  • Yolcu, H. H. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemi sürecinde sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının uzaktan eğitim deneyimleri. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 237-250.
  • Young, A., & Norgard, C. (2006). Assessing the quality of online courses from the students' perspective. Internet and Higher Education, 9, 107-115.
  • Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M., & Koutsogiannaki, S. (2020). COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clinical Immunology, 215, 108427.
  • Zimmerman, J. (2020.) Coronavirus and the great online-learning experiment. Chronicle of Higher Education, March.

COVID 19 Salgını Sürecinde Öğretim ve Öğrenmeyi Anlamlandırma: Evde Karantinada Uzaktan Öğretim

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 142 - 166, 28.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.894757

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın konusu, COVID 19 salgını sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili deneyimleri ve görüşleridir. Dolayısıyla, bu araştırma COVID 19 salgınında üniversite öğrencilerinin öğretim ve öğrenmelerini nasıl anlamlandırdıklarını ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu anlamlandırma sürecini meydana çıkarmak için, birinci sınıf üniversite öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim ile deneyimleri irdelenmiş ve bu öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim ile günlük etkileşimlerine odaklanılmıştır. 2020 Ekim ile Ocak 2021 döneminde 165 birinci sınıf üniversite öğrencilerinden veri toplanmıştır. Veri toplama sürecinin ilk aşamasında 133 öğrenci uzaktan öğretim deneyimlerini bir sayfalık notla açıklamıştır. İkinci aşamada 25 öğrenci yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerde bu deneyimleri ayrıntılı ortaya koymuştur. Üçüncü aşamada 89 öğrenci anket sorularına yanıt vermiş ve dördüncü aşamada 7 öğrenci araştırmanın taslak metnine geri dönüt sağlamıştır. Bu dört aşamadan elde edilen veriler dört bölümde bulgular olarak sunulmuştur: (1) uzaktan eğitim ile öğrencilerin günlük etkileşimi, (2) uzaktan eğitimin artıları, (3) eksileri ve (4) uzaktan eğitimi geliştirecek öneriler. Bu dört bölümdeki bulgulara yakından bakınca, COVID 19 salgını nedeniyle yükseköğretimin ani ve devasa dijital dönüşümünün bazı olumlu sonuç ve bazı öngörülmeyen ve arzu edilmeyen olumsuz sonuçlara neden olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu olumsuzluklardan birisi de üniversite öğrencilerin yaşadığı uzaktan eğitimin sosyalleşme olanaklarından ve kaynaklara eşit ulaşımdan mahrum olduğundan kaynaklı kavram kargaşasıdır.

References

  • Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students' perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45-51.
  • Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16-25.
  • Altun-Ekiz, M. (2020). Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin karantina dönemindeki uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili görüşleri (nitel bir araştırma). Journal of Sport and Recreation Researches, 2(1), 1-13.
  • An, Y., & Frick, T. (2006). Student perceptions of asynchronous computer-mediated communication in face-to-face courses. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 485–499.
  • Anderson-Levitt, K. M. (2006). Ehtnography. In J.L. Green, G. Camilli, & P.B. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 279-295). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.
  • Aristovnik, A., Keržic, D., Ravšelj, D., Tomaževic, N., & Umek, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on life of higher education students: A global perspective. Sustainability, 12(8438), 1-34.
  • Bao, W. (2020). COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2, 113-115.
  • Bates, T. (2005). Technology, e-learning and distance education (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
  • Bedford, J., Enria D., Giesecke J., Heymann D. L., Ihekweazu C., Kobinger G., … Wieler, L. H. (2020). COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. The Lancet, 395(10229), 1015-1018.
  • Berge, Z. L. (1998). Barriers to online teaching in post-secondary institutions: Can policy changes fix it? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 1, 1–12.
  • Brown, G., & McCall, V. (2021). Community, adaptability, and good judgement: Reflections on creating meaningful, sustainable pedagogy in uncertain times. Developing Academic Practice, January, 5-9.
  • Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., … Paskevicius, M. (2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1–126.
  • Coyner, S. C., & McCann, P. L. (2004). Advantages and challenges of teaching in an electronic environment: The accommodate model. International Journal of Instructional Media, 31(3), 223-228.
  • Crawford, J., Butler-Henderson, K., Rudolph, J., Malkawi, B., Glowatz, M., Burton, … Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 3(1), 9-28.
  • Daniel, J. (2020). Education and the COVID-19 pandemic. Prospects, 49, 91-96.
  • Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology, 49(1), 5-22.
  • Dowd, J. B., Andriano-Liliana, B., Rotondi, D. M., Valentina, B., Block, P., Xuejie, D., … Mills, M. C. (2020). Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(18), 9696-9698.
  • Duffy, T., Gilbert, I., Kennedy, D., & Kwong, P. W. (2020). Comparing distance education and conventional education: Observations from a comparative study of post- registration nurses. ALT-J Research in Learning Technology, 10(1), 70-82.
  • Erkut, E. (2020). Covid-19 sonrası yükseköğretim. Journal of Higher Education (Turkey), 10(2), 125-133.
  • Eroğlu, F., & Kalaycı, N. (2020). Üniversitelerdeki zorunlu ortak derslerden Türk dili dersinin uzaktan ve yüz yüze eğitim uygulamalarının karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 8(3), 1001-1027.
  • Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between ermergency remote teaching and online learning. Educase Review, March, 1-15.
  • Karadağ, E., & Yücel, C. (2020). Yeni tip Koronavirüs pandemisi döneminde üniversitelerde uzaktan eğitim: Lisans öğrencileri kapsamında bir değerlendirme çalışması. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10(2), 181–192.
  • Kebritchi, M., Lipschuetz, A., & Santiague, L. (2017). Issues and challenges for teaching successful online courses in higher education: A literature review. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 46(1), 4-29.
  • Kornbluh, M. (2015). Combatting challenges to establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 12(4), 397-414.
  • Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing ethnographic research online. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kurnaz, E., & Serçemeli, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi döneminde akademisyenlerin uzaktan eğitim ve uzaktan muhasebe eğitimine yönelik bakış açıları üzerine bir araştırma. International Journal of Social Sciences Academy, 2(3), 262- 288.
  • Kürtüncü, M, & Kurt, A. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim konusunda yaşadıkları sorunlar. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 7(5), 66-77.
  • Li, C., & Irby, B. (2008). An overview of online education: Attractiveness, benefits, challenges, concerns and recommendations. College Student Journal, 42(2).
  • Lin, B., & Hsieh, C. (2001). Web-based teaching and learner control: A research review. Computers & Education, 37, 377-386.
  • Marinoni, G., van’t Land, H., & Jensen, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on higher education around the world: IAU global survey report. Paris: International Association of Universities.
  • Marshall, C, & Rossman, G. B. (2011). Designing qualitative research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • McAleer, M. (2020). Prevention is better than the cure: Risk management of COVID-19. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(3), 46.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Özdoğan, A. Ç., & Berkant, H. G. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi dönemindeki uzaktan eğitime ilişkin paydaş görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Milli Eğitim, 49(1), 13-43.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd. ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Saltürk, A., & Güngör, C. (2020). Üniversite öğrencilerinin gözünden Covid-19 pandemi döneminde uzaktan eğitime geçiş deneyimi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(3), 137-174.
  • Singh, V., & Thurman, A. (2019). How many ways can we define online learning? A systematic literature review of definitions of online learning (1988-2018). American Journal of Distance Education, 33(4), 289-306.
  • Swan, K., Shea, P., Fredericksen, E., Pickett, A., Pelz, W., & Maher, G. (2000). Building knowledge building communities: Consistency, contact and communication in the virtual classroom. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 23(4), 359–383.
  • Tsai, M., & Tsai, C. (2003). Information searching strategies in web-based science learning: The role of internet self-efficacy. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 40(1), 43–50.
  • Tucker, J. P., & Neely, P. W. (2010). Unbundling faculty roles in online distance education programs. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 11(2), 20–32.
  • Tuncalp, D., & Le, P. L. (2014). (Re)Locating boundaries: A systematic review of online ethnography. Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 3(1), 59-79.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2020). En popüler bebek ismi erkeklerde Yusuf, kızlarda Zeynep oldu. Basın Odası Haberleri 3.
  • Wang, C., Horby, P. W., Hayden, F. G., & Gao, G. F. (2020). A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. The Lancet, 395(10223), 470-473.
  • Yolcu, H. H. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemi sürecinde sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının uzaktan eğitim deneyimleri. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 237-250.
  • Young, A., & Norgard, C. (2006). Assessing the quality of online courses from the students' perspective. Internet and Higher Education, 9, 107-115.
  • Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M., & Koutsogiannaki, S. (2020). COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clinical Immunology, 215, 108427.
  • Zimmerman, J. (2020.) Coronavirus and the great online-learning experiment. Chronicle of Higher Education, March.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Ali İçbay 0000-0002-6789-0306

Publication Date June 28, 2021
Submission Date March 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA İçbay, M. A. (2021). Making Sense of Teaching and Learning During the COVID 19 Pandemic: Studying Online at Home in Isolation. Eğitim Ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 142-166. https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.894757